Python Flashcards - Quizlet PDF

6/28/2016
python
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184 terms by quizlette7035835
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algorithm
A set of specific steps for solving a

category of problems
bug
an error in a program
comment
in a program that is meant for other

programmers (or anyone reading the
source code) and has no effect on the
execution of the program
token
basic elements of a language(letters,

numbers, symbols)
high-level language
A programming language like Python that

is designed to be easy for humans to read
and write.
low-level langauge
A programming language that is designed

to be easy for a computer to execute; also
called machine language or assembly
language
print
A function used in a program or script that

causes the Python interpreter to display a
value on its output device.
runtime error
An error that does not occur until the

program has started to execute but that
prevents the program from continuing.
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semantic error
An error in a program that makes it do

something other than what the
programmer intended.
semantic
the meaning of a program
syntax
The structure of a program
syntax error
An error in a program that makes it

impossible to parse and therefore
impossible to interpret.
string
contains a string of letters
variable
name that refers to a value
assignment statement
gives value to a variable
keyword
define the language's syntax rules and

structure, and they cannot be used as
variable names
statement
instruction that the Python interpreter can

execute
operators
special tokens that represent

computations like addition, multiplication
and division
modulus operator
%, works on integers (and integer

expressions) and gives the remainder
when the first number is divided by the
second
evaluate
To simplify an expression by performing

the operations in order to yield a single
value.
int
A Python data type that holds positive and

negative whole numbers
float
A Python data type which stores floatingpoint numbers. Floating-point numbers

are stored internally in two parts: a base
and an exponent. When printed in the
standard format, they look like decimal
numbers
flow of execution
The order in which statements are

executed during a program run.
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function
A named sequence of statements that

performs some useful operation.
Functions may or may not take
parameters and may or may not produce
a result
fruitful function
A function that returns a value when it is

called.
local variable
A variable defined inside a function. A local

variable can only be used inside its
function. Parameters of a function are also
a special kind of local variable.
parameter
A name used inside a function to refer to

the value which was passed to it as an
argument.
boolean function
A function that returns a Boolean value.

The only possible values of the bool type
are False and True.
None
A special Python value. One use in Python

is that it is returned by functions that do
not execute a return statement with a
return argument.
block
A group of consecutive statements with

the same indentation.
boolean expression
An expression that is either true or false.
conditional statement
A statement that controls the flow of

execution depending on some condition.
In Python the keywords if, elif, and else are
used for conditional statements.
conditional statement
One program structure within another,

such as a conditional statement inside a
branch of another conditional statement
type conversion
An explicit function call that takes a value

of one type and computes a
corresponding value of another type.
definite iteration
A loop where we have an upper bound on

the number of times the body will be
executed. Definite iteration is usually best
coded as a for loop
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increment
Both as a noun and as a verb, increment

means to increase by 1.
iteration
Repeated execution of a set of

programming statements.
nested loop
A loop inside the body of another loop.
trace
To follow the flow of execution of a

program by hand, recording the change of
state of the variables and any output
produced.
aliases
Multiple variables that contain references

to the same object.
clone
To create a new object that has the same

value as an existing object. Copying a
reference to an object creates an alias but
doesn't clone the object.
compound data type
A data type that is itself made up of

elements that are themselves values.
decrement
To subtract one from a variable.
dictionary
A collection of key/value pairs that maps

from keys to values.
exception
Raised by the runtime system if something

goes wrong while the program is running.
file
A named entity, usually stored on a hard

drive, floppy disk, or CD-ROM, that
contains a stream of characters.
format operator
The % operator takes a format string and a

tuple of values and generates a string by
inserting the data values into the format
string at the appropriate locations.
global variable
Can be seen through a program module,

even inside of functions.
immutable type
A compound data type whose elements

can NOT be assigned new values.
iteration
To repeat a section of code.
mutable type
A compound data type whose elements

can be assigned new values.
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nested list
A list that is itself contained within a list.
operator
A special symbol that represents a simple

computation like addition, multiplication,
or string concatenation.
pixel
Smallest addressable element of a picture.
proprioception
on a robot, internal sensing mechanisms.

