A Venture Idea on

VISAKHAPATNAM'S READINESS TO ACCEPT

E - SALON SERVICES
Submitted by:
K. Subramanyam (I.B, 1226115120)
M. Gayathri Sneha (I.B, 1226115126)
J. Chandrasekhar Patnaik (I.B, 1226115112)
Shahbaaz Hassan (I.B, 12261151__)
Rakshith Gandhi (I.B, 12261151__)

Submitted as Venture Idea report for Small Business and Entrepreneurship subject to pursue our
post graduation in M.B.A.

Under the esteemed guidance of:

Dr. Vidya Sagar
Visiting Faculty
GITAM School of International Business
1

Table of Contents
S. No

Contents

Page Nos.

Executive Summary

Introduction

4-9

Theoretical Concepts

10

Literature Review

11 - 13

Objectives

14

Methodology

15 - 25

Analysis

26 - 33

Conclusions

34

References

35

Executive Summary
2

We have chosen a concept that would give a unique experience to the men of Visakhapatnam.
The concept under discussion is e - salon an "Online Hairdressing Service Concept called - e
salon services which brings the specialist hair dresser to your door steps at one click", that
provides all kinds of salon services like Hair cut, Pedicure, Manicure, Massaging, Hair dyeing,
Hair straightening and other services.
Visakhapatnam has been listed out as one smart city in India. It is also gaining uplift in the
sectors like Information Technology, Aviation, Railways and Logistics. Targeting the rise in
middle and upper class people considering the huge scope for e - salon services, we have
analyzed factors like customer oriented measures, friendliness and feasibility, literate customer
needs and general customer needs on a sample of 40 people.
We have drawn results through the Statistical Package for Social Services (SPSS) tool running
three tests i.e. Independent sample T - test, Factor Analysis and Chi-square test.
It is observed that there is definitely a considerable scope for e - salon services with results not
favoring the likeliness for sustainability of e - salon services. It is also observed that it is because
of the size of the sample with lower frequencies of occupation and education that results were
inappropriate. Therefore with a bigger sample it is accepted to yield results favoring the
acceptance of e - salon services in Visakhapatnam and come to a proper conclusion.

Chapter - 1: Introduction
3

Visakhapatnam is the largest city, both in terms of area and population in the Indian state of
Andhra Pradesh. It is located on the coast of Bay of Bengal in the north eastern region of the
state. It is the administrative headquarters of Visakhapatnam district and also the Financial
Capital of Andhra Pradesh.
Visakhapatnam is a cosmopolitan mix of people from various parts of India. From a population
of a few thousand during the 18th and early 19th centuries, the population grew steadily. The city
doubled its population from 1990 to 2000, due to a large migrant population from surrounding
areas and other parts of the country.
As of 2011 Census of India, Visakhapatnam had a population of 1,728,128. The total population
constituted 873,599 males, 854,529 females, with a sex ratio of the city being 978 females per
1000 males. There were a total of 1,279,137 literates, of which 6, 88,678 were male and 5,
90,459 were females literates. The average literacy rate of the city was 81.79% in Visakhapatnam
city as of 2011. There were 164,129 in the age group of 06 years, with 84,298 boys and 79,831
girls. The child sex ratio was 947 girls per 1000 boys. Visakhapatnam is ranked 122 in the list of
fastest-growing cities in the world. The population was increased after the expansion of the city
limits and stands at 2,035,922.
Visakhapatnam is considered as a centre for education in Andhra Pradesh and there are a number
of primary, high schools and colleges in the city. In addition to state-run schools there are private
institutions, missionary schools and colleges.
Hair Cutting:
A hairstyle, hairdo, or haircut refers to the styling of hair, usually on the human scalp. The
fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics,
although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles. The oldest
known depiction of hair braiding dates back about 30,000 years. In ancient civilizations,
women's hair was often elaborately and carefully dressed in special ways. In Imperial Rome,
women wore their hair in complicated styles. From the cost of the Roman Empire until the
Middle Ages, most women grew their hair as long as it would naturally grow. During the Roman
Empire as well as in the 16th century in the western world, women began to wear their hair in
extremely ornate styles. In the latter half of the 15th century and on into the 16th century a very
4

