Bab I Piping System

Training on Pipe Stress Analysis Using Caesar II

Bab I Piping System

1.1. Pendahuluan
Ribuan tahun yang lalu digunakan untuk
mengalirkan air sebagai kebutuhan air minum dan
irigasi.
Bambu digunakan di Cina sedangkan orang Persia
dan Romawi menggunakan aqueducts sebagai
bahan pipa.
400 SM Cina memakai bambu untuk mengalirkan
gas alam.
Mulai awal abad ke 18 teknologi bahan pipa
mengalami perkembangan yang pesat.
Training on Pipe Stress Analysis Using Caesar II

History

Bab I Piping System

First oil pipeline was built for the Nobel

brothers in Baku, 1878.
About 10 km and 76 mm diameter
Decreased transport cost with 95%
The whole pipeline was paid back in
one years time!!

1000 AC:
First known gas pipelines made of
bamboo, in Japan

Pipeline from Baku to the Black Sea in 1905

8 inch diameter & 800 km's long
Training on Pipe Stress Analysis Using Caesar II

Definition

Bab I Piping System

Modern Piping & pipeline Application

Piping that transports fluids between
offshore production facilities or between a
platform and a shore facility.

Training on Pipe Stress Analysis Using Caesar II

Bab I Piping System

1.2 Sekilas Tentang Sistem Perpipaan

Fungsi Pipa :
Untuk mengalirkan fluida (zat cair, gas) dari satu atau
beberapa titik ke satu atau beberapa titik lainnya
Pengaliran Fluida :
Tidak boleh bocor
Pengaliran fluida perlu ada perbedaan tekanan antara
titik awal dan titik akhir
Gesekan antara pipa dan fluida harus di atasi
Kedua hal di atas memerlukan energi
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Training on Pipe Stress Analysis Using Caesar II

Pipeline Design

Bab I Piping System

Parameter Design

Route
Survey

Enviromental Data

Thermal
Expansion

Wall Thickness

Buckling

PIPELINE DESIGN

Fatigue

Route
Selection
On Bottom-Stability

Cathodic
Protection

Material
Selection

Spanning

Training on Pipe Stress Analysis Using Caesar II

Bab I Piping System

Perbedaan Piping dengan Pipeline :

Piping memiliki ukuran panjang total yang
relatif pendek dan beroperasi pada suatu
plant.
Pipeline relatif lebih panjang dan berfungsi
untuk kebutuhan transmisi dan distribusi.
Diameter pipa untuk piping umumnya kecil
(< 18) sedangkan untuk pipeline relatif
besar (> 20)
Training on Pipe Stress Analysis Using Caesar II

Bab I Piping System

1.3. Piping Systems

Main Aspects

PFD P&ID
Routing
Design Loads
Fluid Flow Analysis
Wall Thickness Calculation
Stress Analysis
Flexibility & Exp Analysis
Support Systems
Material & Coating System
Fitting & Accessories
Metering
Etc.
Training on Pipe Stress Analysis Using Caesar II

Bab I Piping System

FPU Piping System

Training on Pipe Stress Analysis Using Caesar II

Bab I Piping System

FPSO - Belanak

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Bab I Piping System

Piping System dalam PLTN

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Bab I Piping System

1.4. Pipeline System

Onshore Pipeline
Offshore Pipeline

Jenis-jenis Pipeline

Flow lines
Inter-field lines
Export lines/trunk lines
Water injection/gas lift
Product lines

Lokasi

Fluida/Fungsi

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Bab I Piping System

Pipeline Main Aspects

PFD P&ID
Routing
Design Loads
Fluid Flow Analysis
Wall Thickness Calculation
Stress Analysis
Flexibility & Exp Analysis
Support Systems
Material & Coating System
Fitting & Accessories
Metering
On-bottom stability

Global & local Buckling

Installation Analysis
Trenching & Burial Analysis
Crossing Analysis
Corrosion Protection

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Offshore
(Deep Sea)

Bab I Piping System

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Bab I Piping System

Onshore
Pipeline

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Bab I Piping System

1.5 Codes, Standard & Regulation.

Code:
A group of general rules or systematic standards for
design, materials, fabrication, installation and inspection
prepared in such a manner that it can be adopted by
legal jurisdiction and made into law.
Standard:
Documents prepared by a professional group having
requirements believed to be good and proper engineering
practice and which are written with mandatory
requirements (i.e., the verb shall is used.)
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Bab I Piping System

Recommended Practice:
Documents prepared by a professional group indicating
good engineering practices but which are optional (i.e., the
verb should is used)
Guides and Guidelines:
Documents by agencies, organizations, and committees
enumerating various engineering methods which are
considered good practice, without any specific
recommendation or requirement.
These guides may be used at engineers discretation.
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Bab I Piping System

Codes & Standards Yang Dipakai di USA.