On a human, a sense of the relative
positions of different parts of ones own
body.
recursion
The process of calling the currently

executing function.
robot
mechanism or an artificial entity that can

be guided by automatic controls.
sequence
A data type that is made up of elements

organized linearly, with each element
accessed by an integer index.
short circuit evaluation
When a boolean expression is evaluated

the evaluation starts at the left hand
expression and proceeds to the right,
stopping when it is no longer necessary to
evaluate
any further to determine the final
outcome.
slice
A copy of part of a sequence specified by a

series of indices.
str
converts to a string
traverse
To repeat an operation on all members of

a set from the start to the end.
argument
a value provided to a function when the

function is called. This value is assigned to
the corresponding parameter in the
function.
integer division
An operation that divides one integer by

another and yields an integer. Integer
division yields only the whole number of
times that the numerator is divisible by
the denominator and discards any
remainder.
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element
One of the values in a list (or other

sequence). The bracket operator selects
elements of a list.
lambda
A piece of code which can be executed as

if it were a function but without a name.
(It is also a keyword used to create such an
anonymous function.)
module
A file containing definitions and

statements
intended to be imported by other
programs.
What is the disadvantage of coding in one

long sequence structure?
If parts of the duplicated code have to be

corrected, the correction has to be made
many times.
What type of loop structure repeats the

code a specific number of times
Count-controlled loop
What type of loop structure repeats the

code based on the value of the Boolean
expression
Condition-controlled loop
What is the format for the while clause in

Python
while condition : statement
What are the values that the variable num

contains through the iterations of the
following for loop?
for num in range(2, 9, 2)
2, 4, 6, 8
What are the values that the variable num

contains through the iterations of the
following for loop?
for num in range(4)
0, 1, 2, 3
The variable used to keep the running

total
Accumulator
What is not an example of an augmented

assignment operator
<=
_____ is the process of inspecting data that

has been input to a program to make sure
it is valid before it is used in a
computation.
Input validation
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The first input operation is called the _____,

and its purpose is to get the first input
value that will be tested by the validation
loop.
Priming read
What is the structure that causes a

statement or a set of statements to
execute repeatedly?
Repetition
When will the following loop terminate?

while keep_on_going != 999 :
When keep_on_going refers to a value not

equal to 999
In Python, a comma-separated sequence

of data items that are enclosed in a set of
brackets is called a _____.
list
In Python, the variable in the for clause is

referred to as the _____ because it is the
target of an assignment at the beginning
of each loop iteration.
Target Variable
Which of the following represents an

example to calculate the sum of the
numbers (accumulator)?
total += number
True/False: A better way to repeatedly

perform an operation is to write the
statements for the task once, and then
place the statements in a loop that will
repeat the statements as many times as
necessary.
True
True/False: In flowcharting, the decision

structure and the repetition structure both
use the diamond symbol to represent the
condition that is tested.
True
True/False: The first line in the while loop

is referred to as the condition clause.
True
True/False: In Python, an infinite loop

usually occurs when the computer
accesses the wrong memory address.
False
True/False: Both of the following for

clauses would generate the same number
of loop iterations:
for num in range(4):
for num in range(1,5):
False
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True/False: The integrity of a program's

output is only as good as the integrity of
its input. For this reason the program
should discard input that is invalid and
prompt the user to enter correct data.
True
True/False: In a nested loop, the inner loop

goes through all of its iterations for every
single iteration of an outer loop.
True
True/False: To get the total number of

iterations of a nested loop, multiply the
number of iterations of all the loops.
True
A(n) ?? structure causes a statement or set

of statements to execute repeatedly.
Repetition
A(n) ??-controlled loop causes a statement

or set of statements to repeat as long as a
condition is true.
Condition
The while loop is known as a(n) ?? loop

