Math 2280 - Assignment 13

Dylan Zwick
Spring 2014
Section 9.1 - 1, 8, 11, 13, 21
Section 9.2 - 1, 9, 15, 17, 20
Section 9.3 - 1, 5, 8, 13, 20

Section 9.1 Periodic Functions and Trigonometric

Series
-

9.1.1

Sketch the graph of the function f defined for all t by the given
formula, and determine whether it is periodic. If so, find its smallest
period.
-

f(t)

Solution

Periodic with period

fl.

sin3t.

9.1.8

Sketch the graph of the function f defined for all t by the given
formula, and determine whether it is periodic. If so, find its smallest
period.
-

f(t)

Solution

sinhiit.

Not periodic.

9.1.11

The value of a period 2ir function f(t) in one full period is given
below. Sketch several periods of its graph and find its Fourier series.
-

f(t) =1,

Solution

Just the constant function 1. The Fourier series for this will be just 1,
but lets formally calculate it anyways.
1
=
0
a

ir

1
dt=(n(r))=2.

1:

For n

1
=

7T

f?r

cos(nt)dt=

=00=0.
--

pir

sin (nt)dt

1
sin(nt)

1
cos

(nt)

(cos (nir)

fl71

0.

So, the Fourier series for 1 is:

a.
-

cos

(nt) +

Wow!
4

sin

(ni)

9
=

1.

cos (nir))

9.1.13

The value of a period 2ir function f(t) in one full period is given
below. Sketch several periods of its graph and find its Fourier series.
-

71<t<O

f(t)={

Solution

-Fr

?J7

The Fourier coefficients are:

ao

ff(t)dt

f
1

dt=

1.

1:

For n

1
=

ff(t)coS(nt)dt

ir

J
00
=

71
r

f(t) sin (nt)dt

iF

sin (nt)

0.
sin (nt)dt

(2
1
(cos(nit)1) J
0

1
cos(nt)
flit

noaa
neven

So, the Fourier series is:

1
2
-+2

it

(sill(t)

+ sin(3t) + sin(5t)

fliT-

1
=

iT

it

cos(nt)clt

+...).

10

The value of a period 2ii- function f(t) in one full period is given
below. Sketch several periods of its graph and find its Fourier series.

9.1.21

,
2
f(t)=t

<t<n

The Fourier coefficients are:

1 fir
0
a

For

in

dt
2
I t

I
0
in

t dt

3
t

2n
2
3

> 1:

a
2 (t
2

sin

(nt)

11

2 cos (nt)dt
t
2 sin (nt) \

2t cos (nt)

}0\

4(_1)Th

2
t

2 (2in cos (nm)

2

sin

(nt)dt

(Odd function.)

So, the Fourier series is:

4icos(t)
3
\\

cos(2ri)
cos(3t)
+
4
9

cos(4t)
+...
16

Section 9.2
gence
9.2.1

General Fourier Series and Conver

The values of a periodic function f(t) in one full period are given
below; at each discontinuity the value of f(t) is that given by the
average value condition. Sketch the graph of f and find its Fourier
series.
-

f(t)={

2 3<t<O
2
O<t<3

Solution

The function f(t) is odd, so all the cosine terms will be 0. The sine
terms are:
n7rt\
2 1
n7rt
1
f(t)sin()dt=J 2sin)dt

3 3
bfl=-I
4

f3

sin

nt
1

1 dt

\\3)

nir

(1))
=

nodd

The Fourier series for f(t) is:

8/. /t
(sin I

1.

sin

1
/3irt\
)+sin()+).

even

9.2.9

The values of a periodic function f(t) in one full period are given
below; at each discontinuity the value of f(t) is that given by the
average value condition. Sketch the graph of f and find its Fourier
series.
-

1<t<1

,
2
f(t)t
Solution

The function f(t) is even, so all the sine terms in its Fourier series are
zero. As for the cosine terms we have:

fiN

= I t
0
a
dt=
2
=II=.
3
3J
3
3
ii

a
=

2 sin (riirt)
ft

2 cos (nt)dt
t

2 cos (nt)dt
t

2 sin (nirt) N

2t cos (nlft)
2 2
fir

3 3
fiT

4(_1)Th

Jo

ff
f
2

So, the Fourier series for the function f(t) is:

cos (2irt)

4 /

cos (irt)

cos (3irt)
9

2 2
fiT

cos (nn)

9.2.15

(a)

Suppose that f is a function of period

o <t < 2ir. Show that
f(t)rrr-

+4

Ti
2

with f(t)

2
t

for

sin nt

cos nt
47r:

n=1

n=1

and sketch the graph of f, indicating the value at each disconti

nuity.
(b)

Deduce the series summations

2

1Ti
=
6
m=1

and
n+1

p212
72=1

from the Fourier series in part (a).

