General Description and Historical Significance

Vicinity of Quiapo Church and Plaza Miranda

The Quiapo Church

The Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene has been the official name of Quiapo Church since
1988. Originally named the Parish of St John the Baptist, a church made of light materials was
constructed in the approximate area where the Quiapo Church now stands. The Church had
undergone several physical reconstructions due to a fire incident in 1603, an earthquake in 1645,
another fire in 1791, and a demolition in 1863, to give way to the subsequent construction of a stone
structure in 1864. This structure was unfortunately burned down in a fire in 1929. In the same year, a
Baroque-style edifice of steel and concrete was constructed using plans drawn by architect Juan
Nakpil. The structure was completed in 1935 and it is the same church that we see today. i
According to Engr. Vicente Malilin of the Physical Planning office of Quiapo Church, some time
in 1984, the church was renovated and expanded, in order to accommodate the growing number of
devotees. The side easements were thus incorporated into the church structure, and the original
perimeter walls were reinforced, and these became the side walls of the renovated church. ii
Quiapo Church acquired the sculpture of the Black Nazarene from the Recollect Fathers in
1767. It was carved by a Mexican artist who depicted Christ as having the dark skin tone of a
Mexican.iii The original image of the Black Nazarene is credited for countless miracles and answered
favors, making it very popular with the Filipinos. This popularity with the devotees became the basis
for its adoption as the patron of the parish, replacing St. John the Baptist.
On the latest estimate, Quiapo Church brought together approximately eight million devotees
of the Black Nazarene during its feast day procession this year. It is the uncontested biggest crowd
drawer among all known religious pilgrimages in the country. The usual monthly first Friday devotion
day mass alone leads to a jam-packed church bursting at the seams for all masses that are held
hourly round the clock. (refer to photo 01)
Post World War II Quiapo and Plaza Miranda
Quiapo Church was among the few structures spared during the bombing of Manila in 1944.
When the war ended and the Philippines was subsequently liberated from the Japanese forces,
rehabilitation began under the direction of Pres. Sergio Osmena.

In the aftermath of the war, blue collar work was scarce in the rural areas due to the destruction
of systems that operated industries. Laborers begun to flock to Manila is search of jobs, and occupied
land to form squatter colonies in the fringes of the city. Manila became congested and soon,
government had to step in to control the informal economies occupying the present day Plaza
Miranda.
The nearby Osmena Park was transformed into Central Market, by then Mayor Manuel de la
Fuente, to rid Plaza Miranda of its vendors. This is the first known intervention that the state
implemented to preserve the image of the plaza. It was then when Plaza Miranda began gaining
prominence as a venue for political demonstrations in the mid 1940's. It was here where President
Osmena delivered his only campaign speech; and the same plaza where a grenade was hurled at
President Roxas' political rally in support of the Constitutional amendment.iv
Plaza Miranda, the public square in front of, and on the western side of the Minor Basilica of
the Black Nazarene, was named after Jose Sardino y Miranda.
Little is known of his
accomplishments, save that he served as the secretary of the treasury between 1833-1854, based on
an inscription written on stone on the base of the 35-foot obelisk.
The plaza was dubbed the Freedom Park by Mayor Lito Atienza, after he redeveloped the
area in year 2000. In commemoration of the Plaza Miranda bombing in 1971, monuments were
erected to give credit to those who fought for freedom during the Martial Law years, including those
whose lives had been lost in the name of freedom.

