Pump Composition

Centrifugal pumps consist of a set of rotating vanes called an impeller. The rotary
vanes are typically enclosed within a housing or casing, and are used to impart
energy to a fluid through centrifugal force. The pump has two main parts: a rotating
element which includes an impeller and a shaft, and a stationary element made up
of a casing (volute), stuffing box, and bearings.

Pump Operation

Centrifugal pumps operate using kinetic energy to move fluid, utilizing an impeller and a circular
pump casing. A vacuum is created in the pump which draws fluid to the impeller by suction.
The impeller produces liquid velocity and the casing forces the liquid to discharge from the
pump, converting velocity to pressure. This is accomplished by offsetting the impeller in the
casing and by maintaining a close clearance between the impeller and the casing at the cutwater.
By forcing fluid through without cupping it, centrifugal pumps can achieve very high flow rates.

Types

Centrifugal pumps generate flow by using one of three actions: radial flow, mixed flow, or axial
flow.

Axial flow pumps are characterized by high flow and low pressure. They lift liquid in
a direction parallel to the impeller shaft, operating essentially the same as a boat
propeller. Pressure is developed wholly by the propelling action of the impeller
vanes.

Axial flow impeller. Image Credit: Engineer's Edge

Radial flow pumps are characterized by high pressure and low flow. They accelerate
liquid through the center of the impeller and out along the impeller blades at right
angles (radially) to the pump shaft. Pressure is developed wholly by centrifugal
force.

Radial flow impeller. Image Credit: Engineer's Edge

Mixed flow pumps incorporate characteristics from both axial and radial flow
pumps, with typically medium flow and medium pressure. They push liquid out
away from the pump shaft at an angle greater than 90. Pressure is developed
partly by centrifugal force and partly by the lifting action of the impeller.

Mixed flow impeller. Image Credit: Engineer's Edge

The image below provides visual example of how liquid might flow through these different types
of pumps:

Centrifugal Pumps Search Form

Search manufacturer catalogs by these specifications:
Maximum Discharge Flow:
Less than 30 GPM
30 to 105 GPM

105 to 318 GPM

318 to 2,750 GPM
2,750 GPM and up

Maximum Discharge Pressure:

Less than 48 psi
48 to 110 psi
110 to 279 psi
279 to 580 psi
580 psi and up

Inlet Size:
Less than 0.79 inch
0.79 to 2 inch
2 to 6 inch
6 to 18 inch
18 inch and up

Discharge Size:
Less than 0.88 inch
0.88 to 2 inch
2 to 10 inch
10 to 23 inch
23 inch and up

Horsepower:
Less than 0.4 HP
0.4 to 2 HP
2 to 8 HP
8 to 84 HP
84 HP and up

Power Source:
None, Pump Only
AC Powered
DC Powered

Air / Pneumatic
Gasoline / Diesel Engine

Jet Pumps Information

Show all Jet Pumps Manufacturers

Jet pumps, also known as ejector pumps, are devices

capable of handling and transporting all forms of motive fluid including gas, steam, or liquid.
They can be considered mixers or circulators, since the intake combines multiple fluid sources.
Multiple inlets are used to draw in a constant stream of fluid, using pressure to create lift through
suction. The combination of intake pressure and velocity of the liquid or gas jets the media up
from a well, tank, or pit through the pump to the discharge point.

Jet pumps are less efficient than typical centrifugal pumps due to such factors as friction loss, but
may be more efficient when working with combined media that includes gases, and in variable
well conditions where the surface characteristics involve turbulence.

Operation

Jet pumps are centrifugal pumps with an ejector (venturi nozzle) attached at the discharge outlet. They function
based upon the Venturi effect of Bernoulli's principle - utilizing constriction to reduce pressure and provide suction.
After the pump is primed, a motive fluid is pumped through a standard centrifugal pump and enters an ejector. At
the throat of the converging section of the ejector, the pressurized fluid is ejected at high velocity. This creates a
low pressure (vacuum) at the throat, drawing the target fluid (from a well or other source) up into the nozzle. This
picture is a diagram of the ejector portion of a jet pump:

Image Credit: Mbeychok (Wikipedia)

This video provides visual explanation of a jet a pump's operation:

Video Credit: iecSimulations

Composition

Jet pumps consist of three sections: a centrifugal pump, a jet ejector package, and a foot valve.