Solution
(a)

Sketch of the graph:

-ZTI

The Fourier coefficients are:

Yir

 2
8 2
1 t3 
=
t dt =
.
3 0
3
0
Z
1 2 2
t cos (nt)dt =
an =
0

2
1 t2 sin (nt) 2t cos (nt) 2 sin (nt) 
+

n
n2
n3
0
4
9 cos (2n)
= 2.
=
n2
n
Z 2
1
t2 sin (nt)dt =
bn =
0
 2
2
1
t cos (nt) 2t sin (nt) 2 sin (nt) 

n
n2
n3
0
4
4 cos (2n)
= .
=
n
n
1
a0 =

So, the Fourier series for the function f (t) is:

X
a0 X
+
an cos (nt) +
bn sin (nt)
2
n=1
n=1

X
X
4 2
cos (nt)
sin (nt)
=
+4
4
.
2
3
n
n
n=1
n=1

(b) - The averaged value of our function at t = 0 is

So,

X
4 2
1
2 =
+4
3
n2
n=1
2

2 X 1
=
.
2
6
n
n=1

At t = we get:
10

4 2 + 0
= 2 2 .
2


X
(1)n
4 2
+4
=
3
n2
n=1
2

X
2
(1)n
=4
3
n2
n=1

2 X (1)n
=
12 n=1 n2

2 X (1)n+1
=
.
12 n=1
n2

11

9.2.17

(a)

Supose that f is a funciton of period 2 with f(t)

2. Show that

f(t)

t for 0 <t

<

sin n_irt

and sketch the graph of f, indicating the value at each disconti

nuity.
(b)

Substitute an appropriate value of t to deduce Leibnizs series

11

it

4
Solution Sketch of the graph:
-

(a)

-L[

The Fourier coefficients will be:

ao=I

2
t21

tdt= =2.

aflJ

tcos(nirt)=

flit

cos(2nir)\

(2sin(2nir)

t sin (nirt)

2_i2

I2t5ffi
0

(o +

cos (flirt)

7_i 2
it

10

_i2_i2)

it2it2i2it2

(tcos (nirt)
sin (nt)N
+ 22
nit

12

)L

2
nit

0.

So, the Fourier series for f (t) is:

X
a0 X
+
an cos (nt) +
bn sin (nt)
2
n=1
n=1

2 X sin (nt)
=1
.
n=1
n

(b) - If we plug in t =

1
we get:
2

1
2 X sin n
2
=1
2
n=1
n

2 X sin n
1
2

=
n=1
n
2

1 1 1
X sin n
2
= 1 + + .
=
4
n
3 5 7
n=1

13

9.2.20

Derive the Fourier series given below, and graph the period 2ir
function to which the series converges.
-

cosnt

2
3t

6irt+27r
2
12

(0 < t < 2ir)

Solution If we take the even extension of f(t)

-

must have b,,

2
f

2
3t

0 for all n, and

2
(3t

6irt + 2712)
dt
12

1 (8712

2:

3
t

127r2 4ir
2

12

(
)=.

671t + 2712
we
12

1
3irt + 271 2 tN

27r

12

As for the a terms, these are (after a nasty integral, which you can
do using Mathematica)
1
=

71J0

2 2
f3t
6irt+2ir

\
12

cos

(nt)dt

So, the Fourier series for the even extension is:

cos

n=1

Graph:

13

(nt)

1
=

fl

Section 9.3 Fourier Sine and Cosine Series

-

9.3.1

For the given function f(t) defined on the given interval find the
Fourier cosine and sine series of f and sketch the graphs of the two
extensions of f to which these two series converge.
-

f(t) =1,

O<t<ir.

Solution Even extension

-

Cosine series:

=
0
a
7t

,
7
a

0.

dt=2,

(See problem 9.1.11)

So, the cosine series is:

a
0
2
Wow!