Location Map

East

North

West

South

Boundaries
The study area shall include the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene, the Plaza Miranda area, and
the structures and buildings within its immediate vicinity. It is bounded on the north by Pedro Paterno
Street, to the east by Quezon Boulevard, to the south by R. Hidalgo Street, and to the west by
Evangelista Street. The study area is approximately 8,063 square meters.
Present day Quiapo
In spite of efforts made by Mayor Lito Atienza to revitalize Manila, his efforts still fell short of
what is really needed to bring Quiapo back to its former glory. The commercial activity may still be
there, given the unperturbed stream of people who still pass through this area. But, the indicators of
urban blight and decay are far too pervasive to ignore. (refer to photo 02)
Period art deco structures such as the Life Theatre and the Times Theatre, formerly the venue
for premiere screenings of blockbuster films, are nothing more than a mere reminder of what had been
in the days of old. The once stylish old residences of the moneyed class on Bautista, Hidalgo, Aguila
and Arlegui streets are literally falling apart from neglect. Private heritage conservation groups have
stepped in but they can only do so much for these treasures. (refer to photos 03 and o4)
The upper floors of old buildings along Quezon Boulevard have been converted to residential
units. The usual takers are low income residents whose economic status have somewhat improved
over time, thus giving them the luxury of renting rather than squatting in a colony of shanties near the
estuaries. Their lifestyle and old habits have nonetheless remained with them, so it is quite ordinary to
see half naked men posing from the windows of their residential units, completely oblivious of whoever
is looking at them. From their windows are clothes let out to dry naturally in the pollution-filled Manila
air. The ground floor units have remained commercial, and are occupied by used clothing stores,
pawnshops, small restaurants, a salon/barbershop and sari-sari stores that cater to the needs of its
upper floor residents. (refer to photo 05)
Buildings on the south and western sides of the church have remained commercial, due to the
steady stream of patrons who come to the area to shop and to attend religious services. These are
the buildings that are bordering the Plaza Miranda area. The F&C Tower (Picache Building), Mercury
Drug Building and the Manila City Plaza, Felipe Guanzon Building are but some of the old buildings
which have remained commercial in their land use classification.
These buildings house
entrepreneurs who are engaged in the selling of cellphones, tablets, electronic gadgets, cameras,
jewelry, beauty products, clothes and food. These constitute the formal economies in the area, if we
are to base it on the fact that they went through the process of securing business permits and other
documentary requirements from the government. It is unclear though if these business do remit their
taxes faithfully and correctly since most of them do not issue official receipts, with the exception of
established businesses like Mercury Drug and large food chains such as Jollibee, Dunkin Donuts and
Mang Inasal. (refer to photo 06)
The Informal Economies
Quiapo is particularly known for a number of specialized vendors who sell goods and services
that can only be found in Quiapo. They belong to several categories, namely: the belief vendor, the
medicine woman, the fortune teller, the entertainment pirate, and the flower vendor.
The belief vendor sells anything from Catholic religious images of the Black Nazarene or
various sizes, souvenir items such as devotee t-shirts, handkerchief and fans with the image of the
Black Nazarene, to religious medals and talismans with occult origins. They market their goods on
the basis of its potential powers to ward off negative energies and spirits, protection from bad
elements and misfortunes, as well as magnets for positive energies and good luck. In a book entitled
Quiapo: Heart of Manila, author Karl de Mesa discusses in detail the different type and powers of each

