STREAMLINING PROCEDURES FOR CLEARANCE OF

BUILDING PROJECTS
1. INTRODUCTION

In India, the need and demand for both housing and infrastructure are enormous.
With the population crossing 1027 million in 2001, the magnitude of housing
shortage at the end of the 10th Plan was around 24.7 million units for 67.4 million
households. Further, it was estimated that 99% of this shortage pertains to EWS
& LIG categories. During the 11th Plan, it is estimated that the total housing
requirement (including backlog) will be to the tune of 26.53 million units for 75.01
million households.

The share of real estate as a percentage of Indias GDP has risen from 5.25% to
over 7% from 2002 to 2007. Returns from this sector exceed those for most other
investment alternatives. Yields on commercial real estate across million plus
cities in India are higher than those prevalent in global real estate markets. With
the revolution in the service sector over the last decade, the rise in the sectors
share of GDP to 50% marks a shift in the Indian economy and takes it closer to
that of a developed economy.

Real estate plays a catalytic role in fulfilling the need and demand for housing for
various classes. Equally important is need to provide backup infrastructure
covering utilities such as water supply, sewerage, drainage, solid waste
management, roads and transport as well as social infrastructure like schools,
health and recreation facilities, commercial infrastructure like markets/malls,
office complexes, technology parks etc. The cumulative effect, places the onus
on real estate and construction sector for providing an opportunity for conferring
social benefits.

While undertaking construction projects like residential, commercial or industrial

etc., it has been observed that obtaining clearances for the Building Projects has
become cumbersome and lengthy. .As per the World Bank publication entitled
Doing Business, 2010, procedures, time and cost for a small to medium-size
enterprise to obtain all the necessary approvals to build a commercial structure
and connect it to electricity, water, sewerage and telecommunications services
takes an unduly long time in India . In the Chapter Dealing with Construction
Permits, assessment in terms of time taken for issuing construction permits and
procedure involved have been highlighted as follows..

Dealing with construction permits

175th Rank

Procedures (number) 37

Time (days) 195

Cost (% of income per capita)

2,394.9

Source: Doing Business, 2010, World Bank

India ranks 175, in terms of dealing with construction permits and on an average
there are 37 procedures involved before obtaining permission for undertaking
construction. Similarly, the cost incurred is about 2394 % of per capita income. It
clearly signifies that the procedure for obtaining clearances is time consuming
and projects often get stalled due to delay in obtaining clearances from various
agencies.

Similarly, as per CII draft report on Streamlining approval process for Housing
Projects, the approval process for housing projects is complex and a developer
needs to get about 51 approvals from the respective state authorities and other
agencies. There are few approvals like approval for Land use (use conversion in
Master Plan), and Environmental clearance that consume most of the time and
2

consequently delay the projects. The duration for taking these specific approvals
is about six months to one year and sometimes it stretches to two years
especially for approvals related to land.

Realizing, the importance of streamlining the approval procedure for obtaining

clearances and making the same less cumbersome and transparent ,it is
necessary to revisit the approval procedure and make the ULB a Single point
source for granting all approvals. Hence, the objectives of the instant report are:

To review the existing procedures for obtaining clearances for

undertaking construction projects.

To develop a model for streamlining the procedure of building

sanctions.

2. NEED

FOR

STREAMLINING

THE

BUILDING

APPROVAL/SANCTION

PROCEDURE

The powers to frame Building Regulations/Bye-Laws vest with the Urban Local
Body or Urban Development Authority of State Government under statutory
provisions.

Building Regulations/Bye laws are a set of laws and procedures that all building
practitioners, such as builders, architects, design consultants, and contractors,
have to abide by, when engaging in the construction of a new building or in the
modification of an existing building with structural changes .

The core issue of Building Regulations is to obtain number of clearances related

to building projects. These, apart from others, enable start of construction,
obtaining approvals at various stages of construction, completion, occupancy

certificate etc. They allow ULBs / Development Authorities to enforce building

regulations that are required to be adopted as part of construction activities.
The main objective of building bye laws is to ensure the health and safety of the
community at large.

At present, the approval processes involved in construction projects is complex.

In most cities, the end result is oversight on safety, and higher costs for the
community. ULBs and Development Authorities lose the opportunity to generate
more revenue and Builders and Developers lose the chance to access formal
financing sources, as they are unable to back their loans with formally-registered
assets.

