Proximate analysis

Materials requirement
Specie Metho
Device
s
d
Moistu
1
1. Hot-plate
re
2. 110C Oven
3. Crusible
4. Weighing device (accuracy 0.0001g)
Ash
1
1. Crusiblle
2. 550C Oven
Fat
1
1. Need dry sample
Solven
2. Soxhlet
t
3. 100C Oven
metho
4. desiccator
d
2
1. Mojonnier bottle
Non2. 100C Oven
solven
3. desiccator
t
metho
d
Protein
1
Kjelda
hl
metho
d

2
Lowry
metho
d

1.
2. Burette
1. Spectrophotometry
2. Glass or plastic cuvette

Reagent

None

None

Petroleum ether or
ethyl ether

Petroleum ether
Ethyl ether
Ethyl alcohol
Ammonium hydroxide

Sulfuric acid
Anhydrous sodium
sulfate
Copper catalyst
HCl
Boric acid

3
Bradfo

1. Spectrophotometry
2. Glass or plastic cuvette

sodium potassium
tartrate x 4 H20
sodium carbonate
NaOH
copper sulfate (CuSO4
x 5H20
Folin-Ciocalteau
reagent
BSA and IgG for
standard curve
Coomassie Brilliant
Blue G-250

Carb

rd
Dyebindin
g
metho
d
1

3.

4.

5.

Total
Carbohy
drate:
PhenolSulfuric
Acid

2
Total
Reducin
g Sugar
3
Specific
method
Highperfor
mance
Liquid
Chroma
tograp
hy

85% Ethanol
95% phosphoric acid
BSA and IgG for
standard curve

Coconut skimmed milk composition analyzed from previous researches

(% wet basis)
Protei Carb Fat
Ash
Moistur
Reference
n
e
Coconut protein
33.10
48.3 3.0 12.83 2.7
Production of coconut protein
powder from
7
powder from coconut wet
coconut whey
processing waste and its
(protease
characterization
treatment)
UF Feed
2.10
4.50 0.8 1.00
91.60
Sequential fractionation of value0
added coconut production using
membrane processes
UF retentate
6.50
3.50 0.3 0.80
88.90
0
Skimmed
3.70
2.80 0.1 1.30
92.1
Membrane fouling mechanism
coconut milk
0
during ultrafiltration of skimmed
coconut milk

(% dry basis)
Protei
n

Carb

Fat

Ash

Moistur
e

Reference

Coconut protein
powder from
coconut whey
(protease
treatment)
UF Feed

58.56

49.7
1
53.5
7
31.5
3

3.0
8
9.5
2
2.7
0

46.84

35.4
4

1.2
7

34.02
25.00

UF retentate
Skimmed
coconut milk

Production of coconut protein

powder from coconut wet
processing waste and its
characterization

Sequential fractionation of valueadded coconut production using

membrane processes

13.19
11.90
7.21
16.46

Membrane fouling mechanism

during ultrafiltration of skimmed
coconut milk

Coconut skimmed milk protein species

SDS-PAGE
Polysaccharide molecular weight analysis
The molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides was analyzed by size exclusion
chromatography in HPLC (2410, Waters Corp., USA) using a TSK-GEL column
(G4000PWXL, TOSOH Corp., Japan). A UV detector was used at 254 nm. Standard
solutions of a series of dextran standards with different molecular weights (3, 5, 10,
20, 30, 50, 100, 500 and 700 kDa) were used for preparing calibration curve. 100
muL aliquots of solutions were injected into the column, after filtered through a filter
of 0.22 lm pore size. The mobile phase was MilliQ water at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min.
The elapsed time (T) was plotted against the logarithms of their respective
molecular weights (M). Elapsed time of the dextrans was plotted in the same graph
and the molecular weights were measured. Calculated by the experimental data,
the standard formula is as follows: lg M 6:0106 0:1644T R2 0:9458 3 The
MWD of rapeseed polysaccharides was analyzed by using the response (mV) data of
HPLC with elapsed time.

Quality research of filtration

Use raw material which should have to analyze the species and composition so
this kind of research will require the analysis method of their contained species
Masters thesis research field
Subject interested
Purpose
Introduction
Current problems
Possible solutions
What is coconut milk
What coconut skimmed milk contains
Why choose coconut skimmed milk

There are several methods that have been developed for producing coconut oil.
The principle method can be divided into 3 basic methods that called hot
process, cold process and modified fermentation process. Because of hot
process blah blah blah cold process employed in industrial scale is increasing.
That means the waste like coconut skimmed milk will be produced in a higher
volume and if it doesnt have an appropriate way to handle like many small
industrial in Thailand so they usually dispose that solid to the river inducing the
increment of environmental pollution.
Recently, there are a few studies proved that membrane filtration can recovery
the value of this waste effectively but there are only basic study

There are only few researches studied on utilization waste form coconut oil
production by using membrane technology. Coconut skimmed milk contains
nutraceutical component that can be used as some kinds of ingredient and
substituent especially protein. Coconut skimmed milk compared to skimmed
milk it has about 3 percent of
But because of CSM characteristic and species contained is more complex than
milk because beside protein, coconut skimmed milk also composed of several
kinds of oligosaccharide, fiber and mineral
Promising aims of study
Evaluate the fouling of uf membrane process
Current situation
Planning materials and methods
Find out how to obtain research subject in cheaper way~~~