0
J

Odd extension:
0

11

The sine series has coefficients:

2 f

sin(nt)dt

2
cos(nt)
fl7t

710
4
n7r

n odd
n even

So, the sine series is:

4/

(sin(t) +

Sill

(3t) +

15

sin (5t) +

).

9.3.5

For the given function f(t) defined on the given interval find the
Fourier cosine and sine series of f and sketch the graphs of the two
extensions of f to which these two series converge.
-

10

f(t)rr 1

10

0<t<1
1<t<2
2<t<3

Solution Even extension:

-

(9

The cosine series will have the coefficients:

f(t)dt=

0=

f
2

2 2
2
nirt
an=f f(t)cos()dtf

/
\
inirt
Shill
I

2
Sin
flhi

fl71

(0

nir

2/3
T1T

rurt
3

/2nir

)
3
i\

S1fl--

6k.6k+1,6k+3.6k+5
n 6k + 2
n = 6k +4

So, the cosine series is:

(2irt)
12/(1
cos
2
3
ir
3

1
4

cos

16

(4irt)

/8rrt

+COS\__

-...

The odd extension is:

C)

The sine series will have coefficients

2

flq

f(t)sin

Jo

fl71

==

2
7ritI

-cos

2f2

()dt=
2

sin

3J

2nn

=
={ =
0

Ti

TL7

nir

6k, 6k + 2, 6k + 4
6k+ 1,6k+5
n
6k +3

The sine series is:

2/. /irt
I sin I

Ti

sin

/37rt
I

\\3

17

dt
fir

/n7rtN

/5irt

cos

())

9.3.8

For the given function f(t) defined on the given interval find the
Fourier cosine and sine series of f and sketch the graphs of the two
extensions of f to which these two series converge.
-

,
2
f(t)=tt

O<t<1

Solution The even extension is:

-

The cosine series has the coefficients:

=2

f(t

)dt
2
t

( )
{
-

an=2f(t_t2)cos(1lt)dt=

even

The integral above can be evaluated with a good graphing calculator,

a computer, Wolfram alpha, integrals.com, or by hand with a cou
pie integrations by parts. I just cut to the chase. The corresponding
Fourier cosine series will be:
1

4 /cos (2t)
cos (47rt)
+
4
16

18

The odd extension is:

-1

The sine series has the coefficients:

2 [(t
0
J

)
2
t

sin

(nnt)dt

The corresponding Fourier sine series will be:

8 /

sin(t)+

sin

(3nt)
+
27

19

(5nt)
125

sill

n odd
neveri

The odd extension is:

The sine series has the coefficients:

bn = 2

1
2

(t t ) sin (nt)dt =

8
n3 3

n odd
n even

The corresponding Fourier sine series will be:

8
3


sin (3t) sin (5t)
sin (t) +
+
+ .
27
125

20

9.3.13 - Find a formal Fourier series solution to the endpoint value problem
x + x = t

x(0) = x(1) = 0.

Solution - We note that sin (nt) has value 0 at t = 0 and t = 1 for all
n, so well want to use the sine series.

x(t) =

an sin (nt)

n=1

x (t) =

an (n2 2 ) sin (nt).

n=1

The Fourier coefficients for the sine series of t are:

bn = 2

1

2(1)n+1
t cos (nt) sin (nt) 
=
+
.
t sin (nt)dt = 2

n
n2 2
n
0

Plugging these into our differential equation we get:

2(1)n+1
n
n+1
2(1)
an =
.
n(1 n2 2 )

an (1 n2 2 ) =

So,

2 X (1)n sin (nt)

.
x(t) =
n=1 n(n2 2 1)
21

9.3.20 - Substitute t = /2 and t = in the series

X
X
1 4 2 t2
(1)n
(1)n
t =
2
cos
nt
+
2
,
4
4
24
12
n
n
n=1
n=1

< t < ,

to obtain the summations

X
4
1
=
,
n4
90
n=1

X
(1)n+1
n=1

n4

7 4
,
720

and
1+

For t =

1
24

1
1
4
1
+
+
+

=
.
34 54 74
96

we get:
2


4
16

2
=
12

2
4

X
(1)n
n=1

n4

cos

 n 
2

+2

Now,

cos

 n 
2

n = 4k
1
1
n = 4k + 2
=

0 n = 4k + 1, 4k + 3

So,
22

X
(1)n
n=1

n4