SANJEET SINGH
42 32 25 5 km 2
Average speed=
Average velocity=
Displacement
Time interval
Problem: A car moves at a constant speed of 60 km/hr for 1 km and 40 km/hr for next 1 km.
What is the average speed of the car?
Solution:
48 km/hr
x
x
1
1
5
t1 t2
5
1
2
v1 v2 60 40 120
Average speed=
dx
dt
[Note: The speedometer of an automobile measures the instantaneous speed of the automobile]
Uniform motion:
The motion of a body is said to be uniform if it covers equal distances in equal interval of time.
Non-uniform or Variable Speed:
If an object covers unequal distance in equal intervals of time, then its speed is called nonuniform or variable speed.
Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity with respect to time is called acceleration.
Acceleration=
Change in velocity
time
[Note: Acceleration can be positive, zero or negative. Positive acceleration means velocity
increasing with time, zero acceleration means velocity is uniform while negative acceleration
(retardation) means velocity decreasing with time]
Graphs:
(1) Displacement time graph ( x t graph):
1
(ii) S ut at 2
2
(iii) v2 u 2 2aS
(ii) h ut
1 2
gt
2
(iii) v 2 u 2 2 gh
1
(ii) h ut gt 2
2
(iii) v 2 u 2 2 gh
[Note: (a) Time taken to reach maximum height (at max. height, v 0 )
tA u
2h
u2
2g
(c) A ball is dropped from a building of height h and it reaches after t seconds on earth. From
the same building if two balls are thrown (one upwards and other downwards) with the same
velocity u and they reach the earth surface after t1 and t2 seconds respectively, then t t1t2 .
(d) When a body is dropped freely from the top of the tower and another body is projected
horizontally from the same point, both will reach the ground at the same time.]