The centrifugal pump generates the force which circulates the motive fluid through the
ejector, typically using an impeller powered by a motor. For more information on
different types of centrifugal pumps, visit How to Select Centrifugal Pumps on
Engineering360.
The jet ejector package (the nozzle, venturi, and various connections) is often
separate from the pump before installation. Ejector components are carefully
engineered to match the flow rate of a specific pump. During installation, it is
important to read the ejector package instructions and set the package up correctly
for the specific horsepower of the pump.
The foot valve is the section connected to the well or target resevoir. It
receives fluid into the system and feeds the pump, filters debris and sediment from
entering the system, and maintains the pump prime, preventing backflow.

Jet pump system, indicating its various components. Image Credit: National Resources Management and
Environmental Department

Types

There are four main types of jet pumps, which vary based on application and size.

jet pumps are used in high volume applications, such as oil wells, which
range from 800-15,000 feet in depth. The ejectors in these pumps are put down the
well.
Deep well

pumps are used in applications where the media is close to the surface,
such as residential wells. The ejectors in these pumps are bolted to the nose of the
pump.
Shallow well

jet pumps are "convertible", meaning they can be set up to be used for
either deep or shallow well applications.
Convertible

jet pumps are used for smaller (typically commercial) applications, such as
aquariums.
Miniature

Specifications

The primary specifications to consider when selecting jet pumps are flowrate, pump head,
pressure, horsepower, power rating, outlet diameter, and operating temperature.
Engineering360's Pump Flow page describes these performance specifications in detail. One
important consideration specific to jet pumps is this: if external pressures and internal pressures
exceed the material specifications and the pressure specifications of the jet pump, the throat of
the pump can collapse and cause damage or extreme reductions in flow.

Materials

Housing materials for jet pumps include plastics, steel alloys, and cast iron.

Plastics,

including polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylic, and

polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), are less expensive and provide resistance to
corrosion and a broad range of chemicals.

Steel alloys,

including stainless steel, are stronger and more abrasion resistant than plastics and
provide good corrosion and chemical resistance.
Cast iron

provides high strength and abrasion resistance.

For more on materials and other pump features, visit Engineering360's Pump Features page.

Applications

Jet pumps are typically inserted vertically into the process media, but can be mounted
horizontally as well. They are often used in applications where the material that is pumped
assists in creating the motive force needed to move through the pump. For example, in marine
applications, jet pumps are used to transfer seawater. In home applications, they are used to move
wastewater up to the sewer line. A float level sensor and switch are used to turn on the pump.
Jet Pumps Search Form
Search manufacturer catalogs by these specifications:
Maximum Discharge Flow:
74 GPM and up

Maximum Discharge Pressure:

44 to 61 psi
61 to 82 psi
82 psi and up

Inlet Size:
2 to 2 inch
1 to 2 inch
2 inch and up

Horsepower:
2 HP and up

Pump Type:
Booster Pumps
Water Pumps

Deep Well Pumps

Shallow Well Pumps

System?
Required
Must Not Have

Description/ Specification of Reciprocating Pump

Technical Parameters of our Reciprocating Pump :1. Suction Head : 25 mm
2. Delivery Head : 20 mm
3. Output : 1730 LPH
4. Suction Lift : 7 meters
5. Total Head : 36 meters
6. Motor Required : HP
7. Pump Bore : 40 mm
8. Stroke : 45 mm
9. Speed : Constant

Sample Availability

: Yes

Supplier Product Code

: DEEP-07

Pump

RECIPROCATI
NG PUMP

MONOBLOCK
PUMP

Specifications
Length (mm) : 510-750
Width (mm) : 360-430
Height (mm) : 715-1150
Diameter (mm) : 63.5-200
Strokes per minute (numbers) :
40-45
Discharge per stroke (I) : 0.30
Discharge (l/min) : 12-14
Water depth maximum (m) : 62
Water depth optimum (m) : 2834
Weight (kg) : 32-43
Suction size (mm) 50-125
Delivery size (mm) 40-125
Impeller diameter (mm) 185300
Total head (m)
4-45
Discharge (l/sec) 1.4- 73
Revolution per minute 13801430
Motor rating (kW) 1.5- 7.5

Uses
Reciprocating pumps are used
to lift water from underground
sources; therefore, if the water
level is deep, the pump
cylinder has to be lowered
close to water surface to
reduce the suction
head. The number of cylinders
can be increased according to
power sources.

