TOPIC AGENDA:
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1. Introduction:
1. Introduction
PROBLEM: 71% of projects failed to finish on time
Can we fix the problem of schedule management ?
What is the missing link ? Can we fill this gap ?
Where is the Missing Link :
1. People and Culture
2. Schedule Management Knowledge and experiences
3. Technology Project Management Software
4. How about the Scheduling Process ? The way we Control Schedule
We can find a way a simple way to address this overarching
problem of schedule management!
1. Introduction:
PLANNING
Develop schedule
Missing link
EXECUTION
Control schedule
1. Introduction:
Planning can:
1. Provides an organized outline to assist in understanding the means, methods,
and techniques necessary in the Planning process.
2. Orchestrate smooth transition to Execution Phase.
3. Make sure you can ACT and decide right on a timely manner and not just to
REACT when issue crops up.
Planning makes PRO-ACTIVE project management !
Scheduling can:
1. Serve as a tool for communication
2. Provides a visual representation of a game plan.
3. Answer the critical question of Projects, when can you finish the project?
4. Help in managing stakeholder expectations
5. Serve as a basis for performance reporting
6. can run a what-if scenario which aid the PM to analyze and decide avoiding
being REACTIVE!
Plan Schedule
Management
Define
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Estimate
Activity
Resources
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Develop
Schedule
Control
Schedule
PROCESS GROUP
Planning
Define Activities
Planning
Sequence Activities
Planning
Planning
Planning
Develop Schedule
Planning
Control Schedule
Starting from Plan Schedule Management to Develop Schedule belongs under Planning Process group.
Schedule Model
Plan Schedule
Management
Define
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Planning
Estimate
Activity
Resources
Estimate
Activity
Duration
Develop
Schedule
Control
Schedule
Monitoring/
Controlling
Note: The control schedule process by its definition is more focus toward on
corrective action.
Need to be able to trace the trail of each activities even before it start
Need to be able to track the activity status through to its finish and know
if it is progressing as planned.
There has to be an aggressive way of TRACKING the activities !
A TRACKING Technique which will defy DELAY !
Specification +
Baseline Schedule
Store a Frag-net
Tracking
Extension of Time
Recovery Plan
Schedule
Specification and
a BUSTER ?
It is a Rule of Engagement
There are several good schedule specs out there like NAS of USACE
BU S T E R
Baseline Plan is the collection of all agreed and validated game plans as the
by-product of project planning i.e. Schedule, QC Plan, H&S Plan, Cost
Plan, Project Management Plan which serves as the benchmark against all
measurements are evaluated against.
The baseline plan is an end result of the planning process
BU S T E R
1. The baseline plan should be agreed upon by the contracting parties in all
major project aspects, this include all subcontractors.
2. Serves as the bench-mark.
3. A subcontractor focuses on only its work scope and necessary coordination
and interfacing with related trade work, hence a baseline schedule should
be integrated and considered other external schedules and constraints.
4. A baseline plan should not be changed unless stakeholders agree,
presumably in compliance with any established procedures for rebaselining.
5. On the side of the reviewer, one should not arbitrarily reject a schedule just
because of minor, inconsequential deviations from the specifications.
6. Significant changes to the scope of work can cause the previous baseline to
be a poor representation of the work and to be of little value for work status
reporting.
BU S T E R
Update Schedule is The schedule is dynamic and recurrent
need to be updated to track progress, forecast trends, estimate completion
and to control variation
Keeping the schedule updated as practical as possible usually weekly or
monthly is logical and ensure the usefulness of a schedule.
Periodic forecasts provide information on the health of a project and assist
in the prediction of future conditions and report against project deliverables
and milestones.
BU S T E R
Store a Frag-net is a series of events of changes and delays incorporated
into schedule model constitute a FRAGNET.
properly inserted fragnet onto the current schedule and re-run the schedule
to determine the impact.
Substantiate a potential claims.
BU S T E R
Tracking Tracing the trail of activities by monitoring its predecessor and
successor to anticipate potential issue.
Tracking the resource allocation is vital in making sure an activity gets started.
It requires explicit understanding of the baseline and current scope of works.
Tracking amplified Controls
BU S T E R
Tracking Focus on
BU S T E R
Extension of time
The first step in performing Time impact Analysis (TIA) is to have a
good and agreed Baseline Schedule to compare the delay against.
Simple Cause and Effect Relationship
Prompt Notification
Analysis of contemporaneous Time Impact helps promotes
awareness of Delay & Mitigation
Always consider presence of Concurrent delays
BU S T E R
Fundamental of TIA
BU S T E R
Recovery Plan
Recovery Plan is use to recuperate any lost time and bring the
schedule back on track.
Schedule compression proposed potential solution to impacts
caused by slippage or change
Crowded activities shown on recovery schedule going on at the
same time is usually not realistic and often not achievable
As the recovery schedule is developed, the project team must be
aware of the risks associated by the schedule compression.
Crashing
Fast Tracking
Un-excusable Delay
Excusable Delay
Add a Frag-net
Add a Frag-net
Concurrent Delay
EOT
Re-baseline
R
A
C
K
E
R
Shop Drawing
Procurement
Slab Concreting
Masonry Wall
A
C
K
E
R
Add a Frag-net
Create a Recovery Plan
Kick-Off a scheduling Meeting
Execute Schedule Compression
Re-assess the Progress
Add a Frag-net
The Frag-net shall identify the predecessors
to the new activities and demonstrate the
impacts to successor activities.