high hairline on the forehead was considered attractive. During the 15th and 16th centuries,
European men wore their hair cropped no longer than shoulder-length. In the early 17th century
male hairstyles grew longer, with waves or curls being considered desirable.
In the early 19th century the male beard, and also moustaches and sideburns, made a strong
reappearance, associated with the Romantic movement, and all remained very common until the
1890s, after which younger men ceased to wear them, with World War I, when the majority of
men in many countries saw military service, finally despatching the full beard except for older
men retaining the styles of their youth, and those affecting a bohemian look. The short militarystyle moustache remained popular.
Hair styling is a major world industry, from the salon itself to products, advertising, and even
magazines on the subject. In the United States, most hairstylists are licensed after obtaining
training at a cosmetology or beauty school.
In recent years, competitive events for professional stylists have grown in popularity. Stylists
compete on deadline to create the most elaborate hairstyle using props, lights and other
accessories.
Tools:
Styling tools may include hair irons (including flat, curling, and crimping irons), hair dryers, and
hair rollers. Hair dressing might also include the use of hair product to add texture, shine, curl,
volume or hold to a particular style. Hairpins are also used when creating particular hairstyles.
Their uses and designs vary over different cultural backgrounds.
Products:
Styling products aside from shampoo and conditioner are many and varied. Leave-in conditioner,
conditioning treatments, mousse, gels, lotions, waxes, creams, clays, serums, oils, and sprays are
used to change the texture or shape of the hair, or to hold it in place in a certain style. Applied
properly, most styling products will not damage the hair apart from drying it out; most styling
products contain alcohols, which can dissolve oils. Many hair products contain chemicals which
can cause build-up, resulting in dull hair or a change in perceived texture.

Wigs:
Care of human or other natural hair wigs is similar to care of a normal head of hair in that the
wig can be brushed, styled, and kept clean using hair care products.
Synthetic wigs are usually made from a fine fiber that mimics human hair. This fiber can be
made in almost any color and hairstyle, and is often glossier than human hair. However, this fiber
is sensitive to heat and cannot be styled with flat irons or curling irons. There is a newer
synthetic fiber that can take heat up to a certain temperature.
Human hair wigs can be styled with heat, and they must be brushed only when dry. Synthetic and
human hair wigs should be brushed dry before shampooing to remove tangles. To clean the wig,
the wig should be dipped into a container with water and mild shampoo, then dipped in clear
water and moved up and down to remove excess water. The wig must then be air dried naturally
into its own hairstyle. Proper maintenance can make a human hair wig last for many years.
Haircutting in space:
Haircuts also occur in space at the International Space Station. During the various Expeditions
astronauts use hair clippers attached to vacuum devices for grooming their colleagues so that the
cut hair will not drift inside the weightless environment of the space station and become a
nuisance to the astronauts or a hazard to the sensitive equipment installations inside the station.
Haircutting in space was also used for charitable purposes in the case of astronaut Sunita
Williams who obtained such a haircut by fellow astronaut Joan Higginbotham inside the
International Space Station. Sunita's ponytail was brought back to earth with the STS-116 crew
and was donated to Locks of Love.
Manicure:
A manicure is a cosmetic beauty treatment for the fingernails and hands, performed at home or in
a nail salon. A manicure consists of filing and shaping of the free edge, pushing (with a cuticle
pusher) and clipping (with cuticle nippers) any nonliving tissue (limited to cuticle and
hangnails), treatments, massage of the hand, and the application of fingernail polish. When
applied to the toenails and feet, this treatment is referred to as a pedicure.
6