known anting-anting being sold in Quiapo. He goes further in detail by differentiating between
amulets and talismans, on the basis of one's intentions. a talisman is either offensive or defensive,
whereas an amulet is always defensive and/or protective...v (refer to photo 07)
The medicine woman is actually a herbalist engaged in the sale of organic health supplements
and alternative medicines. They have a myriad of roots, barks, fruits, leaves and tea concoctions that
cure anything from simple headaches, flu-like symptoms, balding, body odor, skin diseases, to life
threatening diseases such as cancer. (refer to photo 08)
According to Heling Quicho she has been in this business for about 30 years, and she has
learned the finer details of her business as a seller or tindera in her younger years. She sources her
goods from the provinces, while some are delivered to her stall on certain days. Her daily income is
relative to the day of the week and special occasions. On a regular day she earns about P500.00 net;
and on Fridays and Sundays when most devotees come to pay homage, she earns about P800.001,000.00 pesos.
On the sensitive issue of the sale of abortive drugs and concoctions, Heling Quicho adamantly
said that she never sold any. She is herself a devotee of the Black Nazarene and cannot fathom the
thought of being an instrument to commit a grievous sin. For fear for her own safety, in private, she
confessed to knowing that the practice of selling the abortive drug, Cytotec still persists to this day, in
spite of the ban. This validates the claims made by the Church that there is still rampant selling of the
abortive drug in the area.vi While conducting the interview, the writer witnessed an actual sale of the
Cytotec drug to a well-dressed man of about 35 years of age. The transaction lasted no longer than a
minute and the seller was as casual as selling a menthol candy to a passerby.
In the course of preparing this study, the writer had the chance of interview Bro. Rommel, a
thirty four year mystic, who has been engaged in foretelling the future for around 11 years. He reveals
that fortune telling to his is a mission that his parents have passed on to him. He is knowledgeable in
the fields of numerology, feng shui, western astrology, palmistry and tarot reading. His usual clients
are women who are 30 years old and above. The usual concerns which he is asked to foretell
involves: 1. lovelife, particularly philandering husbands; 2. family, specifically problematic children; 3.
Finances; 4. Health and 5. Overseas travel for work.
He personally follows an etiquette on the subjects of gayuma. He only performs such rituals if the
intention is to win back ones own husband. He does not perform the ritual to condone illicit affairs.
He charges P50.00 for palm reading and P100 for tarot reading. During the
peak months of January to April, he earns about P600.00 a day; but when business is slow,
sometimes, he earns less than his bus fare to Quiapo and back. (refer to photo 09)
The retail sale of DVD is still rampant in and around Quiapo. According to SPO1 Eduardo
Trinidad, they are only called upon by the Optic Media Board, if they have to serve a warrant and
apprehend mass producers of pirated DVDs, specifically those who have copying machines that churn
out DVDs by the hundreds or thousands. Retailers along Carriedo still openly sell DVDs while those
from R. Hidalgo are more cautious in their dealings with buyers. They refuse to answer questions as
to where they get their supply.
Before there was Dangwa, people used to flock to Quiapo to buy flowers. According to
flower vendor, Baby, flower sales have declined to record levels the past years. She attributes it to
the fact that flowers are not a necessity and money doesnt come easy these days. She further
explains that they gamble their capital on a daily basis since they are marketing perishable good. The
real stable income comes from phone in orders for wreaths from businesses and government
agencies. The downside is, more often than not, the payment is deferred.

Methodological Approach
The exploratory study will be based on first-hand data gathered through key informant
interviews, personal observations, photographs; as well as second-hand information from books,
digital sources such as websites, geographical application software and news articles.
II.

Positive Spatial Features

Its location and connectivity are the best features of the development.
Quiapo is the transport hub of Manila, the heart of which is Plaza Miranda. As the saying
goes, All roads lead to Quiapo.. With the exception of air transport, practically all known means of
public transport is available within walking distance from Plaza Miranda-- from pedicabs that take
commuters a few blocks to their destination to mass transit systems that bring them outside the
metropolitan limits. (refer to photo 10)
Mass Transit System
Quiapo can be accessed by mass transit via LRT 1 (green line) at Carriedo Station; MRT 2
(blue line) at Recto Station; and PNR (orange line) though connections in Blumentritt (LRT1), Santa
Mesa (MRT2), and Edsa (MRT3). These mass transit stations connect Quiapo to as far south as
Calamba, Laguna; northward towards Caloocan; and eastward towards Marikina.
Through
connections with MRT 3, the general public has a means to travel to the cities of Caloocan, Quezon
City, Pasig, San Juan, Mandaluyong, Makati, Taguig and Pasay.
By Bus
There are public utility buses that pass through Quezon Boulevard (R8) which ply the Fairview
Baclaran route; Alabang Quiapo route; Taytay Quiapo route via Cainta and Cainta Quiapo
route via Ortigas Avenue, Pandacan-Quiapo and Taytay-Quiapo.
Due to recent traffic decongestion efforts by the local government of Manila, it has restricted
bus companies without franchises and terminals in the city from entering its jurisdiction. In lieu of
company-owned bus terminals, Mayor Joseph Estrada offered the use of a privately-owned multimodal Park and Ride terminal near Lawton for a fee of P75.00 per bus. Presently, bus companies
bound south pick up passengers from Lawton station, which is a stone's throw away from Quiapo
Church and Plaza Miranda.