C
K
E
R
Add a Frag-net
K
E
R
Add a Frag-net
E
R
Add a Frag-net
Add a Frag-net
Un-excusable Delay
Excusable Delay
Add a Frag-net
Add a Frag-net
Concurrent Delay
EOT
Re-baseline
Add a Frag-net
Concurrent Delays
A concurrent delay occurs when two or more independent
causes of delay overlap in time
Concurrent delay although difficult to assess due to its
complexity still relies on basic of critical path principle.
K
E
R
Add a Frag-net
Concurrent Delays
E
R
EOT
Re-baseline
Add a Frag-net
Concurrent Delays
Re-baseline
Add a Frag-net
Concurrent Delays
Re-baseline
Once the changes approved the old baseline schedule need
to be updated and re-issue as a new baseline schedule.
The lowest level of the WBS component is also called WORK PACKAGES
WBS
Define
Schedule
Activities
Define
Schedule
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Estimating what and how many resources will be needed for an activity to be
completed
Resources are the money, material, manpower, machines (equipment and tools),
and time used to complete activities in a project.
The type of Resources required can come from the cost estimate
Define
Schedule
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Define
Schedule
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Estimating the number of work periods need to complete the individual activities
with estimated resources.
People actually doing the work is the best source of input (i.e. subcontractors)
Some scheduling specifications require that activity durations should not more
than 15 days in duration
Expert Judgement
Analogous Estimating
Parametric Estimating
Three-Point Estimating
Group-Decision Making
Reserve Analysis
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Define
Schedule
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Sequence
Activities
Define
Schedule
Activities
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Sequence
Activities
Lag can be used with all activity types and enter lag time as a positive value
Care should be used with negative lags because they can affect risk analysis
One activity may finish before its predecessor is complete if using a negative lag.
Most scheduling specifications do not allow negative lags
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Schedule
the
Project
The scheduling software will calculated schedule model start and finish dates.
Microsoft Project calculates the schedule automatically.
In Primavera software, the data date should be reviewed and adjusted prior to
scheduling.
The data date is a point in time when the status of the project is recorded,
sometimes also called as-of date or status date.
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Open end activities are activities with no predecessor nor successor relationship to
other activities in the schedule
There should only be 2 open ended activities on any schedule
There are scheduling software that produce log report for open end activities
Open-end activities often contain an excessive amount of positive total float
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Analyze
Critical
Path
The Longest amount of time that it will take you to get to the end of the
project.
Any impact on the critical path will impact the overall project timeline.
A critical activity is an activity with zero or negative total float.
Critical Path is the sequence of activities that represent the longest path through
the project, which determines the shortest possible project duration.
PMBOK-Guide 5th Edition
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Analyze
Critical
Path
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Assign
Constraints
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Analyze
Critical
Path
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Assign
Constraints
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Analyze
Critical
Path
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Assign
Constraints
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Determine
the
Finish Date
Contract Award give us a determination of how many days the schedule has to take
i.e. 360 cd.
End date can be calculated from NTP and adjust the schedule as necessary.
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Analyze
Critical
Path
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Assign
Constraints
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
the
Finish Date
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Resource &
Cost load the
Activities
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Analyze
Critical
Path
Calculate
Activity Project
Budgets
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Assign
Constraints
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
the
Finish Date
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Resource &
Cost load the
Activities
The schedule software will calculate budgets for each activity based on the
resource loadings.
An activitys budget is the sum of all of its resource budgets.
The scheduling software will need to be organized so that the project cost total
will be displayed. This can be done by organizing the activity codes to be
summarized.
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Analyze
Critical
Path
Calculate
Activity Project
Budgets
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Assign
Constraints
Create
Activity
Codes
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
the
Finish Date
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Resource &
Cost load the
Activities
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Analyze
Critical
Path
Calculate
Activity Project
Budgets
Define
Schedule
Activities
Sequence
Activities
Assign
Constraints
Create
Activity
Codes
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Determine
the
Finish Date
Apply Critical
Chain and
Insert
Buffet Time
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Resource &
Cost load the
Activities
Estimate
Activity
Durations
Analyze
Critical
Path
Calculate
Activity Project
Budgets
Define
Schedule
Activities
Define/
Estimate
Resources
Schedule
the
Project
Sequence
Activities
Assign
Constraints
Create
Activity
Codes
Determine
the
Finish Date
Apply Critical
Chain and
Insert
Buffet Time
Determine
Calendars/
Working
Time
Eliminate
Schedule
Flaws/ Errors
Resource &
Cost load the
Activities
Set Target
and Baseline
Schedule
7. Epilogue
The Missing Link of Schedule Management
We need to make sure that our project schedule is on Track
Practice BUSTER when implementing Schedule Management,
Be sure not to deviate from the Baseline and missed any opportunity to improve the
critical Apply the concept of TRACKER when we execute the schedule monitoring &
controlsBecause Schedule Activities need not only be monitor and controls, it must be
tracked!
To schedulers...Now we learned the recipe of a good schedule, make sure your schedule is
simple and usefulBecause useful schedules are those that are actually used!
Everything we have learned thus far makes sense only if it is applied in real world projects.
A good scheduler is only as good as the schedule model.
For the Project manager and Senior Management to acknowledge
the value of schedule as a coordination tool and not just for contract compliance
Because when your project is completed within scope, on time
and within budget Your Schedule Management is a
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Questions?
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References:
-Patrick Waver on his Improving Schedule Management PMI 2009 Global
Congress Proceedings-KL Malaysia
-PMBOK-Guide 5th Edition
-PMI Practice Standard for Scheduling 2nd Edition page 1
-AACE Planning & Scheduling Professional Certification Study Guide 1st Ed.
-Critical Chain by Eliyahu Goldratt
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