Some manicures can include the painting of pictures or designs on the nails, or applying small
decals or imitation jewels. Other nail treatments may include the application of artificial nail gel
nails, tips, or acrylics, some of which are referred to as French manicures.
In many areas, manicurists are licensed and follow regulations. Since skin is manipulated and is
sometimes trimmed, there is a certain risk of spreading infection when tools are used across
many people; therefore, sanitation is a serious issue.
Pedicure:
A pedicure is a superficial cosmetic treatment of the feet and toenails. It provides a similar
service to a manicure. Pedicures are done for cosmetic, therapeutic and medical purposes, and
can help prevent nail diseases and nail disorders. They are extremely popular throughout the
world, primarily among women.
Pedicures are not just limited to nails; usually dead skin cells on the bottom of feet are rubbed off
using a rough stone called a pumice stone. Additionally, leg care below the knee became a
common and now expected service included in pedicures. granular exfoliation, application of
moisturizing creams, and a brief leg massage.
Massage:
Massage involves working and acting on the body with pressure structured, unstructured,
stationary, or moving tension, motion, or vibration, done manually or with mechanical aids.
Massage can be applied with the hands, fingers, elbows, knees, forearm, feet, or a massage
device. Massage can promote relaxation and well-being, can be a recreational activity.
In professional settings massage clients are treated while lying on a massage table, sitting in a
massage chair, or lying on a mat on the floor, while in amateur settings a general purpose surface
like a bed or floor is more common. Aquatic massage and bodywork is performed with recipients
submersed or floating in a warm-water therapy pool. The massage subject may be fully or
partially clothed or unclothed.
Demographic information of Visakhapatnam:
Description
7

City
Government
Urban Agglomeration
State
Visakhapatnam City
City Population
Literates
Children (0-6)
Average Literacy (%)
Sex ratio
Child Sex ratio
Description
Hindu
Muslims
Christian
Not Stated
Jain
Sikh
Buddhist
Others

Visakhapatnam
Municipal Corporation
Only City
Andhra Pradesh
Total
Male
1,728,128
1,279,137
164,129
81.79 %
978
947
Total
1,595,460
66,501
53,101
8,572
1,964
1,741
597
192

Female

873,599
688,678
84,298
87.25 %

854,529
590,459
79,831
76.22 %
Percentage
92.32 %
3.85 %
3.07 %
0.50 %
0.11 %
0.10 %
0.03 %
0.01 %

An example on one of such e salon services is described under:

Of late, Indias beauty and wellness (B&W) industry has seen a lot of investor action. Leading
the rounds last week, Vyomo a Complete online solution for beauty professionals and consumers
has raised less than $2 million in pre series a funding round from Berlin-based Rocket Internet.
While traditionally Beauty services are seen as things which require fore planning, appointments,
and considerable time, the on-demand services like Vyomo are being seen as game changers.
For that reason, the Juggernaut team which has an extensive experience in powering On-Demand
solutions for 2 years now took up the task of being the technology enabler for Vyomo. Since
Vyomo was targeting both sides of the network consumer and business it made sense to
have an app that enables a platform for both the Customers and the stylists. After several weeks
of brainstorming, Juggernauts solution shaped into fully functional mobile app.
Powered by Juggernauts technology Vyomo, a mobile platform that has simplified the way
beauty and wellness services are requested, offered, and rendered. For end customer, Vyomo is
on-the-go search, discover, book, pay and rate platform while for beauty salons, and Spa, its a
SAAS based end to end salon management software that grows their business by covering
8

everything from increased traffic, CRM, ERP, EPOS, Performance Management, Booking
Management, and Social Media.

Chapter - 2: Theoretical Concepts

Customer Acceptance
Customer acceptance depends on familiarity and the degree of awareness and use of any given
tool. The more people using them, the more valuable they become.
Customer Satisfaction
Customer acceptance is directly linked to satisfaction. Although acceptance does not guarantee
satisfaction, it is a necessary step for there to be any chance of approval and repeat buying.
Needs and Preferences
9

The degree of Customer acceptance can vary depending on if the product or service in question
is a necessity or a want. Customer acceptance of necessary products is much higher and easier to
obtain than acceptance of luxury items. People are more selective with unnecessary purchases,
therefore acceptance can be more difficult to obtain.
Business Strategy
The strategy of a company often depends on the level of customer acceptance. If a
product/service is accepted by customers immediately, it may not require a lot of marketing and
may be sold/taken at a higher price. A product/service which takes longer to be accepted by
customers will require more promotion to convince people of its merits.

