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Cl 2
P
Rotor power
1
AV 3 power in the wind
2
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(1)
Cp
ISSN:2319-6890)(online),2347-5013(print)
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A physical limit exists to the quantity of energy that can be
extracted, independent of design. The energy extraction is
maintained through reduction of kinetic energy and a
consequential drop in velocity of the wind. The magnitude of
energy harnessed is a function of the reduction in air speed over
the turbine. 100% extraction would imply zero final velocity and
therefore zero flow. The zero flow scenarios are not realistic and,
hence, it is never possible to utilize the entire kinetic energy. This
principle is widely accepted [4, 8] and indicates that wind turbine
efficiency cannot exceed 59.26%. This parameter is commonly
known as the power coefficient Cp, where max Cp = 0.5926
referred to as the Betz limit [9]. The Betz theory assumes constant
linear velocity. Therefore, any rotational forces such as wake
rotation, turbulence caused by drag or vortex shedding (tip losses)
will further reduce the maximum efficiency. Efficiency losses are
generally reduced by [8, 9]: i) avoiding low tip speed ratios which
increase wake rotation or ii) by selecting airfoils which have a
high lift to drag ratio and specialized tip geometries.
Cl
2L
v 2 c
(3)
Drag coefficient:
Cd
2D
v 2 c
(4)
(2)
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of attack is increased to get an increment in the lift of the airfoil
but however it increases drag also to a considerable amount but
cannot be increased beyond a certain limit as the lift begins to
decrease. The particular at which a first decrement of lift
appears is known as the stalling angle. Stall angle is a function
of the Reynolds number. Drag coefficient is highly dependent on
Reynolds number
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NACA 0015 airfoil shows suitable option for VAWT and hence
it is planned to conduct 3D flow analysis to analyze the flow
behavior over VAWT blade with appropriate turbulence model
in future.
References
IJER@2016
i.
Hau, E, Wind Turbines, Fundamentals, Technologies,
Application, Economics, Second edition, Springer, Berlin, Germany,
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Kishinami, K, Theoretical and experimental study on the
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Energy 2005, 30, 20892100.
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David A. Spera, Wind turbine technology, Fundamental
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iv.
Gorban, A.N, Gorlov, A.M, Silantyev, V.M, Limits of the
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J. F. Manwell, J.G. McGovan, A.L.Rogers, Wind energy
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Gasch, R, Twele, J, Wind Power Plants; Solar praxis: Berlin,
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Burton, T. Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley and Sons Ltd,
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Anderson, John D, Jr, Fundamentals of Aerodynamics,
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