Hence, revisiting the building bye laws to simplify/streamline the approval

process is an important reform that needs to be undertaken in a systematic
manner. The objective of the reform is to develop harmonious and planned urban
development. Establishing such a process under which the reform can be
undertaken is guided by the municipal legislative framework. Reforming the
building permission process and incorporating changes in various procedures
may be done by the ULB or Urban Development Authority of State Government
within the existing procedures that allow such changes.

3. PREVAILING SYSTEM OF OBTAINING CLEARANCES

Land and Real Estate Development are State subjects. The procedure for
obtaining clearances varies from city to city in terms of time and number of
clearances as decided by the Urban Local Body/Urban Development Authority of
city concerned. Some examples are given as under:

In Bangalore, Indore, Ludhiana and Thiruvananthapuram it requires 30

days to secure a building permit while in cities like Delhi, Kolkata,
Mumbai, Ranchi and Surat, it requires 60 days.
4

On an average, it took 186 days in Mumbai to get approval although 10%

cases got approved within 60 days. In Delhi, it takes over 60 days to
secure a building permit while in Greater NOIDA and Ahmedabad etc. it
takes a week to get the building plans sanctioned.

On an average, Bangalore (25 days) and Indore (28 days), took less than
the stipulated time of 30 days while cities like Surat, Thiruvananthapuram
and Ranchi took more than 200 days to obtain building permit as per file
study. Delays in meeting the required deficiencies on the part of the
applicant are cited as the major reason for taking longer time for
approval.

As per data collected by CII on the overall approvals required in most of

the housing projects in Delhi, Haryana, Noida / Greater Noida,
Rajasthan, Punjab and Maharashtra, it has been observed that as per
the following table, 51 approvals are required by housing projects that
vary from approvals required for land to approvals for putting in place
basic amenities like electricity, water, connecting roads, etc.

Procedures

Cities
Delhi
Ludhiana
Kolkata

Ranchi
Mumbai
Surat

Trivandrum
Bangalore
Indore *
Lucknow

Procedure 1
Site
Inspection
(from the date
of receipt of
application)

Procedure 2
Scrutiny
(from the
date of
inspection)

Procedure 3
Sanction
(from the
date of
submission
of
application)

10 days
Not specified
7 days

30 days
Not specified
On spot
during
inspection

60 days
60 days
60 days

Not specified
Not specified
Any time
during
construction
without prior
notice
Not specified
15 days
Not specified
Not specified

Not specified
Not specified
Not specified

60 days
60 days
60 days

Not specified

30 days
30 days
30 days
30 days

Not specified
Not specified

In case of deficiencies:
Procedure 5
Procedure 4
Completion
Corrections/
of
Compliance
Compliance
intimated
(from the date of (After
intimation)
submission of
application)
45 days
30 days
Not specified
Not specified
Verbally intimated 7-30 days
to the LBS
engaged by the
applicant on spot
during inspection
or from office on
the next day
30 days
30 days
Not specified
Not specified
Not specified

30 days

Not specified

30 days
30 days

Not specified
Not specified

Procedure 6
Sanction
(from the
date of
Compliance)

15 days
Not specified
15 days

Not specified
60days
30 days

30 days
30 days
30 days
Not specified

Source: Building Bye laws of respective cities. (NIUA)

* 90 days at times

NIUA Study on Doing Bussiness, 2008 brings forth the fact that reforms
have facilitated doing business in many Indian cities although some cities
still have cumbersome procedures involving high costs and delays
particularly in obtaining construction licenses. Bangalore, Delhi and Surat
involve least procedures in obtaining construction licenses. Bangalore
also requires least time (92 days) as compared to 149 days in Mumbai
and 285 days in Ranchi. Delhi incurs the least cost and Kolkata the
maximum when construction cost as a percentage of per capita income
of the respective city is considered.

The following figure attempts to explain the time taken to obtain building permits
as per NIUA Report,

As per bye-laws, Bangalore, Indore, Ludhiana and Trivandrum require 30

days to secure building permit. The remaining cities of Delhi,
Kolkata,Ludhiana, Mumbai, Ranchi and Surat require 60 days.

On an average, in Mumbai it took 186 days to get approval although 10%

cases got approved within 60 days, which is explained by the line graph .

4. AN OVERVIEW OF BUILDING BYE-LAWS IN SELECT CITIES

Building permit issued by any city authority is governed by the building

byelaws applicable to the city. As per the building byelaws, an application for new
construction should be accompanied by various documents, as well as affidavits.

