corresponding temperature as measured with the probe.

Each
.miuic-v^crew extruder: Deep. Curvet? Cham
Temperature Distribution ir. the Screw Channel
Temperature distribution measurements in the screw channel
have been carried out for a Newtonian fluid. As described
earlier, considerable effort was spent in designing an
adequate probe. After satisfactory time response tests were
obtained, the probe was used 10 measure the temperature in
the channel. The results of one test are shown in Figure 18.
The water bath temperatures were set to 22-8-8C. The
material inlet temperature 7- was 22 C, and the temperature
traverse was made in the channel after the second water
jacket. The purpose of this test was to investigate the effect
of a sudden cooling of the materia! as it was conveyed by
the screw. The first barrel jacket was maintained at the same
temperature as Tinia, to ensure uniformity in the incoming
fluid, and then see the resulting temperature profile after a
cooling length of 90 mm. The screw speed was set to 20
rpm. Under these conditions, the die pressure Pdie was 21
bars, the mass flow rate Q was 4.32 kg/hr. and the average
extrudate temperature
fluctuated around 13C.
In Figure 18. the ordinate is the screw channel depth in
which the origin is the screw root, while the ascissa is the

data point is uie result of several readings of the probe

traveled in ana out of the cf. Tin As explained earlier, only
the reading taken at the most inward position is of importan
As shown ill Figure 18. diec barrel temperature at the soiidfiuid interface was 11.9 much higher than the set
temperature of 8 C in that region. This indicates that a nc
necligible temperature gradient exists between the jacket
water temperature and the ; tual inner barrel wall
temperature. The data also shows that the material near the
sen root was colder than the middle portion of the screw.
This observation suggests a rec culauon of the cold material
from near the barrel to near the screw root. This recircui
tion enhances the overall cooling of the entire mass of
material present in the screw, sin heat transfer will be
taking place inward from the cool barrel, and outward
toward tl center from the cold fluid near the root. At the
location at which the measurement w taken, the profile
suggests that the material is still being cooled as it is
conveyed. Eve tually (under these conditions), a uniform
temperature will be reached far downstrear near the die exit.
For this specific test, the highest temperature was located
near the cent of the channel. Other tests showed that this is
not always the case, but depended on tl extruder operating
conditions.

Figure 18

CONCLUSIONS

A series of well-controlled tests was performed on a single-screw extruder that

Temperature profile in the screw channel: barrel sei to 22/8/8'C. com syrup. 20 rpm.

has a "sel wiping" screw profile. The results of these tests can be used to
validate numerical mode for this type of screw channel. Futhermore, these tests
give considerable insight into th fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of
this type of screw.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This publication D10544-4-90 of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment

Station sup ported by state funds and the Center for Advanced Food
Technology. The Center for Ad vanced Food Technology is a New Jersey
Commission on Science and Technology Center The authors thank Prof. Y.
Jaluria for his helpful discussions and suggestions.
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