BY FX TAXIS
FX taxis to Megamall, Pasig, Fairview, SM North Edsa and Cubao are also available from
Quezon Boulevard. A few blocks west of Quiapo Church is Rizal Avenue (R9) where FX taxis to and
from Caloocan and beyond ply the route.
BY JEEPNEY
There are numerous jeepney routes that pass through Quezon Boulevard headed for Manila to
the southeast; Pasay to the south; Blumentritt and A. Bonifacio to the north; Quezon City to the
northwest and Pasig to the west. From P. Paterno street, there are jeepneys that ply the QuiapoDivisoria route to service merchants who purchase their wares from Divisoria. Please refer to the
table of routes for a detailed summary.
Usual Causes of Traffic
Based on the new traffic rules in Manila, public utility vehicles are prohibited from stopping
whether to drop off or pick up passengers along Quezon Boulevard. The public utility buses normally
abide by the rule, and drop off commuters either on Lerma Street or Lawton Terminal only. On the
other hand, smaller vehicles like FX taxis and jeepneys ignore the policy completely. These vehicles
still tend to crowd near Plaza Miranda and wait for passengers to ride their vehicles. They normally
hug the curb while waiting for passengers, then swerve to the left to be able to get to Quezon Bridge.
This criss-crossing of vehicles on the narrow access road to Palanca Street is one of the major
reasons traffic is always heavy in the area.
During rush hour, an illegal FX terminal is formed on the same narrow access road to the
underpass. Instead of forming queues on the curb, commuters stand on the road itself, thereby
constricting the flow of traffic even more
On the other side of Quezon Boulevard, heading north, commuters waiting for a ride stand on
the road and occupy about half the width of the road, causing a bottleneck and considerably reducing
the roads carrying capacity
BY FERRY
For those who prefer a more leisurely way to get around, there is always the Pasig Ferry
Service option. The ferry service was reactivated by MMDA in April 2014 in anticipation of the traffic
congestion expected in connection with the simultaneous construction of infrastructure projects in the
Metro. The ferry system currently has seven terminals from Plaza Mexico in Manila to Guadalupe,
Makati City. The nearest terminal from Quiapo is located behind the old post office building in Lawton.
Ferry service is only from 6:00 A.M. to 6:00 P.M., the daylight hours, perhaps due to safety reasons.
The local government is currently addressing the following issues.
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

Flooding - There is an on-going sewerage rehabilitation project on Paterno Street in order to

mitigate the effects of flooding in the area. (refer to photos 12-14)
Maintenance - The Lacson underpass is undergoing renovation. (refer to photo 15)
Environmental Sustainability - An eco-friendly pedestrian overpass was recently constructed near
the church.(refer to photo 16)
Safety and Security- Police visibility is especially evident during peak hours. Police personnel are
strategically detailed in places where crime is most likely to occur. There are CCTV cameras
installed in the area, (refer to photo 17) which are hooked up to the command center in City Hall.
The command center is manned 24/7.
Social Justice -The police is working hand in hand with civil society organizations in maintaining

peace and order during demonstrations.vii (refer to pic 18)

