CBSEClass11ChemistryThermodynamics

(ShortQ&A)
Q1:DefineThermodynamics
Answer:Itisaphysicalsciencethatdealswithquantitativerelation
betweenheatandmechanicalenergy.Itismainlybasedonthreelawsofthermodynamics.
Q2:Whichlawofthermodynamicsevaluatethermodynamicparameters?

Answer:ThirdLawofThermodynamics
Q3:WhichLawofThermodynamicsdealswithequivalenceofdifferentformsofenergies?
Answer:FirstLawofThermodynamics
Q4:StateZerothLaw.
Answer:Itstates"Twosystemsseparatelyinthermalequilibriumwiththethird
systemaresaidtobeinthermalequilibriumwitheachother."
IfsystemAandsystemBseparatelyareinthermalequilibriumwithanothersystem,
thensystemAandsystemBarealsointhermalequilibriumwitheachother.
Q5:Whatisthermochemistry?
Answer:Thermochemistryisabranchofthermodynamicswhichdealswiththerelationships
betweenchemicalreactionsandcorrespondingenergychanges.Itisbasedon1stlawofthermodynamics.
Q6:Nametwolawsofthermochemistry.
Answer:(i)LavosierandLaplaceLaw
(ii)Hess'sLaw
Q7:WhichLawofthermodynamicstellsaboutdirectionofchemicalchange?

Answer:2ndLawofthermodynamics.

Q8:WhatarethelimitationsofLawsofThermodynamics?
Answer:
1.Lawsareapplicableatmacroscopicleveli.e.onlytomatterinbulk.Itdoesnotapplytoindividualmoleculesoratoms.
2.Itdoesnottellanythingabouttherateofprocesswillchangenortellsaboutthetimetakentoreachequilibrium.
3.Concernswiththestates(initialandfinal)butdoesnotconcernaboutthepath.
4.Itfailstoexplaintowhichextentheatwillbeconvertedtoworkandviceversa.

Q9:WhatisaSystem?Whatareitsdifferenttypes?
Answer:Thepartoftheuniverseunderthermodynamicstudyiscalledasystem.Itisisolatedfrom
therestoftheuniversebywithaboundingsurface.
TypesofSystemare:
1.OpenSystem
2.ClosedSystem
3.IsolatedSystem
Q10:Identifyfromthefollowingwhichcanbeconsideredasopen,closedorisolatedsystem
i.iceinaclosedbeaker
ii.limekiln
iii.AnimalsandPlants
iv.iceinthermosflaskforfirstonehour.
Answer:
i.iceinaclosedbeaker:ClosedSystem
ii.limekiln:OpenSystem
iii.AnimalsandPlants:OpenSystem
iv.iceinthermosflask.:IsolatedSystem
Q11(MCQ):Whichofthefollowingistheintensiveproperty?
(a)temperature
(b)viscosity
(c)density
(d)allofthese
Answer:(d)allofthese

Q12(MCQ):Whichofthefolloingisanexampleofextensiveproperty?
(a)temperature
(b)density
(c)internalenergy

(d)surfacetension
Answer:(c)internalenergy

Q13:Defineintensiveproperty.Giveitsexamples.
Answer:Apropertywhichisindependentoftheamountofsubstance(s)presentinthesystem
iscalledintensiveproperty
Examplesare:temperature,pressure,density,viscosity,refractiveindex,concentration,
specificheat,surfacetensionetc.
Q14:Whichlawofthermodynamicsdescribesentropy?
Answer:SecondLaw.
Q15:Whichlawofthermodynamicsisabouttheabsolutezerotemperature?
Answer:ThirdLawofThermodynamics
Q16:Whatarestatefunctions?Giveexamplesofstatefunctions?
Answer:Thethermodynamicparameterwhichdependontheinitialandfinalstatesofthesystemandareindependent
ofhowthechangeisaccomplishedarecalledstatefunctions.
Examplesare:
InternalEnergy(U)
Enthalpy(H)
Entropy(S)
Pressure(P)
PotentialEnergy(PE)
Temperature(T)
Volume(V)
Q17(NCERT/NCERT):Choosethecorrectanswer.Athermodynamicstatefunctionisaquantity(i)usedto
determineheatchanges
(ii)whosevalueisindependentofpath
(iii)usedtodeterminepressurevolumework
(iv)whosevaluedependsontemperatureonly.
Answer:(ii)whosevalueisindependentofpath

Q18:Whatarepathfunctions?
Answer:Thesystemvariableswhichdependuponthepathofthesystemarecalledpathfunctionsorprocessfunctions.
Examplesare:work,heatandlength.