Chapter - 3: Literature Review

Growth in e - Business:
Propelled by a number of customer lifestyle trends as well as technology advancements, online
businesses will continue to grab a bigger and bigger piece of customer spend.
A number of factors will continue to contribute to this rise:
Better/More Extensive Information:

10

Online business offers more information than often is typically available in store. Customers also
have the benefit of research, customer comments and reviews, and other factors helping them to
make informed decisions.
Convenience:
Rather than going to the salon, service online offers the opportunity to take up the service from
the home, office, or on the go via mobile. With Smartphone usage constantly rising, people will
be able to shop from the bus, train or literally anywhere.
Better Websites & New Technologies for Viewing:
E-tailors are constantly upgrading their website usability, including improving search functions,
services display, and easy transactions. By offering customers the ability to check in on service
details, change colors, upload their own pictures, customers are gaining the confidence to take up
service.
Retailers Rewarding Loyalty:
Retailers are learning to reward loyal customers with various offers, VIP programs and discounts.
Safe Payment:
With significant improvements in website security and fraud protection offered by credit card
companies, SCBs research indicates that customers no longer have qualms about inputting credit
card information on websites. PayPal has only increased payment options, and mobile payment
options will continue to be introduced.

Growing Online Services:

Software and online services are in a period of dizzying growth. Year-old companies are turning
down billion-dollar buyouts in the hopes of multibillions in a few months. But we have seen
similar industry phases before, and they have often ended with growth and valuations fizzling
out. The industrys booms and busts make growth, an essential ingredient in value creation,
difficult to understand. To date, little empirical work has been done on the importance of revenue
growth for software and Internet-services companies or how to find new sources of growth when
old ones run out.
11

In our new research, we analyzed the life cycles of about 3,000 software and online-services
companies from around the globe between 1980 and 2012. We also surveyed executives
representing more than 70 companies and developed detailed case studies of companies that
grew quickly and others whose growth stalled. The research produced three main findings.
Growth trumps all. Three pieces of evidence attest to the paramount importance of growth. First,
growth yields greater returns. High-growth companies offer a return to shareholders five times
greater than medium-growth companies. Second, growth predicts long-term success.
Supergrowerscompanies whose growth was greater than 60 percent when they reached $100
million in revenueswere eight times more likely to reach $1 billion in revenues than those
growing less than 20 percent. Additionally, growth matters more than margin or cost structure.
Increases in revenue growth rates drive twice as much market-capitalization gain as margin
improvements for companies with less than $4 billion in revenues. Further, we observed no
correlation between cost structure and growth rates.
Sustaining growth is really hard. Two facts emerged from the research. Companies have only a
small probability of making it big. Just 28 percent of the software and Internet-services
companies in our database reached $100 million in revenue, and 3 percent reached $1 billion. Of
the approximately 3,000 companies we analyzed, only 17 achieved $4 billion in revenue as
independent companies. Moreover, success is fleeting. Approximately 85 percent of
supergrowers were unable to maintain their growth rates, and once lost, less than a quarter were
able to recapture them. Those companies that did regain their historical growth rate had market
capitalizations 53 percent lower than those that maintained supergrowth throughout.
There is a recipe for sustained growth. While every companys circumstances are unique, the
research found four principles that are essential to sustaining growth and from which every
company can benefit. First, growth happens in phases: from start-up to billion-dollar giant,
growth stories typically unfold as a prelude, act one, and act two. In act one, there are five
critical enablers of growth: market, monetization model, rapid adoption, stealth, and incentives.
A third principle is that the drivers for growth in act two are different. Successful strategies in act
two include expanding the act-one offer to new geographies or channels, extending the act-one
success to a new product market, or transforming the act-one offer into a platform. Finally,

12

successful companies master the transition from one act to the next. Pitfalls include transitioning
at the wrong time and selecting the wrong strategy for the next act.
Company leaders can use these insights to understand their growth trajectory and determine
whether their current products and strategy are sufficient to reach their aspiration. If not, the
research can help them determine the right time to make the transition to a second act that can
sustain their growth and avoid some common pitfalls that have derailed several such transitions.
Growth trumps all
Its no secret that growth matters for any company and that software and online-services
companies1 grow faster than those in other sectors. Classical corporate-finance theory holds that
value creation stems from only two sources, growth and return on invested capital. In software
and services, one of these matters more than the other. While returns on capital are often strong
in mature companies, it is growth that matters most in the early stages of a companys life.
But few executives can say precisely how important growth is to these companies, or how it is
achieved. The rules of the road in other industries do not apply here. If a health-care company
grew at 20 percent annually, its managers and investors would be happy. If a software company
grows at that rate, it has a 92 percent chance of ceasing to exist within a few years. Even if a
software company is growing at 60 percent annually, its chances of becoming a multibilliondollar giant are no better than a coin flip.