ANSI B31 untuk piping
Power piping
Fuel gas piping
Process Piping
Refrigeration piping
Nuclear power piping (superseded by ASME,dll)
Building services piping

B31.1
B31.2
B31.3
B31.5
B31.7
B31.9

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Bab I Piping System

Code dan RP yang umum digunakan untuk pipeline:

ANSI/ASME CODE
ASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution Pipeline
ASME B31.4 Liquid-petroleum transportation piping system
ANSI B16.5 Pipe Flange and Flanged Fitting
DNV
DnV
DnV
DnV
DnV
DnV
DnV

1981 Rules For Submarine Pipeline Systems

OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems
RP F105 Free Spanning Pipelines
Rp E305 On Bottom Stability Design of Submarine Pipeline
RP B401 Cathodic Protection Design
RP F106 Coating Types

BS
BS 8010 Pipeline Sub-sea: Design, Construction and Installation
BS 4515 Field Welding of Pipelines on Land and Offshore
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Bab I Piping System

API (American Petroleum Institute)

API 5L

: API Specification for Line pipe

API 6D

: Specification for Pipeline valve, End closure,

Connectors, and swivels

API 526

: Relieving Systems in Refinery

API 527

: Flange Steel Safety Relief valves

API 601

: Dimensions for Spiral Wound Gaskets

API 1104

: Welding of Pipeline and Related Facilities.

API RP 6F

: Recommended Practice for Fire Test for Valve

API RP 5L2

: Recommended Practice Internal Coating of Line

Pipe for Gas Transmission Service

API RP 80

: Guidelines for the Definition of Onshore Gas

Gathering Lines
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Bab I Piping System

API RP 1102

: Steel Pipelines Crossing Railroads and Highways

API RP 1109

: Marking Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Facilities

API RP 1110

: Pressure Testing of Liquid Petroleum Pipelines

API RP 1111

: Design, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of

Off-shore Hydrocarbon Pipeline and Risers.

API RP 1117

: Movement of In-service Pipelines (Formerly Lowering InService Pipelines)

API RP 1130

: Computational Pipeline Monitoring for Liquids Pipelines

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Bab I Piping System

NACE RP (National Association of Corrosion Engineers)

NACE RP-01-92 : Control of External Corrosion on Underground or

Submerged Piping System

NACE RP 0169 : Control of External Corrosion on Underground or

Submerged Metallic Piping Systems

NACE RP-02-74 : High Voltage Electrical Inspection of Pipeline

Coating Prior to Installation.

NACE RP 0286 : Electrical Isolation of Cathodically Protected Pipelines
NACE RP 0200 : Steel-Cased Pipeline Practices
NACE RP 0375 : Wax Coating Systems for Underground Piping Systems
NACE RP 0394 : Application, Performance, and Quality Control of Plant-

Applied, Fusion-Bonded Epoxy External Pipe Coating.

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Bab I Piping System

NACE RP 0402 : Field-Applied Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (FBE)

Pipe Coating Systems for Girth Weld Joints:

Application, Performance, and Quality Control
NACE RP 0403 : Avoiding Caustic Stress Corrosion Cracking of

Carbon Steel Refinery Equipment and Piping

NACE RP 0602 : Field-Applied Coal Tar Enamel Pipe Coating

Systems: Application, Performance, and

Quality Control.

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Bab I Piping System

1.6 Badan Pembuat Codes, Standard

Standard & Codes untuk industri dipersiapkan dan
diterbitkan oleh professional societies, trade
organization & committee (pemerintah atau swasta).
Di USA ada > 200 organisasi yang menyusun
standard.
Standard yang disusun oleh organisasi-organisasi tsb
dapat menjadi standard nasional di USA jika sudah
disetujui oleh ANSI (American National Standard
Institute), dahulu ASA (American Standard
Association, 1918), berubah menjadi USASI (USA
Standard Institute, 1967) dan ANSI, 1969.
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Bab I Piping System

1.7 Tujuan Standard & Codes.

Tujuan Standard dan Codes :
Untuk mendapatkan kepastian agar sistem pipa
aman dan tidak membahayakan jiwa manusia.

Mengurangi
- Cost

Dalam pemilihan dan pemakaian

equipment, sistem material &
prosedure.

- Inconveniences
- Confusion

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Bab I Piping System

PIPING & PIPELINE LIFE CIRCLE PROCESS

Feasibility
Study

Independent
Design Appraisal

Inspection

Pre-Engineering
Survey

Front End
Engineering Design

Basic and Detail Design

Procurement, Construction/Installation

Testing/Commissioning

Operation

Abandonment

Decommissioning

Re-Qualification

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