Monoblock pumps are used for

agricultural purposes. These
are also suitable for domestic
and
industrial applications of
pumping water

THE END
SUCTION
PUMP

SELF PRIMING
CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

Suction size
(mm)
Delivery size
(mm)
Impeller
diameter
(mm)
Total head
(m)
Discharge
(l/sec)
Revolution
per minute
Motor rating
(kW)
Stationary
type
Discharge
(l/min)

65-100
50-100

109-300
6-30
4.2-38.0
1400-2870
0.75-6.5

10-600
3-244

Total
dynamic
head (m)

0.37 -22.0

Power (kW)
Portable type
Suction size
(mm)
Delivery size
(mm)
Maximum
suction
head(m)
Maximum
total head
(m)
Maximum
discharge
(I/min)
Power (hp)
Weight (kg)
Uses

The end suction pump is used

for lifting of water from open
wells and boreholes for
irrigation, domestic and
industrial applications.

50-75
50-75
7-8
20-30
380-1115
1.5-5, engIne
26-56

The pump is used for water

supply in hilly areas, small
villages and multistoried
buildings,
sprinkler irrigation, domestic
water supply and general
industrial use for pumping
water

TURBINE
PUMP

Diameter of tube well (mm) :

150-900
Discharge (I/min) : 150-62000
Head per stage (m) : 1.2-49.0
Speed (rpm) : 960-2880

It is used for lifting of water

from tube wells, open wells for
irrigation, domestic and
industrial applications.

JET PUMP

Bore well
size (mm)
Suction lift
(m)
Discharge
head(m)
Discharge
(l/miD)
Power (hp)

The jet pump is used for

lifting .of water from shallow
and deep wells for irrigation
and
domestic applications.

75-115
9-30
12-18
14-45
0.5-1.0

Valve and control

device

Function

Required

Recommended

Isolating valve

Manually operated
valve to isolate one
section of the
system

At the property
boundary for all
mains connected
installations

At the entry point

to the building
At a supply tank

At the hot water

Adjacent to tank
outlet where there is cylinder
on-site supply
Any other fixture
where frequent
maintenance is
required
Pressure limiting
valve

Limits the pressure With mains pressure

within pre-set range systems where the
water pressure could
exceed the pressure
rating of the pipe

Where mains
pressure is very
high or fluctuates
excessively

material or hot water

cylinder
Non-return valve

Line strainer

Prevents reverse
flow within or from
the system

At the hot water

cylinder to prevent
water from the
cylinder from
returning to the
water main or being
delivered from cold
water outlets if
mains supply fails

At the property
boundary
At any pump

Filters particles of
Where other valves
solid matter from
could be damaged
the water to protect by solid materials
other valves further
downstream

At the entry point

to the building

Pressure reducing
valve

Reduces the
pressure to a preset level

To provide
balanced low
pressure cold
water to other
fixtures on the
same system

Expansion control
valve (cold water)

Releases pressure in On any valve-vented

the cold water feed hot water cylinder
pipe caused by the
expansion of water
in the storage water
heater cylinder
during normal
operation

Pressure relief
valve (PRV)

Releases pressure in
the storage cylinder
if it rises above the
pre-set limit

To reduce mains
pressure on a low
pressure hot water
system

On low pressure
(<120 kPa) valvevented hot water
systems that do not
incorporate an open

At the hot water

cylinder on all
systems

Retrofitted to all
existing valvevented hot water
cylinders (low
and mains
pressure)

vent pipe
Temperature/press
ure relief valve
(TPR)

Operates above a
On valve-vented hot
pre-set temperature water systems >120
and pressure
kPa

Temperature
Controls the
limiting thermostat temperature of the
water

On the hot water

delivery to all
personal hygiene
fixtures and on
wetback installations

All valve-vented
systems (low and
mains pressure)
On all hot water
delivery to
personal hygiene
fixtures