Chapter - 4: OBJECTIVES

The Broad objective of the present work is to test up on the acceptance of Visakhapatnam's
readiness of e - salon services
In specific -

13

Chapter - 5: Methodology
Types of Data:
Primary data and secondary data are two types of data, each with pros and cons, and each
requiring different kinds of skills, resources
Researchers in the health and social sciences can obtain their data by getting it directly from the
subjects theyre interested in. This data they collect is called primary data. Another type of data

14

that may help researchers is the data that has already been gathered by someone else. This is
called secondary data.
What are the advantages of using these two types of data? Which tends to take longer to process
and which is more expensive? This column will help to explain the differences between primary
and secondary data.
Primary data
An advantage of using primary data is that researchers are collecting information for the specific
purposes of their study. In essence, the questions the researchers ask are tailored to elicit the data
that will help them with their study. Researchers collect the data themselves, using surveys,
interviews and direct observations.
In the field of workplace health research, for example, direct observations may involve a
researcher watching people at work. The researcher could count and code the number of times
she sees practices or behaviors relevant to her intereste.g. instances of improper lifting posture
or the number of hostile or disrespectful interactions workers engage in with clients and
customers over a period of time.
To take another example, lets say a research team wants to find out about workers experiences
in return to work after a work-related injury. Part of the research may involve interviewing
workers by telephone about how long they were off work and about their experiences with the
return-to-work process. The workers answersconsidered primary datawill provide the
researchers with specific information about the return-to-work process; e.g. they may learn about
the frequency of work accommodation offers, and the reasons some workers refused such offers.
Primary data obtained from the research work made to check the factors that help in starting up e
- saloon and other important attributes that support the e - saloon concept feasibility are tested
and understood while working on a BRM project.
Secondary data
There are several types of secondary data. They can include information from the national
population census and other government information collected by Statistics Canada. One type of
secondary data thats used increasingly is administrative data. This term refers to data that is
collected routinely as part of the day-to-day operations of an organization, institution or agency.
15

There is any number of examples: motor vehicle registrations, hospital intake and discharge
records, workers compensation claims records, and more.
Compared to primary data, secondary data tends to be readily available and inexpensive to
obtain. In addition, administrative data tends to have large samples, because the data collection is
comprehensive and routine. Whats more, administrative data (and many types of secondary
data) are collected over a long period. That allows researchers to detect change over time.
Going back to the return-to-work study mentioned above, the researchers could also examine
secondary data in addition to the information provided by their primary data (i.e. survey results).
They could look at workers compensation lost-time claims data to determine the amount of time
workers were receiving wage replacement benefits. With a combination of these two data
sources, the researchers may be able to determine which factors predict a shorter work absence
among injured workers. This information could then help improve return to work for other
injured workers.
The type of data researchers choose can depend on many things including the research question,
their budget, their skills and available resources. Based on these and other factors, they may
choose to use primary data, secondary dataor both.
Some Advantages of using Primary data:
The investigator collects data specific to the problem under study.
There is no doubt about the quality of the data collected (for the investigator).
If required, it may be possible to obtain additional data during the study period.
Some Disadvantages of using Primary data (for reluctant/ uninterested investigators):
The investigator has to contend with all the hassles of data collection

deciding why, what, how, when to collect

getting the data collected (personally or through others)
getting funding and dealing with funding agencies
ethical considerations (consent, permissions, etc.)

2. Ensuring the data collected is of a high standard all desired data is obtained accurately, and in the format it is required in
there is no fake/ cooked up data
unnecessary/ useless data has not been included
16

3. Cost of obtaining the data is often the major expense in studies

Some Advantages of using Secondary data:

The datas already there- no hassles of data collection

It is less expensive
The investigator is not personally responsible for the quality of data (I didnt do it)
Some disadvantages of using Secondary data:
The investigator cannot decide what is collected (if specific data about something is required,

for instance).
One can only hope that the data is of good quality
Obtaining additional data (or even clarification) about something
The current research depends on primary data and we had a sample of size 40.
SPSS:
SPSS Statistics is a software package used for statistical analysis. Long produced by SPSS Inc.,
it was acquired by IBM in 2009. The current versions (2015) are officially named IBM SPSS
Statistics. Companion products in the same family are used for survey authoring and deployment
(IBM SPSS Data Collection), data mining (IBM SPSS Modeler), text analytics, and
collaboration and deployment (batch and automated scoring services).
The software name originally stood for Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS),
reflecting the original market, although the software is now popular in other fields as well,
including the health sciences and marketing.
SPSS is a widely used program for statistical analysis in social science. It is also used by market
researchers, health researchers, survey companies, government, education researchers, marketing
organizations, data miners, and others. The original SPSS manual (Nie, Bent & Hull, 1970) has
been described as one of "sociology's most influential books" for allowing ordinary researchers
to do their own statistical analysis. In addition to statistical analysis, data management (case
selection, file reshaping, creating derived data) and data documentation (a metadata dictionary
was stored in the datafile) are features of the base software.
Statistics included in the base software:
Descriptive statistics: Cross tabulation, Frequencies, Descriptives, Explore, Descriptive Ratio
Statistics
17

Bivariate statistics: Means, t-test, ANOVA, Correlation (bivariate, partial, distances),

Nonparametric tests
Prediction for numerical outcomes: Linear regression
Prediction for identifying groups: Factor analysis, cluster analysis (two-step, K-means,
hierarchical), Discriminant
The many features of SPSS Statistics are accessible via pull-down menus or can be programmed
with a proprietary 4GL command syntax language. Command syntax programming has the
benefits of reproducibility, simplifying repetitive tasks, and handling complex data manipulations
and analyses. Additionally, some complex applications can only be programmed in syntax and
are not accessible through the menu structure. The pull-down menu interface also generates
command syntax: this can be displayed in the output, although the default settings have to be
changed to make the syntax visible to the user. They can also be pasted into a syntax file using
the "paste" button present in each menu. Programs can be run interactively or unattended, using
the supplied Production Job Facility.
Additionally a "macro" language can be used to write command language subroutines. A Python
programmability extension can access the information in the data dictionary and data and
dynamically build command syntax programs. The Python programmability extension,
introduced in SPSS 14, replaced the less functional SAX Basic "scripts" for most purposes,
although Sax Basic remains available. In addition, the Python extension allows SPSS to run any
of the statistics in the free software package R. From version 14 onwards, SPSS can be driven
externally by a Python or a VB.NET program using supplied "plug-ins". (From Version 20
onwards, these two scripting facilities, as well as many scripts, are included on the installation
media and are normally installed by default.)
SPSS Statistics places constraints on internal file structure, data types, data processing, and
matching files, which together considerably simplify programming. SPSS datasets have a twodimensional table structure, where the rows typically represent cases (such as individuals or
households) and the columns represent measurements (such as age, sex, or household income).
Only two data types are defined: numeric and text (or "string"). All data processing occurs
sequentially case-by-case through the file. Files can be matched one-to-one and one-to-many, but
not many-to-many.
18

The graphical user interface has two views which can be toggled by clicking on one of the two
tabs in the bottom left of the SPSS Statistics window. The 'Data View' shows a spreadsheet view
of the cases (rows) and variables (columns). Unlike spreadsheets, the data cells can only contain
numbers or text, and formulas cannot be stored in these cells. The 'Variable View' displays the
metadata dictionary where each row represents a variable and shows the variable name, variable
label, value label(s), print width, measurement type, and a variety of other characteristics. Cells
in both views can be manually edited, defining the file structure and allowing data entry without
using command syntax. This may be sufficient for small datasets. Larger datasets such as
statistical surveys are more often created in data entry software, or entered during computerassisted personal interviewing, by scanning and using optical character recognition and optical
mark recognition software, or by direct capture from online questionnaires. These datasets are
then read into SPSS.
SPSS Statistics can read and write data from ASCII text files (including hierarchical files), other
statistics packages, spreadsheets and databases. SPSS Statistics can read and write to external
relational database tables via ODBC and SQL.
Statistical output is to a proprietary file format (*.spv file, supporting pivot tables) for which, in
addition to the in-package viewer, a stand-alone reader can be downloaded. The proprietary
output can be exported to text or Microsoft Word, PDF, Excel, and other formats. Alternatively,
output can be captured as data (using the OMS command), as text, tab-delimited text, PDF, XLS,
HTML, XML, SPSS dataset or a variety of graphic image formats (JPEG, PNG, BMP and EMF).
SPSS Statistics Server is a version of SPSS Statistics with a client/server architecture. It had
some features not available in the desktop version, such as scoring functions. (Scoring functions
are included in the desktop version from version 19.)
Factor analysis is a statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated
variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables called factors. For
example, it is possible that variations in say six observed variables mainly reflect the variations
in two unobserved (underlying) variables. Factor analysis searches for such joint variations in
response to unobserved latent variables.