Further, no person is supposed to erect, re-erect or make alteration

without obtaining a separate building permit for each such building from the local
7

body. It is in the interest of the public to get the building plan sanctioned. This
ensures that building constructed is structurally safe and has provisions for light ,
ventilation, hygienic conditions and is in conformity to the provisions of respective
Master Plans and Zoning regulations. Any construction raised without such
sanction is liable for demolition under various sections of building byelaws. It is
also mandatory under the byelaws to obtain a completion certificate without
which no person is permitted to occupy the building.

Urban development being a State subject, it has resulted in a great deal of

variance of policies and procedures across States. Building byelaws essentially
govern the sanctioning of new constructions and additions/ alterations and
related matters like FAR stipulations, setbacks in different types of buildings etc.
It is, however, generally observed that in most cities buildings are being
constructed without compliance to building byelaws. People often build houses
without obtaining building permits and developers build, disregarding sanctioned
plans.

In the NCT of Delhi, only about 35% of the buildings have adhered to
building byelaws. This is because the provisions of the building byelaws often
entail cumbersome procedures, which are expensive and time consuming. The
following section overviews the mandatory/ special requirements for building
permits across cities.

5. MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR APPLICATION FOR BUILDING

PERMITS ACROSS SELECT CITIES

Proof of ownership, approved sub division/layout survey number,

specifications, supervision certificate, development permission fee receipt,
structural stability certificate, NOC from property tax department and various
affidavits & undertakings are the general mandatory requirements across all
cities. In addition, security deposit (Mumbai and Bangalore), Rainwater
8

harvesting certificate (Delhi and Lucknow), Malba certificate (Delhi) and NBO
certificate (Delhi and Bangalore) are needed only in few cities.

Notice: There are several mandatory documentary requirements necessary for

applying for building permits. Every building permit application is required to be
submitted in a prescribed form, commonly referred to as notice in cities like
Delhi, Surat, Ludhiana, Mumbai and application in Trivandrum, Cochin, Kolkata,
Ranchi, Indore, Lucknow and Bangalore. In Lucknow the application form is
locally referred to as Ankara form.

Plan: It includes key plan or location plan showing the boundary and location of
the site for most of the cities. However, in Mumbai, neighborhood landmarks are
also included in key plan. Here, the site plan is also very exhaustive and includes
the boundary of the site. The same is true for Trivandrum, Surat and Ludhiana. In
Surat, twenty requirements have been listed. In most of the other cities, such
details are not specified in the byelaws. In case of Mumbai and Surat, the sub
division or lay out plan is also required where development is proposed by sub
division or involves a lay out plan. However, in case of Mumbai it is more detailed
and exhaustive. Building plan requirements are also very extensive and
additional requirements with regard to multi storied or special buildings are to be
indicated in details. Bangalore city also has a detailed requirement of building
plan.

Proof of ownership: In all cities, the applicant is supposed to submit satisfactory

legal evidence of his right to develop or to build on the land in question. This
proof of ownership may be in the form of lease deed, sale deed, etc and has to
be submitted along with the building plan application. In Surat, extracts from
property register for city survey lands or an extract from the Record of Rights for
revenue lands may also be used as a property document. In Mumbai, in addition
to ownership document, property register card is also required. In addition, the
statement of area of the holding by triangulation method from a licensed
9

technical personnel or architect along with an affidavit from the owner is required.
In Bangalore, a copy of the property card along with the sketch issued by the
Department of Survey and Settlement, Land Records (City Survey) and latest
Assessment Book Extract issued by the Corporation indicating the measurement
of the property is required. Likewise, in Surat an applicant is supposed to submit
a certified copy of approved sub-division/layout of final plot from the concerned
Authority or latest approved sub-division/layout of city survey numbers or
revenue numbers from relevant Authority as the case may be, showing the area
and measurements of the plot or land on which the proposed construction is to
take place. The Authority may dispense with this requirement if the applicant
proves ownership on the basis of other documentary evidence.

Specifications: Particulars of the proposed building giving details of coverage of

respective

floors,

approximate

number

of

inhabitants

proposed

to

be

accommodated, number of latrines, urinals, kitchens, baths, source of water to

be used in the construction, distance from public sewer and materials to be used
in construction are to be specified as per the bye-laws of cities of Delhi, Mumbai
and Ludhiana. In Bangalore and Surat, the detailed plans (include) specifications
are to be given whereas in others, details are not specified.

