Petroleum Production and Optimization (PCB4313)

September 2015 Semester

Assignment -01 PROSPER (Total Marks 10)
Name of Student:

Student ID:

1. Problem Statement
A new field, the Jubliee Field, has been located and is currently being drilled. As a petroleum
production engineer in the operating company, you have been asked to create a well model for the
first well of an oil reservoir using PROSPER.
The well has been producing for some time and so information is available on the fluid being
produced, tubing which has been installed, the completion into the reservoir and also for a number
of well tests which have already been carried out.
A model should therefore be built using the basing data available and then matched to the test data
to ensure that it is representative of the actual flowing conditions of the well. Once this matching
has been carried out, management would like to have an idea of the impact that water-cut will have
on production if the reservoir pressure is maintained at 4000 psig. This should be carried out for
wellhead pressures of 250, 500 and 750 psig.

Basic Data
This data will be used to set up the model.
Fluid
Method
Separator

Oil and Water

Black Oil
Single-Stage Separator

PVT Data
This is the preliminary PVT data which has been received from the lab to characterize the fluid as
well as results from a flash calculation.
GOR
Oil Gravity
Gas Gravity
Water Salinity
Mole % H2S
Mole % CO2
Mole % N2

800 scf/STB
37 API
0.76 Specific Gravity
23000 ppm
0%
0%
0%

Flash Experiment Data

Temperature of Test
Bubble Point at Test Temperature

210 F
3500 psig

Pressure
4000
3500
3000
2400
1000

Oil FVF
1.42
1.432
1.352
1.273
1.12

GOR
800
800
655
500
190

Viscosity
0.364
0.35
0.403
0.48
0.7205

Equipment Data
This data has been passed on by the drilling and geology departments to help model the well.

Deviation Survey
The deviation survey is a reflection of the path the well takes to surface. The deviation survey can
start at any reference depth (sea level, well head, platform etc) but the important idea is that all
equipment in the well is described in a consistent manner with respect to the reference depth
selected.
MD (ft)
0
600
1005
4075
7700
9275

TVD (ft)
0
600
1000
4000
7500
9000

Downhole Equipment
The downhole equipment specifies the path through which the fluid will travel to surface. The final
depth from this data will be used as the solution node where the bottom-hole pressure is calculated.
Type

MD (ft)

X-mas Tree
Tubing
SSSV
Tubing
Casing

600
1000
9000
9275

Inside Diameter Inside Roughness Rate

(in)
(in)
multiplier
1
4.052
0.0006
1
3.72
1
4.052
0.0006
1
6.4
0.0006
1

Geothermal Gradient Data

This data is used to calculate the temperature difference between the fluid and its surrounding and
is used in the calculation of the heat loss.
MD (ft)
0
600
9275

Temperature (F)
60
40
210

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient = 8 BTU/hr/ft2/F

Average Heat Capacity Data

Oil
Gas
Water

Heat Capacity (BTU/lb/F)

0.53
0.51
1

IPR Data
Below is the data required for entry for the Darcy model:
IPR Model
Reservoir Pressure
Reservoir Temperature
Water Cut
Total GOR
Skin Model
Reservoir Permeability
Reservoir Thickness
Drainage Area
Dietz Shape Factor
Wellbore Radius

Darcy Model
4000 psig
210 F
0%
800 scf/STB
Karakas + Tariq / Martin (2) Cinco Bronz
50 md
100 ft
500 acres
31.6
0.354 ft

Completion Data
The following completion data is available for use within the analytical skin model:
Reservoir Permeability
Shot Density
Perforation Diameter
Perforation Length
Perforation Efficiency
Damaged Zone Thickness
Damaged Zone Permeability
Crushed Zone Thickness

50md
8 ft-1
0.43 in
9.2 in
0.9
8 in
25 md
0.2 in

Crushed Zone Permeability

Shot Phasing
Wellbore Radius
Vertical Permeability
Deviation
Penetration

12.5 md
120
0.354 ft
5 md
13
1

Sand Control Data

The following data has been provided by the service company installing the gravel pack:
Gravel Pack Permeability
Gravel Pack Length
Perforation Interval
Beta (Turbulence)
Method

35000 md
6 in
100 ft
Calculated
Multiphase

Test Data
Test Date
Tubing
Head
Pressure (psig)
Tubing
Head
Temperature (F)
Water Cut (%)
Liquid
Rate
(STB/day)
Gauge Depth (ft)
Gauge
Pressure
(psig)
Reservoir Pressure
(psig)
GOR (scf/STB)
GOR Free (scf/STB)

01 Jan 2012
230

02 Jun 2012
521

18 Dec 2012
765

143.8

134.2

118

0
9784.1

0.5
7915.3

1.9
5636.9

6250
1322.6

6250
1623.8

6250
1962.6

4000

4000

4000

800
0

800
0

800
0

Task:
1. Identify and list the major components contributing significant pressure drops along
Jubilees completion string.
2. Determine the best flow correlation model for Jubilee and state the reasons for your choice.
3. Show the impact of water cut on production along with the effect of varying top node
pressure as given in the problem statement.
4. Show the impact of installing a gravel pack on the inflow as compared to not having it.

