Bacteria help us in many ways.

They help plants roots by making of manure, minerals in soil

and fixation of nitrogen in soil. They are also needed in Industries to make lactic acid, alcohol,
tanning of leather, rotting of flax, ripening of tea leaves, Lactobacillus bacteria is used to make
curd by converting milk into curd, Acetobacter acetic bacteria helps in making vinegar, etc.
Harmful bacteria cause many diseases such as typhoid, cholera, and diarrhea. Food poisoning
occurs by eating spoiled food. So we should not eat spoiled food as it may have Clostridium
botulinum which causes food poisoning. Some harmful bacteria are Clostridium botulinum which
causes food poisoning, Salmonellatyphi which causes typhoid, Vibrio cholerae which causes c
Fungi as yeast are used to make alcohol, idli, dhokla and many other South Indian dishes. Yeast
is also used in bakery industries to make dough. The process of making dishes by yeast is
known as fermentation process. Fungi such as Penicillium notatum is used to make as
antibiotics called Penicillin. Some fungi as mushrooms are also used as food like in curry, soup
and pulao.
Fungi cause a large number of diseases in plants as well as in animals. They cause rust
diseases in plants and ringworm disease of human beings. They also cause fruit rot of apple,
early blight of potato, and red rot of sugar cane. They can as well as cause infection on skin,
scalp, and nails in human beings. Some of harmful fungi spoils food like Aspergillus spoils
jellies, pickles, bread, etc.holera, Bacillus coli which causes diarrhea, etc.
Some of them are symbiotic in nature, thus, help in benefitting other organisms in many ways.
Some forms of protozoa help in the final degradation of waste and sewage. They are also used
as research material for various biological activities.
Harmful protozoa like E. gingivalis causes pyorrhea, infection of gums and bad breath. E.
histolytica lives in the large intestine of human and causes Amoebic dysentery. Plasmodium
causes malaria fever and Trypanosome causes sleeping sickness.
Usefulness of virus can be realized by their very simple nature, easy availability, crystallization,
storing and multiplication in cells and because of these reasons they are used for scientific
researches such as in biotechnology, gene therapy, genetic engineering and for making insect
killing viruses, antibiotics, etc.

Harmful viruses cause viral diseases of animals like common cold, herpes, smallpox, hepatitis,
influenza, polio and rabies. Some viruses are also implicated in the development of cancer.
They also cause plant's viral diseases like yellowing and blistering of leaves and stem. Only
antiviral drugs are effective against certain viral diseases and vaccines.

ooked food get spoiled within less time as compared to uncooked

food because cooked food has more moisture, higher temperature,
more air and most of the times high pH which are suitable
conditions for the growth of microorganisms.

Washing your hands is the best Keeping hands clean through improved hand hygiene is one of the

most important steps we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others. Many
diseases and conditions are spread by not washing hands way