Section A

[60 marks]
Answer all questions from this section.
1. Figures 1(a) and (b) shows two different brands of washing powder.

BRAND P

BRAND Q

Washing powder with

added enzymes

Washing powder with

added enzymes

Can be used with warm

water 35o to 40oC

Can be used with warm

water 70o to 80oC

Puan Aminah uses brand P washing powder and tap water of temperature of 20 0C to remove
food stains from white shirts. She found that cleaning was less effective.
(a) Name three enzymes that are likely to be present in the soap powder used to remove
food stains from the shirts.
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(3 marks)
(b) Using the information above explain why the cleaning is less effective using tap water?
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(2 marks)
(c) Suggest what would happen if the shirts are washed using hot water (60oC) and brand P
washing powder.
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(2 marks)
(d) Brand Q is a different type of washing powder that can be used with hot water (70-80 oC)
to remove more dirt from clothes. Use your biological knowledge about enzymes to
explain why it is possible to use brand Q washing powder at high temperature of 70
80oC?
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(3 marks)
2. The table below shows the results of an experiment to study the effects of varying
condition of pH on the hydrolysis of a substrate X by a particular enzyme Y.
pH
Time taken for hydrolysis of substrate (minute)
3
18
4
12
5
8
6
4
6.8
2
7
3
8
10
9
18
(a) Plot a graph to show the effects of varying condition of pH on hydrolysis of substrate X by
an enzyme Y.
(b) What is the optimum pH for the activity of this particular enzyme at a constant
temperature of 37oC?
(c) Give an explanation for your answer in (b).
(d)