Q19:Whyispotentialenergyastatefunctionwhileworkisnot?
Answer:Anobjectataparticularheighthasfixedpotentialenergy(mgh),irrespectiveofthefacthowthatobjectis
broughttothatheight.Thereforepotentialenergydependsonthefinalstateandisastatefunction.Workdonetobring
thatobjecttothatheightmaybedifferenti.e.whetheritispickedupbyliftorbroughtbyaslope.Workisapathfunction.
Q20:Howwillyoudefinethermodynamicprocess?Whatareitstypes?
Answer:Theconversionofstateofsystemfromonetoanotheriscalledaprocess.Variousthermodynamicprocesses
are:
Isothermal
Adiabatic
Isobaric
IsoChoric
Cyclic
Inaddition,aprocessmaybeclassifiedas:
ReversibleProcess
IrreversibleProcess
Q21(MCQ):Thermodynamicsisapplicableto
(a)Onlytomicroscopicsystems
(b)Onlytomacroscopicsystems
(c)Onlytohomogeneoussystems
(d)Onlytoheterogeneoussystems
Answer:(b)Onlytomacroscopicsystems

Q22:WhatisaIsothermalProcesses?
Answer:Theprocessesinwhichthetemperatureremainsfixed,aretermedisothermalprocesses.
Theisothermalsystemisusuallyachievedbykeepingthesystemincontactwithathermostat(i.e.constanttemperature
bath).
Inisothermalprocess,T=0andU=0.
Q23:DefineAdiabaticProcess?
Answer:Theprocessinwhichnoheatcanflowintooroutofthesystem,iscalledadiabaticprocess.Itcanbeachieved
byrunningtheprocessinaninsulatedcontainerlikethermosflask.
Foranadiabaticprocessq=0

Q24(NCERT/MCQ):Fortheprocesstooccurunderadiabaticconditions,thecorrectconditionis:
(i)T=0
(ii)P=0
(iii)q=0
(iv)w=0

Answer:(iii)q=0
Underadiabaticconditionsnoheattransfertakesplace,q=0.
Q25:DefineIsobaricProcesses?
Answer:Isobaricprocessistheoneatwhichtheprocessiscarriesoutatconstantpressure.e.g.waterheatingtakes
placesinanopenvesselunderatmosphericpressureisanisobaricprocess.
InanIsobaricprocessP=0
Q26:WhatisanIsochoricProcess?
Answer:TheprocessinwhichthevolumeremainsconstantisknownasIsochoricprocess.
e.g.asubstanceisheatedinanonexpandingcontainerwillhaveanisochoricsyste,
InIsochoricprocessV=0andW=0.
Q27:Whatfactorsdeterminethestateofathermodynamicsystem?
Answer:Thefactorsare:
AbsolutePressure(P)inpascals.
Temperature(T)inKelvins
Volume(V)incubicmeters
Numberofmoles(n)ofworkinggas.

Q28:Whatisinternalenergy?
Answer:Theinternalenergy(UorE)ofasystemisthetotalofallkindsofenergypossessedby
theparticlesthatmakeupthesystem.
Itisthesumofitstranslational,vibrational,rotationalenergies,chemicalbondenergy,nuclearenergypossessedby
subatomicparticles,electronicenergyanditspotentialenergyduetoitsinteractionwithneighbouringmolecules.
Itisastatepropertyanditsabsolutevaluecannotbedetermined.Wecandeterminethechangeininternalenergyonly.
Q29:Whatarethefactorsaninternalenergyofthesystemdependsupon?
Answer:
1.Quantityofthegasorsubstance
2.Itschemicalnature
3.Temperature,PressureandVolume.

Q30:Howcanwesayinternalenergyisastatefunction?
Answer:Consider1moleofwaterisheatedfrom273Kto373K,thechangeinenergyis7.52KJ.Itisthesame
regardlessoftheforminwhichthisenergyistransferredtothewateri.e.eitherbyheatingorbyperformingworkorby
anothermeans.
Q31:Isinternalenergyisextensiveorintensiveproperty?

Answer:Thevalueofinternalenergyofasystemdependsonthemassofthemattercontainedina
system,itisclassedasanextensiveproperty.
Q32:Howworkisdefinedinthermodynamics?
Answer:Inthermodynamics,ingeneraltheworkisdoneinexpansion(orcompression)ofagas.Thisisknownas
pressurevolumeworkorPVworkorexpansionwork.
Forexpansionwork,W=PVjoules
Forcompression,workW=PVjoules
Q33:WhatarethesignconventionsusedforHeatandWork?

Answer:
1.Heatflowsintothesystem,qis+ve
2.Heatflowsoutofthesystem,qisve
3.Workisdoneonthesystem,wis+ve
4.Workisdonebythesystem,wisve
Q34:DefineFirstlawofthermodynamics.
Answer:Thetotalenergyofanisolatedsystemremainsconstantthoughitmaychangefrom
oneformtoanother.
Mathematically,whenworkisdoneonthesystem,U=q+w
Andwhenworkisdoneonbythesystem,U=qw

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