International Journal of Agricultural

Science and Research (IJASR)

ISSN(P): 2250-0057; ISSN(E): 2321-0087
Vol. 6, Issue 3, Jun 2016, 583-588
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES AGAINST COLLAR ROT DISEASE OF

SUNFLOWER CAUSED BY SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC.
IN SUNDARBANS OF WEST BENGAL
ATIT MAJI1, RANJAN NATH2, PRABIR KUMAR GARAIN3 & SHYAM SUNDAR LAXMAN4
1,2

Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Agriculture, Visva-Bharati, West Bengal, India

3,4

Ramkrishna Ashram KVK, Nimpith, South, Parganas, West Bengal, India

ABSTRACT
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oil seeds crop. Among the several diseases, collar rot of
sunflower caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.most serious problem in Sundarbans that is a polyphagous pathogen which
infects many of the cultivated crop plants including sunflower. To evaluate the efficacy of certain fungicides field trial
has been taken during Rabi/Summer of 2013-14 and 2014-15 two successive cropping seasons in farmers field of
Sundarbans. Seven fungicides viz. Tebuconazole 25.9% EC, Hexaconazole 5% SC, Propiconazole 25% EC, Mancozeb
75% WP, Carboxin 75% WP, Carbandazim50 % WP and Tricyclazole 75% WP has been taken along with an untreated
best result followed by Propiconazole, Hexaconazole and seed yield highest in Tebuconazole 18.41ha-1.
KEYWORDS: Sunflower, Sundarbans, Collar Rot Management

Received: Jun 09, 2016; Accepted: Jun 22, 2016; Published: Jun 23, 2016; Paper Id.: IJASRJUN2016071

Original Article

check in randomized block design against collar rot disease of sunflower. Among the fungicides Tebuconazole was gave

INTRODUCTION
Sunflower is one of the fastest growing oilseed crops in India popularly known as
"Surajmukhi." In India, sunflower as an oilseed crop was introduced in 1969. Oilseed crops play an
important role in the national economy and rank second after food grains. Sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.) is an important oil seed crop. Presently, India has the fourth largest area under
sunflower (2.10 m.ha) in the world and accounts for 10 per cent of the world acreage. Its share in total
world production is about five per cent (1.20 Mt.) [Anon., 2003]. Total area covered by sunflower
cultivation in India 721900 ha, Production was 499900 tons, however in West Bengal area covered 8000
ha and 28400 tons of production with 17.44 Q/ha-1 productivity in the year 2011-12
(Anonymous, 2013). Among several diseases collar rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii most serious
problem, Sclerotium rolfsii is a polyphagous pathogen which infects many of the cultivated crop plants
viz. sunflower, potato, chilli, groundnut, onion, tomato, betel vine etc. (Agrios, 2005).The fungus was
first reported by Rolfs (1892) as a cause of tomato blight in Florida. Saccardo (1911) named the fungus
as S. rolfsii sp. Collar rot or Southern blight of sunflower incited by S. rolfsii has been reported in Asia,
South America, China, India, Pakistan, Spain, Iran, Israel, Uruguay, Australia, Egypt, Portugal and
South Africa. In most of these countries, the disease is considered of minor importance, except in India
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584