Supervision certificate: The application for building permit has to be

accompanied by a certificate of supervision in the prescribed form by the
licensed surveyor/ engineer/ structural engineer/ supervisor or architect, as the
case may be. Such appendices are to be attached with the form in cities of Delhi,
Mumbai, Bangalore.
Development permission fee receipt: In Mumbai, it is specified that the notice
shall be accompanied by a attested copy of the receipt of payment of the
development permission application fee. In Ranchi, scales of fees for
development permit have been specified for different types of buildings.

10

In Mumbai, to ensure compliance with the Regulations and the directions given in
the sanctioned plan and other conditions, a security deposit13, is charged at rates
specified by the Commissioner. It is to be returned to the owner one year after
the issue of the full occupancy certificate after the Commissioner is satisfied with
the compliance of various conditions stipulated in the said, full occupancy
certificate.

Structural Stability certificate: This certificate is issued by a structural engineer

to indicate that the building plans submitted for approval satisfy the safety
requirement as stipulated in the byelaws. In Bangalore, fitness of foundation of
the building is certified by a foundation certificate.

Rainwater Harvesting certificate: This certificate is necessary in rain deficit

areas. In Delhi, plot sizes above 100 sqm. have to comply with this requirement
whereas in Lucknow the compliance is necessary for plots above 200 sqm.

Malba certificate: This is a requirement only in the case of Delhi. Although,

stacking charges are compulsory in other cities, no certificates are necessary for
submission.

National Building Organization (NBO) Schedule: Information pertaining to the

new construction has to be filled in a prescribed schedule for submitting to NBO.

Up-to-date property tax receipt: A receipt for having paid up to date property
tax to the ULB has to be attached for all cities.

Affidavits & Undertakings: Several affidavits and undertakings need to be

submitted along with the notice for building permit sanction. In case of Delhi, for
example, an Indemnity Bond in case of proposal for the construction of a
basement; an affidavit for declaration of no collaboration agreement; and an
affidavit for declaration of collaboration agreement; an undertaking for not
11

creating any extra dwelling unit and an affidavit to the affect that building
materials shall not be stacked on Government land in cases of plot size more
than 418 sqm. are required. In Mumbai, the owner/developer/contractor has to
give an undertaking to the effect that during the period of construction, facilities
like day-care center, non-formal education programme, etc should be made
available to the workers.

Additional Clearances required in certain cases for building permit across

cities:

1.

In case of any deviation from the terms and conditions stipulated in the lease
deed/ownership document, necessary clearance from the lessor.

2.

NOC from the competent authority regarding land use as per Master
Plan/Zonal Plan, if required.

3.

Approval from the Chief Inspector of Factories in case of industrial buildings.

4.

N.O.C. from Pollution Control Board of the respective state.

5.

Approval from Chief Controller of Explosives, Nagpur and Chief Fire Officer,
in case of hazardous buildings.

6.

Proof of existing structures in the shape of previous sanctioned building plan

and completion certificate if the proposals are for additions/ alterations.

7.

Approval of Urban Art Commission wherever required under DUAC Act shall
have to be obtained before sanction of building plans in case of Delhi.

8.

Recommendations of Chief Fire Officer in case of industrial, institutional and

multi-storeyed buildings shall have to be obtained.

9.

N.O.C. from Power Companies in case of group housing schemes and in

case of institutional buildings.

10. N.O.C. from ASI in case of plot falling within 300 mtrs. of any protected
monument.
11. N.O.C. from Metro Rail Authority in case plot is falling within MRTS corridor.
12

N.O.C. from Railway Authority in case plot is falling within railway corridor.

12

13. N.O.C. from Airport Authority in case plot is falling in close proximity to the
airport and in case of high rise buildings.
14. N.O.C. from Soil Department, Survey and Valuation and boundary
declaration department in case of Kolkata
15. N.O.C from Defence in case plot falls in proximity of Defence Land.

Applying for Occupancy Certificate (OC) / Completion Certificate (CC) is

mandatory in all cities. However, very few individuals or developers apply for
these in most cities. This may be attributed to the rigorous inspections and
compliance of construction with the original sanctioned plan. In Mumbai,
Trivandrum, Surat and Bangalore, OC/CC is issued subject to compliance of the
construction specifications. In Delhi, individuals do not apply for the OC/CC. It is
only the builders and housing societies who apply for the OC/CC. The issuance
of such certificates involves speed money. Further, the penalty for noncompliance is negligible, which encourages individuals to take possession and
occupy the building without obtaining OC/CC.

