CAPACITY of Service Reservoir

Problem : A service reservoir is to be designed for a water supply serving

250,000 people with an average demand of 600 L/day/capita and a fire flow
of 37,000 L/min.
Solution :
The required storage is the sum of:
(1) volume to supply the demand in excess of the maximum daily demand,
(2) fire storage, and
(3) emergency storage
(1) The volume to supply the peak demand can be taken as 25% of the
maximum daily demand. The maximum daily demand factor is 1.8 times the
average demand. The maximum daily flow rate is therefore:
Qm = 1.8(600 L/d /capita) ( 250,000 people)= 2.7x108 L/day = 2.7x105 m3/day
The corresponding volume is therefore:
Vpeak =(0.25)(2.75x103 m/day)= 67,500 m3
(2) The fire flow of 37,000 L/min (0.62 m3/sec) must be maintained for at least 9
hours. The volume to supply the fire demand is therefore:
Vfire =(0.62m3/sec)(9hours)(3,600 sec/hr)= 20,100m3
(3) The emergency storage can be taken as the average daily demand:
Vemer =(250,000 people)(600L/day/capita)= 150x106 L = 150,000m3
The required volume of the service reservoir is therefore:
V = Vpeak +Vfire +Vemer
= 67,500 m3 + 20,100 m3 +150,000 m3 = 237,600 m3

Determining Required Storage Amount

Example : Hourly demands on the day of maximum water consumption are given in
Table below. Fire flow requirements are 190L/s for duration of 3h. Plot the hourly water
consumption rates. Calculate the distribution storage needed for both equalizing
demand & fire reserve.
Time
(hr)

Hourly
Consumption
(l/m)
2170
2100
2020
1970
1980
2080
3630
5190

0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8

Time
(hr)
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16

Hourly
Consumption
(l/s)
5620
5900
6040
6320
6440
6370
6320
6340

Time
(hr)

Hourly
Consumption
(l/s)
6640
7320
9333
8320
5050
2570
2470
2290

16-17
17-18
18-19
19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24

Solution :
Time
(hr)

Hourly
Consumption
(l/m)

Hourly
Consumption
(l)

Cumulative
consumption
(l)

Deficit/Surplus

(B)

(C)

(D)

E = Dav-C

(A)

0-1
1-2
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
9-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
13-14
14-15
15-16
16-17
17-18
18-19

2170
2100
2020
1970
1980
2080
3630
5190
5620
5900
6040
6320
6440
6370
6320
6340
6640
7320
9333

130200
126000
121200
118200
118800
124800
217800
311400
337200
354000
362400
379200
386400
382200
379200
380400
398400
439200
559980

130200
256200
377400
495600
614400
739200
957000
1268400
1605600
1959600
2322000
2701200
3087600
3469800
3849000
4229400
4627800
5067000
5626980

156008
160208
165008
168008
167408
161408
68408
-25192
-50992
-67792
-76192
-92992
-100192
-95992
-92992
-94192
-112192
-152992
-273772

Deficit

Surplus
Surplus
Surplus
Surplus
Surplus
Surplus
Surplus
-25192
-50992
-67792
-76192
-92992
-100192
-95992
-92992
-94192
-112192
-152992
-273772

19-20
20-21
21-22
22-23
23-24

8320
5050
2570
2470
2290

499200
303000
154200
148200
137400

6126180
6429180
6583380
6731580
6868980

Average

4770.125 l/m
286208 l/hr
Dav = Average hourly demand = daily
Cumulative demand/24
Deficit/Surplus = Average hourly demand
actual hourly demand

Balancing Storage
Total deficit in demand and supply = 1465280 l
Fire demand
190 l/s for 3 hrs = 190*3600*3 = 2052000 l
Breakdown Storage :
25% of average daily demand = 0.25 x6868980 = 1717245 l
Total Storage Required
= 1465280 + 2052000 + 1717245
= 5234525 l

-212992
-16792
132008
138008
148808
(- sign deficit)

-212992
-16792
Surplus
Surplus
Surplus
1465268