PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Risk
Factors
PREDISPOSING
FACTORS

PRECIPITATING
FACTORS

Age
Immunosuppressi
on
Systemic
Infection

Occupation
Repeated close
contact with
infected person
Recurrence of
infection
Leads toSubstance abuse

Inhalation/exposure
of M. Tuberculosis
through

Airway to alveoli

causing
Inflammatory
reaction &
phagocytosis

causing

Accumulation of
exudates in the
Alveoli

Ghon Tubercle
(Bacteria &
leads
Macrophages)

to

Necrosis (forming a
cheesy mass)

Calcification/Liquifica
tion

DIAGNOSIS

Tubercle Bacilli
Immunity develops
(2-6 weeks after
causing
infection)

Sputum Culture
Tuberculin Skin
Test
Chest X-ray

With Medical Intervention

Early
detection/diagnosis
Multi-bacterial
Therapy

Bacteria become
dormant

Leads to
Without Medical
Reactivation of the
Tubercle Bacilli (due to
repeated exposure to
infected individual,
immunosuppression)

causing
No
recurrence

MEDICATION

Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Streptomycin

recurrence

Ghon Tubercle Ulcerates

releasing
Cheesy material into
bronchi (bacterial
become airborne)

Inflammation of
lungs

PULMONARY
TUBERCULOSIS