13

6. PAST ATTEMPTS FOR STREAMLINING REGULATIONS

The parameters Dealing with Licenses was discussed in the meeting of

Committee of Secretaries held on 22nd November, 2006, wherein the following
decisions were taken:

A Committee comprising of Ministries/Departments of Urban

Development, Industrial policy and Promotion and Labour to examine
the issue pertaining to issuance of licenses and to suggest methods
for reducing the procedures therein to 15 and the time taken for
completing them to a maximum of 200 days.

All Ministries/Departments are requested to examine the extant

procedures prevalent for various business activities and initiate steps
for streamlining and reducing them.

7. GOVINDRAJAN COMMITTEE

A Committee under the Chairmanship of Shri V. Govindrajan was set up

by the Cabinet Secretariat for re-engineering

regulatory processes, both

upstream (prior to investment approval) and downstream (during implementation)

and devising incentive mechanisms for adoption at state / municipal level as the
thrust areas and priority items of the Government.

With regard to the Urban Development Sector, the Committee

recommended to streamline the processes of land acquisition, change of
land use and approval of building plans. These are important processes,
which by and large determine the future growth and the development of a
city/town. However, the procedures related to these processes takes unduly long
time and also lack transparency in many instances.

14

In order to accelerate the follow up action of the recommendations of

Govindarajan Committee, the MoUD requested State Governments to take
adequate measures for re-engineering the regulatory process with regard to land
acquisition, change of landuse, building plan approval besides introducing urban
reforms so as to implement e-governance and ensure complete transparency.

8.

FORMAT OF DEALING WITH LICENSES

The format of Dealing with Licenses as per the World Bank Report Doing
Business in 2007 is indicated below which may be simplified and procedures
and number of days be minimized.

Procedure

Nature of Procedure

Duration

No.

(Days)

1.

Obtain Construction Drawing Plan

145

2.

Obtain approval of construction from the Area Development

30

Authorities during construction

3.

Notify the Municipal Corporation (MC) of the foundation of the

construction
4.

Chief Engineer of MC inspects the site

5.

Receive inspection of the plinth of the building

6.

Request inspection in the midway during the construction

7.

Receive inspection in the midway during the construction

8.

After Construction is completed

9.

Apply for completion certificate

14

10.

Final Inspection by MC

11.

Apply

for approval

of completed construction

from Fire

14

Department
12.

Fire Dept. Inspects the completed construction

13.

Obtain Occupancy permit

30

14.

Receive inspection for obtaining occupancy certificate

15.

Apply for permanent water and sewerage connection

65

16.

Water Supplier inspects the construction and set up connections

17.

Water Supplier approves the construction and set up connections

15

Procedure

Nature of Procedure

Duration

No.

(Days)

18.

Apply for permanent power connection

40

19.

Apply for telephone connection

14

20.

Telephone supplier inspects the construction and sets up

connection

Total

Total

=20

procedures

9.

Days>200

A MODEL FOR STREAMLING THE PROCEDURES INVOLVING VARIOUS

CLEARANCES FOR BUILDING PROJECTS

Rather than remove regulations and risk compromising life, safety or the
environment, the most effective streamlining initiatives need to focus on lining
up all regulatory agencies in a predictable linear process with emphasis on
facilitating

rather than hindering

builders/developers. The One-Stop Shop

Permit Centre Model/ Single Window System is an innovation that is growing

in popularity among the ULBs and Development Authorities. All agencies
involved in the process need to be physically located in a single facility, often
connected by a shared computer system. Efforts have to be made to constitute
teams comprising of experts from various agencies to be formed under the
overall supervision of a Town Planner from ULB/Development Authority,
designated to assist developers/builders with complex projects and to constantly
improve the sanction process by cutting down delays.

Recognizing the concern for streamlining the procedures for clearances to be

obtained from various departments in least possible number of procedures and
number of days, the following model is suggested:

16

S.No.