2. Problem Statement
The oil well in the Jubliee Field has now been producing for a number of years. Recently, the water
cut has increased and this along with a drop in the reservoir pressure, has led to the well producing
drop significantly. It has been estimated that within three months, the well will stop producing all
together and will die.
Rather than allow the well to die, management would like a new gas lift system to be designed and a
sensitivity to be run to see what the optimum injection rate would be for the well. It is assumed that
the well will continue to produce at a well head pressure of 500 psig but the water cut to be used
during the design is now 80%.

Gas Lift Options

Artificial Lift Method
Artificial Lift Type

Gas Lift (Continuous)

Friction Loss in Annulus

Gas Lift gas properties

Gas Lift Gas Gravity
% H2S
% N2
% Co2

0.7 Specific Gravituy

0
0
0

IPR Model Data

Reservoir conditions have changed to the following conditions:
Reservoir Pressure
Water Cut

3450 psig
80 %

Completion Data
Type

MD
(ft)

X-mas
Tree
Tubing
SSSV
Tubing
Casing

600
1000
9000
9275

Tubing
Inside
Diame
ter (in)

Tubing
Inside
Roughnes
s (in)

Tubing
Outside
Diamete
r (in)

Tubing
Outside
Roughnes
s (in)

Casing
Inside
Diamete
r (in)

Casing
Inside
Roughnes
s (in)

Rate
multiplie
r
1

4.052
3.72
4.052
6.4

0.0006

4.8

0.0006

6.4

0.0006

0.0006

4.8

0.0006

6.4
6.4

0.0006
0.0006

1
1
1
1

Gas Lift Design Criteria

The following criteria are set for Gas Lift Design:

Input Parameters:
Design Rate Method
Maximum Liquid Rate
Maximum Gas Available
Maximum Gas during Unloading
Flowing Top Node Pressure
Unloading Top Node Pressure
Operating Injection Pressure
Kick Off Injection Pressure
Desired dP Across Valve
Maximum Depth of Injection
Water Cut
Minimum Spacing
Static Gradient of Load Fluid
Minimum Transfer dP
Safety for Closure of Last Unloading Valve
Total GOR
Minimum CHP Decrease per Valve

Calculated From Max Production

10000 STB/day
4 MMscf/day
4 MMscf/day
250 psig
250 psig
1500 psig
1500 psig
100 psi
8500 ft
80 %
250 ft
0.43 psi/ft
25 %
0 psi
800 scf/STB
50 psi

Design Options:
Valve Type
Valve Setting
Injection Point
Dome Pressure Correction Above 1200 psig
Valve Spacing Procedure
Check Rate Conformance with IPR
Vertical Lift Correlation
Surface Pipe Correlation
Use IPR for unloading
Orifice Sizing On

Casing Sensitive
All Valves PVo = gas Pressure
Injection Point is orifice
Yes
Normal
Yes
Selected in Question 1
Beggs and Brill
Yes
Calculated dP @ Orifice

Valve Selection:
Manufacturer
Valve Type
Valve Spec

Camco
R-20
Normal

Task:
1. Perform a sensitivity analysis to show how the production rate varies with gas lift injection
rates.
2. For the given conditions what is the optimum injection rate from your analysis?
3. Explain why greater gas injection does not result in greater production.

3. Problem Statement
As an alternative to the Continuous Gas Lift System, the management would like to check the
application of the new Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) system. Assume that the well will continue
to produce at a well head pressure of 250 psig but the water cut to be used during design is 80 %.
The design should, however, be able to accommodate for 60 % to 90 % water cut.
ESP Options
The following artificial Lift options should be used in the design:
Artificial Lift Method
Artificial Lift Type

Electrical Submersible Pump

Model Produced Oil and Gas in Annulus

IPR Model Data

The reservoir conditions are changed to the following:
Reservoir Pressure
Water Cut

3450 psig
80 %

Completion Data
Type

MD
(ft)

X-mas
Tree
Tubing
SSSV
Tubing
Casing

600
1000
9000
9275

Tubing
Inside
Diame
ter (in)

Tubing
Inside
Roughnes
s (in)

Tubing
Outside
Diamete
r (in)

Tubing
Outside
Roughnes
s (in)

Casing
Inside
Diamete
r (in)

Casing
Inside
Roughnes
s (in)

Rate
multiplie
r
1

4.052
3.72
4.052
6.4

0.0006

4.8

0.0006

6.4

0.0006

0.0006

4.8

0.0006

6.4
6.4

0.0006
0.0006

ESP Design Criteria

The following criteria have been set for the ESP design:

Input Parameters:
Pump Depth (Measured)
Operating frequency
Maximum OD
Length of Cable
Separator Efficiency
Design Rate

8500 ft
60 Hz
6 in
9000 ft
0
8000 STB/day

1
1
1
1

Water Cut
Total GOR
Top Node Pressure
Motor Safety Power Margin
Pump Wear Factor
Vertical Lift Correlation

80 %
800 scf/STB
250 psig
0
0
Selected in Question 1

Task:
1. Give reason for your choice in selecting the installed Pump for these conditions. Give a
comparison by installing any other pump to show the one you selected is more efficient.
2. Perform a sensitivity analysis to see the effect of water cut and speed of the pump has on
production rates.

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INSTRUCTIONS:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Submit your reports with screen shots and suitable graphs in support of your answers.
If any data is not given then you may assume default values in the software.
Deadline for submission of individual reports is 18 Dec 2015.
Limit your report size to 10 pages.