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Chapter 1 Homework
Due: 9:00am on Tuesday, September 1, 2009
Note: To understand how points are awarded, read your instructor's Grading Policy.
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Consistency of Units
In physics, every physical quantity is measured with respect to a unit. Time is measured in seconds, length is measured in meters, and mass is measured in kilograms. Knowing the units of physical quantities will help
you solve problems in physics.
Part A
Gravity causes objects to be attracted to one another. This attraction keeps our feet firmly planted on the ground and causes the moon to orbit the earth. The force of gravitational attraction is represented by the equation
,
where
Hint A.1
and
with
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
One consequence of Einstein's theory of special relativity is that mass is a form of energy. This mass-energy relationship is perhaps the most famous of all physics equations:
,
where
is mass,
. For the preceding equation to have consistent units (the same units on both sides of the equation), the units of
ANSWER:
Correct
To solve the types of problems typified by these examples, we start with the given equation. For each symbol whose units we know, we replace the symbol with those units. For example, we replace
with
We now solve this equation for the units of the unknown variable.
Measurements in SI Units
Familiarity with SI units will aid your study of physics and all other sciences.
Part A
What is the approximate height of the average adult in centimeters?
Hint A.1
ANSWER:
100
200
300
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Correct
If you're not familiar with metric units of length, you can use your body to develop intuition for them. The average height of an adult is 5
is about 50
. Ten
(1
6.4
Part B
Approximately what is the mass of the average adult in kilograms?
Hint B.1
ANSWER:
80
500
1200
Correct
1590
Correct
Sometimes you will need to change units twice to get the final unit that you want. Suppose that you know how to convert from centimeters to inches and from inches to feet. By doing both, in order, you can convert from
centimeters to feet.
Part B
Suppose that a particular artillery piece has a range
Hint B.1
= 1.696104
and
= 9.64
Correct
1.696104
), but in physics you will almost always work in SI units. Therefore, you must convert
).
Part C
What is the speed of a car going
and
Hint C.1
in SI units? Notice that you will need to change from miles to meters and from hours to seconds. You can do each conversion separately. Use the facts that
.
Hint C.2
= 0.447
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Correct
. It might be valuable to remember this, as you may frequently need to convert from miles per hour into more useful SI units. By
remembering this relationship in the future, you can reduce this task to a single conversion.
Problem 1.23
Convert the following to SI units:
Part A
9.79
ANSWER:
9.79
9.79106
9.79106
Correct
Part B
3.42 km
ANSWER:
3420 mm
3420 m
3.42 m
Correct
Part C
47.0 cm/ms
ANSWER:
470 cm/min
47.0 km/ms
470 m/s
Correct
Part D
60.0 km/hour
ANSWER:
16.7 m/s
60.0 m/min
16.7 mm/hour
60.0 mm/min
Correct
Problem 1.54
The quantity called mass density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. Express the following mass densities in SI units.
Part A
Aluminum,
ANSWER:
2700
Correct
Part B
Alcohol,
ANSWER:
810
Correct
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ANSWER:
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Negative
Positive
Correct
Part B
Determine the sign (positive or negative) of the velocity for the particle in the figure.
ANSWER:
Positive
Negative
Correct
Part C
Determine the sign (positive or negative) of the acceleration for the particle in the figure.
ANSWER:
Negative
Positive
Correct
Part A
At what time(s) do the rockets have the same velocity?
Hint A.1
The diagram shows position, not velocity. You can't find instantaneous velocity from this diagram, but you can determine the average velocity between two times
and
Note that no position values are given in the diagram; you will need to estimate these based on the distance between successive positions of the rockets.
ANSWER:
at time
only
at time
only
at times
and
and
Part B
At what time(s) do the rockets have the same x position?
ANSWER:
at time
only
at time
only
at times
and
and
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Part C
At what time(s) do the two rockets have the same acceleration?
Hint C.1
ANSWER:
at time
only
at time
only
at times
and
and
Part D
The motion of the rocket labeled A is an example of motion with uniform (i.e., constant) __________.
ANSWER:
Part E
The motion of the rocket labeled B is an example of motion with uniform (i.e., constant) __________.
ANSWER:
Part F
At what time(s) is rocket A ahead of rocket B?
Hint F.1
ANSWER:
before
after
before
between
only
only
and after
and
Significant Figures
Part A
To seven significant figures, the mass of a proton is
Correct
The number
is incorrect because when we round to four significant figures we get 1.673, not 1.672. Similarly,
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All these options are correct; they represent different levels of precision, even though the numerical value is the same.
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 99.2%.
You received 39.68 out of a possible total of 40 points.
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