Type of approval

Approving
Authority

Stage of project

Site Layout approval

Pre construction

Building Layout Approval

Intimation of Disapproval
(IOD)
(Whether
applicable )
NOC
(if
near
sea/coastal areas)

Development
Authority/
Municipality
Development
Authority/
Municipality
Development
Authority/
Municipality
Coastal
Zone
Management
Authority
NHAI/PWD
Archaeological
Survey
of
India(ASI)
Ministry
of
Environment
Central Ground
Water Authority
Fire Department

5.
6.

Road access
Ancient
Monument
approval

7.

10

Environment clearance
(EC)
Borewell
Registration
Certificate
Fire Fighting Scheme
Approval
AAI Height NoC

11

Defence Clearance

12

Electric Substation NoC

(for
all
substation
/transformers
in
the
building)
Damp Proof Certificate
(On Site)
Pollution Clearance

8.
9

13
14
15

Building
Certificate

16

Service Plan Clearance

and
Service
Connections
(Water,
Sewer, Power, Gas,
Telecom)
Occupancy Certificate

17

completion

Total No. of Approval = 17

Normal
Duration
(Days)

Reduction
in duration,
if Online
process is
introduced

Reduced
Duration
(Days)

30-60

10

Pre construction

15

10

Pre construction

30-60

Pre construction
Pre construction

30
30

20
20

10
10

Pre construction

180

150

30

Pre construction

15

10

Pre construction

30

20

10

Civil
Aviation
Department
Ministry
of
Defence
Electricity
Distribution
Authority

Pre construction

30-60

15

Pre construction

180

30

During
construction

15

10

Development
Authority
State Pollution
control Board
Development
Authority/
Municipality
Service
Departments/
Parastatals

During
construction
During
construction
Post construction

30-60

15

30-60

Post construction

30

20

10

Development
Authority/
Municipality

Post construction

15

10

Pre construction

Total Duration

17

300-360

90-100

Explanatory Notes:
1. The above Table indicates the processes after the applicant applies for
building approval with clear land title and possession of land. Hence,
clearances related to CLU and Land Title has not been considered.
2. The table illustrates the Duration of clearances obtained in Normal course
and suggests the reduced duration if The Approving Authority adopts online
sanctions.
3. Clearances indicated at S Nos. 4-10 are concurrent with applications at the
pre-construction stages, wherein their process of approval can be taken up
simultaneously.
4. Clearances indicated at S Nos. 11-13 are concurrent with applications
during-construction stage, wherein their process of approval can be taken up
simultaneously.
5. S No. 15 has to be linked with S No. 14, once applicant receives the
Completion Certificate, service plan clearances and connections would be
deemed to be sanctioned.

10.

OPTIONS FOR REDUCING THE TIME LINE

The above suggested model is only indicative, however, there is scope for
streamlining the procedures for clearances to be obtained from various
departments in the least possible number of procedures and number of days.
The model should serve as a guide to Urban Local Bodies and Development
Authorities for adoption. Since the number of procedures and duration varies
from state to state, as per the local conditions, the model would require
modifications to suit a specific city. Some of the options which can reduce the
time taken for various procedures are:

(a)

Online sanctions:

Some of the ULBs /Development Authorities like

Pune Municipal Corporation and West Bengal Housing and Industrial

Development Corporation have introduced online sanction for issuing
18

building plan and completion certificate. This process reduces the time
taken to a large extent. The example of Pune and West Bengal may be
considered in other States.

(b)

Empowering Architects, Engineers and Surveyors to issue the

building permits/completion certificate. Empowering professionals will
streamline the procedure for obtaining approvals.

The ULBs /

Development Authorities may empanel such professionals based on

their track record. They can, also on behalf of Developers/builders
submit the documents required at the time of various clearances.
(c)

Outsourcing procedures: Some countries like USA, Australia and New

Zealand have outsourced work pertaining to clearances and have
appointed firms /companies to undertake the work on behalf of
Authorities. This has been working very successfully and the procedure
for obtaining clearances is free of any hassles and the same has
become transparent and streamlined. Prior to outsourcing, the process
of obtaining building permit in these countries faced the same problems
that the ULBs/Development Authorities of India are facing.

(d)

Creating a Cell in ULB/Development Authorities for obtaining

clearances:

There is a need for creating a specialized cell in

ULB/Development Authorities which is manned by qualified personnel

conversant with the procedures and the interpretation of development
regulations. The Cell should be headed by a qualified Town Planner who
should lead a team of Architects, Engineers, Environment Specialist and
Legal Experts among others.

19