There is a good mix of small, medium and large scale enterprises. The business climate is
good in areas within the immediate vicinity of the church and the plaza.(refer to photo 19)
There are establishments that have gained a steady flow of clientele over time, specially those
businesses engaged in selling food, such as Globe lumpia, Ma Mon Luk, Excellente Ham to name a
few. (refer to photo 20)
The products sold in the surrounding shops are highly specialized, such as dental and optical
equipment and supply, electronics, sound systems, sports equipment and musical instruments,
costumes, cameras, militaria, handicrafts, organic herbal medicines to name a few.
Old trades are kept alive. The watch repairman, the jewelry and old coins merchant and the
rubber stamp maker are still being patronized in this section of the metro.
The pavement material for the plaza is durable. The flaming process of the granite makes it
appropriate for outdoor use.
Quiapo Church has its own Disaster Risk Reduction Command Center, which conducts biannual earthquake, bomb and fire drills. They are adequately trained in first aid, crowd control and
other disaster management. They have 3 K-9 dogs trained to sniff explosives. (refer to photo 23)
The Quiapo Church is structurally massive and imposing. It has a high historic, as well as a
cultural heritage value being the top pilgrimage site in the entire country. (refer to photo 24)
The plaza is an enduring symbol of freedom.
IV.

Negative Spatial Features

According to the theory of Lynch and Alexander, there are certain characteristics which must be
present in creating a centre. From the stand point of aesthetics, it must possess the principles of
cohesiveness, symmetry, emphasis and having a focal point. Functionally, it must be the hub of social

life and a place for diverse activities.viii

The lack of cohesiveness in design best describes the development. At the center of the
development is Quiapo Church, a structure built in the Baroque style of architecture. Upon its
renovation in 1984, the side elevations of the church failed to echo the intricacy of the ornamental
details of the facade, belfry and dome. The two other buildings of the complex namely, the Cardinal
Sin Building and St. John the Baptist Building, were renovated in a similar fashion as the church
extensions. These buildings lacked architectural detail, had rectilinear ballustrade and tegula brick
roofing. The fact that color was used to bring these structures together mitigated, but did not solve
the inconsistencies. (Refer to photo 26)
In relation to the buildings in the immediate vicinity, it is quite obvious that the structures were
constructed in different eras. The F&C Tower and Mercury Drug Building completely dwarfed all other
buildings fronting the plaza. The use of glass, aluminum composite panels and steel, which is
characteristic of modern buildings. further widened the gap. The archway on Villalobos street ruins
the view of the church. As if it is not bad enough, gigantic billboards and a humongous LED TV on
the Mercury Drug building exterior completes the anachronistic look. (Refer to the South photo of the
section on Boundaries)
The architectural colors of the buildings on the western side of the plaza stand out like toy
buildings made of Lego blocks. These buildings of concrete and glass, completely lacking in detail
have an even more contemporary look, as compared to the buildings on the south end. (Refer to the
West photo of the section on Boundaries)
Secondly, with regard to architectural features within the plaza, symmetry was not taken into
consideration in the design. The Plaza was haphazardly laid out which made it appear that the
elements were a mere afterthought. From the pavement pattern, there appears to be a driveway from
Quezon Boulevard right in front of the church. This driveway is distinctly marked by a large archway
which seems to be losing its right column and base. The archway terminates and disappears behind a
wall that covers a metal exhaust chimney. A few meters to the left of this driveway is a patch of green
space with a monument of a hand holding an infant and right above it, is another LED screen
billboard. There is an art piece on the left side of the Churchs portal and an exhaust chute on the
other. (Refer to North photo of section on Boundaries)
On the eastern side of the plaza is a 35-foot obelisk . At the summit is a woman holding the
lighted torch of freedom. Its mere height dictates that it is the focal point of the design, yet the
monument's placement is inconsistent to being the focal point. It is not in a place where everyone
can see. It can only be seen by those passing along Quezon Boulevard, heading towards City Hall.
As for the flamed granite pavement pattern, there was no clear reference point for the pattern.
It is not centered as far as the church entrance is concerned. Neither was the street fronting it
(Villalobos) used as the reference point. It's as if the pattern was designed without consideration of
the existing structures around the plaza. (Refer to photo 27)
The colonnade on the west and southern perimeter of the plaza does not conform with the
perfect rounded arches in the Baroque style, as seen in the church belfry. In effect, this colonnade
appears too flimsy and somewhat stretched. Symmetry was again not observed in its placement.
(Refer to South photo of section on Boundaries)
There is insufficient lighting. Lighting is provided by black colored rectangular floodlights which
are placed on top of the yellow colonnade. No effort was exerted to conceal these fixtures from plain
view. The Plaza relies on the glaring LED TV for artificial lighting. (Refer to photo 29)
The colors used for the monumental arches vary from off-white to icicle yellow.