Atit Maji, Ranjan Nath, Prabir Kumar Garain & Shyam Sundar Laxman

and Pakistan (Gulya et al., 1997) it causes yield losses of 10-11 % with infection of 10-11% if the sunflower
crop is planted in July and August or in February and March in the Nanital Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh
(Kolte and Tewari, 1977). Gurha and Dubey 1982 said that collar rot disease caused by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
is a serious threat to chickpea that may cause 55-95% mortality of the crop at seedling stage under favourable
environmental conditions. The typical symptoms of the disease are rapid wilting and sickly appearance of plants
with brownish lesion at the stem base near the soil lane which later girdles the stem. White mycelial growth
forms over the infected tissue and often radiates over the soil surface. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.is a devastating
soil-borne fungus and infects more than 500 plant species in tropical and subtropical countries of the world
(Aycock, 1966; Punja 1985). To find out suitable fungicides to control the disease in Sundarbans region, the
experiment was taken.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was conducted during Rabi/Summer season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 two successive
cropping seasons in farmers field of Sundarbans. Variety KBSH-44 was sown spacing with row to row 60 cm
and plant to plant 30 cm. Different fungicides were used along with an untreated check. Each treatment was
applied to in a randomized block design with three replications. Germinated seeds of the variety were sown in
field. At the time of land preparation farm yard manure applied 15 tons/ha. NPK at the rate of 80:40:40 ha at
recommended dose. As basal dose half nitrogen applied full amount of phosphorus and potash rest amount of
nitrogen 1/4that 25 DAS and 1/4th at 45 DAS 0.2% boric acid sprayed at ray floret stage. Irrigation and other
cultural practices were done as usual. To evaluate the efficacy of fungicides against collar rot disease of
sunflower field experiment was conducted as listed below.
Table 1: Used to Control the Sclerotium Rolfsii as Listed Below
Sl. No
1
2

Fungicides
Tebuconazole 25.9%
EC
Hexaconazole 5% SC

Propiconazole 25%
EC
Mancozeb 75% WP

Carboxin 75% WP

Carbandazim 50% WP

Tricyclazole 75% WP

Control

Mode of Action
Trade name
Systemic
Folicur
fungicide
Systemic
Contaf Plus
fungicide
Systemic
Result
fungicide
Contact fungicide Indofil M-45
Systemic
Vitavax
fungicide
Systemic
Bavistin
fungicide
Systemic
Blastogan
fungicide
Without spraying any fungicides

@Dose
1.5ml/lit
1.5ml/lit
0.75ml/lit
2.5gm/lit
1gm/lit
1gm/lit
0.5 gm/lit

Three sprays of each treatment were done at 15 days interval at recommended dose. The first fungicidal
spray was given immediately after disease appearance i.e. 30 DAS second spray 15 days thereafter at 45 DAS
and last fungicidal spray was given at the 60 DAS. The required quantities of chemicals were weighed and
Impact Factor (JCC): 4.7987

NAAS Rating: 3.53

Evaluation of Fungicides Against Collar Rot Disease of Sunflower

Caused by Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc. in Sundarbans of West Bengal

585

suitably dissolved in a requisite quantity of water to get desired concentrations. The observations on disease
incidences of collar rot were recorded before the harvest of the crop. All the plants were counted for collar rot
incidence. The data were converted into per cent disease incidence. The seed yield was recorded.
Percent disease incidence = [(Number of infected plants/total numbers of plant) X 100]
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
It is revealed that from the experiment Tebuconazole 25.9% EC is most effective among the fungicides
to reduce the percent disease incidence i.e. 4.76 in 2013-14 and 5.95 in 2014-15 as well as yield compare to
control in two successive year 18.52q ha-1 and 18.29q ha-1 followed by Propiconazole 25 % EC that is 7.44 and
8.33 PDI, yield 18.00 q ha-1 and 17.82 ha-1 Hexaconazole 5% SC 9.52 in 13-14 and 9.82 in 14-15 yield was
17.59 ha-1and 17.53 ha-1 respectively followed by PDI shown in Carboxin, Tricyclazole, Carbandazim and
Mancozeb. Percentage increase in PDI compare to control highest in Tebuconazole 16.79 and 17.74 in the year
of 13-14 and 14-15 respectively followed by Propiconazole, Hexaconazole, Carboxin, Tricyclazole in the both
years. Gourand Sharma (2010) showed in field experiment of fungicides against Sclerotium rolfsii. causing root
rot of groundnut folicur gave best result to control the disease. Gururaj Sunkad (2012) was found Tebuconazole
highly effective against the disease at all doses. Carboxin was the best fungicide in terms of reducing the
disease incidence and increasing the yield. Carboxin applied plots recorded lowest incidence Bhat et. al. .In fig
it has been showed that the pooled data Tebuconazole gave maximum yield compare to control and also
reduced maximum degree of PDI
Table 2: Effect of Different Fungicides Against Sclerotium Rolfsii

