BAHRI

Comments on the feedbacks

a. I put appropriate citations in all of my writing
b. In this section (a complement of the previous homework), there is an explanation
that WNT is an Indonesian province located in southern Indonesia.
c. There a lot of papers say that a significant change on monthly temperature or
rainfall leads to climate change. The main point ( as explained in the previous
homework) is as long as the rainfall or temperature change is statistically
siginificant, it means climate change has occurred.
Statistics of West Nusa Tenggara
This section describes some statistics about West Nusa Tenggara (WNT). Firstly, the
geographical location of WNT is explained. Afterwards, the climate, rice production and
rice consumption are described. These statistics show that the rice has important roles in
WNT and the temperatures in WNT are close to the rice temperature thresholds.
WNT, an Indonesian province, is located in eastern Indonesia. This province is close to Bali
on the west and East Nusa Tenggara on the east. Astronomically, WNT is located at 1150
46 - 1190 5 East Longitude and 80 10- 90 5 South Latitude (BPS NTB, 2010). The
landscape of this province is hilly and mountainous, leading to some arable land to support
agriculture.
The wet season usually occurs between November and April, while the dry season usually
occurs between May and October. More than two-third of the total rice is usually planted
between November and December, so the greatest harvesting period of rice is between
February and March. This means that the temperature in the wet season could affect rice
productivity.
In terms of temperature, WNTs can be categorized as a tropical region. The maximum
temperature varies from 300C to 330C, while the minimum temperature varies between 210C
and 250C. The maximum temperature in the rainy seasons is about 330C, whereas the
minimum temperature in the rainy seasons is about 220C.
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In general, rice tends to experience a lower productivity if the maximum and minimum
temperatures are close to the rice temperature thresholds (Jagadish et al., 2010). As the rice
temperature thresholds are 350C for the maximum temperature and 220C for the minimum
temperature, the WNT maximum and minimum temperature in wet seasons (rice growing
seasons) are close to the rice temperature thresholds. Because of this, rice in WNT tends to
experience a lower productivity.
Table 1 shows that rice production, rice area harvested, rice productivity in WNT and
Indonesia have increased over time. It seems that an increase of rice production is caused
by a higher rice productivity and a wider farming area. Although WNTs rice production is
relatively small (only 3%, compared to the total Indonesians rice production), WNT is a
main rice supplier for its closest regions as explained in a following paragraph.
Table 2 shows rice surplus in WNT and the WNTs closest regions: Bali and East Nusa
Tenggara (ENT). WNT has large rice surplus about 411,060 tonnes, while Bali has limited
rice surplus about 7,170 tonnes. As the Bali rice surplus is not considering the industry
need, Bali may experience rice deficit, if rice demand of the industry need is considered
(Lantarsih et al., 2011). The rice-surplus provinces should distribute their rice-surplus to
their closest regions in order to reduce distribution cost, leading to a lower rice price
(Lantarsih et al., 2011). Because of this, WNT has an important role to supply rice for ENT,
since ENT has a large rice deficit about -292,450 tonnes. WNT also may supply rice for
Bali as Bali tends to experience a rice deficit.
Rice is not only important for WNT, but also for ENT and Bali. Since climate change can
increase maximum and minimum temperatures in WNT, the rice production in WNT could
suffer a lower productivity due to higher temperatures. In conclusion, WNT is an ideal
place to investigate the impacts of climate change on the rice supply chain as rice has some

important roles in WNT and the WNTs temperatures are relatively close to the temperature
thresholds.