The absence of a definitive focal point is its third negative feature. Elements such as the
church structure, the tall buildings and billboards all compete for attention. The layout does not follow
the enclosed square or centre concept, where the open area is enclosed by buildings on all corners,
and a portal and a special component are introduced to create a focal point. ix (Refer to South photo
on section on Boundaries)
The fourth negative feature is its understated tourism potential due to inadequate support
services. The Church itself is monumental. It is rich in history and tourism value. The plaza likewise
has its own historical value, yet all these are negated by factors such as a weak security program and
inadequate support services.
In order to promote an area for tourism, it is imperative that the safety and security of the
tourists be of paramount consideration. According to SPO3 Cura of the Manila Police District Station
3, the top three crimes in the area include, pickpocketing or theft, robbery-snatching and slight
physical injuries.x This is the main reason for the presence of a police outpost cum jail, housed in a
steel trans-shipment container which functions as a police station on the plaza grounds. Police
visibility is essential yet there is no decent designated area for support facilities such as a police desk
and a tourism desk. The lack of ample parking and street and directional signage are likewise issues.
The fifth negative feature is the absence of a sense of ownership of space. There is no clear
distinction between the plaza and the marketplace. The plaza has been turned into a chaotic area
where commerce has become the primary function. The government, in its bid to pacify its
constituents, had lost the battle to the vendors. Instead of imposing its power on developmental
control, the plaza has been turned into a marketplace annex. To make matters worse, the local
government has legitimized vending on the plaza grounds by renting out commercial space. (Refer to
photo 30)
There is indiscriminate dumping of garbage and unsightly cables are a common thing. Some
vendors behave as if it is their birthright to squat and set up shop wherever they choose. All these are
happening in a space that is dotted with the official seal of the local government. (Refer to photo 31)
The last negative feature is the plaza's inability to encourage social interaction. This negative
feature is only evident in the plaza area and not in the church, since worship is an interactive social
activity. The plaza lacks the basic elements of adequate greenery, a water feature or fountain, and
comfortable benches for seating. The only fixture intended for seating is a circular bench made of
rough slate, where people do not necessarily face each other while seated. (Refer to photo 32)
V.

Recommendations on How to Improve the Urban Development

In line with the National Framework for Physical Planning policy on increasing the levels of
production and productivity,
Identify Quiapo as a potential tourism area and provide the necessary infrastructure support.xi
2.
Retrofit and move for the adaptive re-use of old structures such as the old residences, the Life
Theatre and Times Theatre and other structures on the eastern side of the church. Organize heritage
tours, in coordination with the national and local tourism offices.
3.
Improve safety and security within and around the development.
4.
Construct a parking building near the Quinta Market area. Expropriate land if needed for this
purpose. Otherwise, use the Lawton area for parking and clear the Quezon Bridge of vagrants.
5.
Totally segregate the wet market from the plaza. Demolish the archways on Evangelista,
Carriedo, Quezon Blvd., R. Hidalgo and Villalobos. Instead, construct an enclosed public square with
a low-rise colonnaded perimeter strip that can neatly house flower vendor stalls, souvenir shops
among others.
6.
Designate Villalobos as the main portal of the square. Do not construct archways that can ruin
the view of the church from Villalobos street. Instead, pass an ordinance for the pedestrianization of

1.