Fungicides

PDI

4.76
(12.59)*
9.52
(17.96)
7.44
(15.82)
15.77
(23.39)
12.80
(20.96)
15.18
(22.92)
13.69
(21.71)
18.45
Control
(25.44)
SE+m
0.35
CD (at 5%)
1.07
*angular transformation value
Tebuconazole
25.9% EC
Hexaconazole
5% SC
Propiconazole
25% EC
Mancozeb
85% WP
Carboxin 75%
WP
Carbandazim
50% WP
Tricyclazole
75% WP

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2013-14
%
Yield
Decrease
(Q/ha)
in PDI

%
Increase
in Yield

74.19

18.52

16.79

48.39

17.59

10.95

59.68

18.00

13.50

14.52

16.38

3.29

30.65

16.95

6.93

17.74

16.49

4.02

25.81

16.78

5.84

0.00

15.86

0.00

0.07
0.22

PDI
5.95
(14.09)*
9.82
(18.25)
8.33
(16.77)
16.37
(23.86)
12.80
(20.95)
15.77
(23.39)
14.58
(22.42)
19.94
(26.51)
0.58
1.78

2014-15
%
Decrease (Q/ha)
in PDI

%
Increase
in Yield

70.15

18.29

17.47

50.75

17.53

12.64

58.21

17.82

14.50

17.91

16.26

4.46

35.82

16.95

8.92

20.90

16.38

5.20

26.87

16.61

6.69

0.00

15.57

0.00

0.13
0.40

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586

Atit Maji, Ranjan Nath, Prabir Kumar Garain & Shyam Sundar Laxman

Figure 1: Evaluation of Fungicides Against S. Rolfsii

CONCLUSIONS
From the above result it is concluded that the Tebuconazole 25.9% EC is most promising systemic
fungicide among the fungicides to control the collar rot disease in Sundarbans.
REFERENCES
1.

Agrios G.N. Plant Pathology. 5th Edition, Academic Press, (2005) New York,

2.

Anonymous, Sunflower in India, Directorate of Oilseeds Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, (2003); p112

3.

Anonymous, Project Directors Report, (2013) All India Coordinated Research Project on Sunflower, Director of Oilseeds
Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad p 49

4.

Aycock, R. (1966) Stem rots and other diseases caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station
Technical Bulletin; 174:202

5.

Gour, H. N. and Pankaj Sharma (2010) Evaluation of fungicides in vitro and in vivo against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. causing
root rot of groundnut. Indian Phytopathology; 63 (3): 352-353

6.

Gururaj Sunkad (2012) Tebuconazole: a new triazole fungicide molecule for the management of stem rot of groundnut caused
by Sclerotium rolfsii. the bio scan; 7(4): 601-603

7.

Gulya, T. Rashid, K.Y. and Masirevic, S.M. (1997)Sunflower diseases. In: Sunflower technology and production
(Edt.) Schneiter, AA. ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. 263-379

8.

Gurha, S.N. and R.S. Dubey. (1982) Occurrence of possible sources of resistance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) against
Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Madras Agric. J.; 70: 63-64

9.

Kolte, S.J. and Tewari, A.N. (1977)Note on effect of planting dates on occurrence and severity of sunflower diseases. Pant. J.
Res.; 2: 236.

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.7987

NAAS Rating: 3.53

Evaluation of Fungicides Against Collar Rot Disease of Sunflower

Caused by Sclerotium Rolfsii Sacc. in Sundarbans of West Bengal

587

10. M. Narayana, Bhat, H.R. Sardana, Dinesh Singh1, Chitra Srivastava and Mobin Ahmad (2015) Evaluation of chemicals and
bioagents against Sclerotium rolfsii causing southern blight of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) Indian Phytopath.; 68 (1) :
97-100
11. Punja, Z.K., (1985).The biology, ecology and control of Sclerotium rolfsii. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 23: 97-127
12. Rolfs, P.H.,(1892)Tomato blight. Some hints. Bulletin of Florida Agricultural Experimental Station; 18
13. Saccardo, P.A. 1911 Notae mycologicae. Annales Mycologici,; 9: 249-257

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