19

Independent Means T - test - The independent t-test, also called the two sample t-test or
student's t-test is an inferential statistical test that determines whether there is a statistically
significant difference between the means in two unrelated groups.
Hypothesis for the independent mean t-test
The null hypothesis for the independent t-test is that the population means from the two
unrelated groups are equal:
H0: u1 = u2
In most cases, we are looking to see if we can show that we can reject the null hypothesis and
accept the alternative hypothesis, which is that the population means are not equal:
HA: u1 u2
To do this, we need to set a significance level (alpha) that allows us to either reject or accept the
alternative hypothesis. Most commonly, this value is set at 0.05.
In order to run an independent t-test, you need the following:
One independent, categorical variable that has two levels.
One dependent variable.
Significance is looked at to decide on whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis.
One-Way ANOVA Example
One-factor ANOVA, also called one-way ANOVA is used when the study involves 3 or more
levels of a single independent variable. For example we might look at average test scores for
students exposed to one of three different teaching techniques (three levels of a single
independent variable).
ANOVA Statistics
The null hypothesis for ANOVA is that the mean (average value of the dependent variable) is the
same for all groups. The alternative or research hypothesis is that the average is not the same for
all groups.
The ANOVA test procedure produces an F-statistic, which is used to calculate the p-value. As
described in the topic on Statistical Data Analysis if p < .05, we reject the null hypothesis. We
can then conclude that the average of the dependent variable is not the same for all groups.
With ANOVA, if the null hypothesis is rejected, then all we know is that at least 2 groups are
different from each other.
Chi-square test

20

A chi-squared test, also referred to as test, is any statistical hypothesis test in which the
sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-square distribution when the null hypothesis is
true. Chi-squared tests are often constructed from a sum of squared errors, or through the sample
variance. Test statistics that follow a chi-squared distribution arise from an assumption of
independent normally distributed data, which is valid in many cases due to the central limit
theorem. A chi-squared test can then be used to reject the hypothesis that the data are
independent.
Also considered a chi-square test is a test in which this is asymptotically true, meaning that the
sampling distribution (if the null hypothesis is true) can be made to approximate a chi-square
distribution as closely as desired by making the sample size large enough. The chi-squared test is
used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the expected frequencies and
the observed frequencies in one or more categories.
If the chi-square calculated value is greater than the chi-square critical / table value, then we
reject the null hypothesis. On contrary if chi-square calculated value is less than the chi-square
critical value, then we "fail to reject" the null hypothesis.
Chapter - 6: Analysis
Technical Evaluation
Market Evaluation
Economic Evaluation
Management Evaluation
Quality Customer Service
Service Life Cycle

21

Chapter - 7: Conclusions
1. Factors like
Customer Oriented Measures -Special Offers, Shop Look, Professional Membership, Awards
and Customer Rewards
Friendliness and feasibility - convenience to living, Pricing, Quality and Rapport with staff
under it,
Literate Customer Requirements - Brand image, Look of website and Customer Review falls
Customer Needs - Recommendations and Refreshments
are to be concentrated as these are the factors that customers stress up on in choosing a salon
service
22

2.

3.

Additionally salon services should stress up on factors like

Likability with Usage
Prescribed economic salon
Also married men are observed to be preferring this service which shows an opportunity in
pushing an awareness about service in to single men which helps them save their travel time

and waiting time with competitive prices.

4. Demand for a service like salon facilities would be high in a populated city like
Visakhapatnam and growth of I.T in this city also shows a positive path for development of
the e - salon services. And our service which scales the concept high on an average says that
this service on launching would be received well and has all the possibilities of being a
successful venture

References
http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/143526
http://www.ehow.com/facts_7292560_meaning-consumer-acceptability_.html
http://searchunifiedcommunications.techtarget.com/answer/Understanding-customer-acceptance
http://www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/grow-fast-or-die-slow

23