Villalobos street. Adapt a theme for the shops facing this street that is consistent with the design of
the church.
7.
Create secondary openings for the square on R. Hidalgo, Quezon Blvd and Evangelista
streets. Mark these secondary entrances with planters and outdoor seating which are more in line
with the classical order.
8.
Clear Palanca street and designate the area as no parking zone.
9.
Provide public restrooms, a police and tourism office in the colonnaded square.
10.
Move vendors into buildings by vertically expanding Quinta Market.
11.
Remove all unsightly billboards, electronic or otherwise. Instead, designate a public
information board and set guidelines for its use.
12.
Introduce a grand fountain and provide landscaping in the middle of the plaza that is designed
in consonance with the facade of the church and the colonnade.
13.
Hold the Department of Public Services responsible for the physical maintenance of the area.
14.
Provide more thematic lighting source and ensure its adequacy.
15.
Provide more outdoor seating along the perimeter of the colonnade, but ensure that the area is
guarded to instill discipline among its users.
16.
Encourage banks to open an ATM machine facility in the area.

_____History of Quiapo Church 08 October 2014. quiapochurch.com. 13 October 2014

<quiapochurch.com:8080/MBBN/about/History of Quiapo Church
ii
Engr. Vicente Malilin, Interview by Cynthia Feliciano, Sept 30, 2014
iii
Pio Andrade, Jr. et al. Quiapo in the History of the Nation, Quiapo: Heart of Manila,,(Philippines, Quiapo
Printing, Inc. 2006), 44.
iv
Pio Andrade, Jr. et al. Quiapo in the History of the Nation Quiapo: Heart of Manila, (Philippines, Quiapo
Printing, Inc. 2006), 63-64
v
Karl R. de Mesa et al Street Magic, Quiapo: Heart of Manila, (Philippines, Quiapo Printing, Inc. 2006) 132
vi
Jeannette Andrade, 16 October 2014, http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/44591/devotees%e2%80%99-lament-quiaponow-hub-of-abortion-drugs
vii
Col. Arellano, Interview by Cynthia Feliciano, September 22, 2014
viii
Cliff Moughtin, Urban Design: Street and Square, (Oxford, Architectural Press, 1999) 89-90
ix
Cliff Moughtin , Urban Design: Street and Square, (Oxford, Architectural Press, 1999) 94-99
i

PO3 Cura, Phone interview by Cynthia Feliciano, October 15, 2014

National Land Use Committee National Economic and Development Authority, National Framework for
Physical Planning 2001-2030, (Philippines, 2002) 98

xi

Photo 01: Quiapo on a typical First Friday Mass

Photo 02: Signs of Urban Blight

Photo 03: The Villongco Building

Photo 04: The Boix House on Bautista Street

Photo 05: Repurposed residential units

Photo 06: F&C Building

Photo 07: Amulets and Talismans

Photo 09: The Fortune Teller

Photo 12 :Flooding along Quezon Blvd.

Photo 08: The Medicine Woman

Photo 10: Connectivity

Photo 13: Sewerage Rehabilitiation on Paterno Street

Photo 14: Sewerage Rehabilitation on Puyat Street

Rehabilitation

Photo16: Eco-friendly Overpass

Photo `15:Lacson Underpass

Photo 17: CCTV cameras on QuezonBlvd.

Photo 18: Prominent Labor Leader, Satur Ocampo

Photo 20a: Restaurants in Quiapo

Photo 20c: Restaurants in Quiapo

Photo 19: Manila Plaza Mall

Photo 20b: Restaurants in Quiapo

Photo 21: Specialty Shops

Photo 22: Watch Repair

Photo 24: Quiapo Church

Photo 26: Incoherence in design

Photo 23: Flood mapping of Quiapo

Photo 25: Freedom Obelisk

Photo 27: Lack of Reference Poin

Photo 28: Colonnade

Photo 30: Joseph Estrada Stalls

Photo 32: Outdoor Seating

Photo 29:Flood lights

Photo 31: Garbage