because it tests conditions before
performing an iteration.
Pretest
In Python, you would use the ?? statement

to write a count-controlled loop.
For
A(n) ?? total is a sum of numbers that

accumulates with each iteration of a loop.
Running
A(n) ?? is a special value that marks the

end of a sequence of items.
Sentinel
The acronym ?? refers to the fact that the

computer cannot tell the difference
between good data and bad data.
GIGO
A(n) ?? validation loop is sometimes called

an error trap or an error handler.
Input
The ?? function is a built-in function that

generates a list of integer values.
Range
Programs are commonly referred to as
software
Which of the following is considered to be

the world's first programmable electronic
computer
ENIAC
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Where does a computer store a program

and the data that the program is working
with while the program is running?
Main memory
What type of volatile memory is usually

used only for temporary storage while
running a program?
RAM
Which of the following is not a

microprocessor manufacturing company?
Dell
Which computer language uses short

words known as mnemonics for writing
programs?
Assembly
The process known as the _____ cycle is

used by the CPU to execute instructions in
a program.
fetch-decode-execute
The following is an example of an

instruction written in which computer
language? 10110000
Machine language
What is the encoding technique called that

is used to store negative numbers in the
computer's memory?
two's complement
The _____ coding scheme contains a set of

128 numeric codes that are used to
represent characters in the computer
memory.
ASCII
What is the largest value that can be

stored in one byte?
255
The smallest storage location in a

computer's memory
bit
The disk drive is a secondary storage

device that stores data by _____ encoding it
onto a spinning circular disk.
magnetically
A _____ has no moving parts, and operates

faster than a traditional disk drive.
solid state drive
True/False: A software developer is the

person with the training to design, create,
and test computer programs.
True
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True/False: A computer is a single device

that performs different types of tasks for
its users.
False
True/False: The CPU is able to quickly

access data stored at any random location
in ROM.
False
True/False: All programs are normally

stored in ROM and loaded into RAM as
needed for processing.
False
True/False: The instruction set for a

microprocessor is unique and is typically
understood only by the microprocessors
of the same brand.
True
True/False: The CPU understands

instructions written in a binary machine
language.
True
True/False: The main reason for using

secondary storage is to hold data for long
periods of time, even when the power
supply to the computer is turned off.
True
True/False: RAM is a volatile memory used

for temporary storage while a program is
running.
True
True/False: The Python language uses a

compiler, which is a program that both
translates and executes the instructions in
a high level language.
False
A(n) _______________ is a set of instructions

that a computer follows to perform a task.
program
The term _______________ refers to all of the

physical devices that a computer is made
of.
hardware
The _______________ is the part of a

computer that actually runs programs and
is the most important component in a
computer.
cpu
_______________ are small central

processing unit chips.
micro processors
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Main memory is commonly known as

_______________.
RAM
_______________ is a type of memory that

can hold data for long periods of time,
even when there is no power to the
computer.
secondary storage
A disk drive stores data by _______________

encoding it onto a circular disk.
magnetically
The Python _______________ is a program

that can read Python programming
statements and execute them.
interpreter
In _______________ mode, the interpreter

reads the contents of a file that contains
Python statements and executes each
statement.
script
What type of error produces incorrect

results but does not prevent the program
from running?
logic
The program development cycle is made

up of _____ steps that are repeated until no
errors can be found in the program.
What is the informal language that

programmers use to create models of
programs that have no syntax rules and
are not meant to be compiled or
executed?
pseudocode
The _____ function reads a piece of data

that has been entered at the keyboard
and returns that piece of data, as a string,
back to the program.
input
The line continuation character is a _____.
Which mathematical operator is used to

raise five to the second power in Python?
**
In a print statement, you can set the _____

argument to a space or empty string to
stop the output from advancing to a new
line.
end
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After the execution of the following

statement, the variable sold will reference
the numeric literal value as a(n) _____ data
type: sold = 256.752
float
After the execution of the following

statement, the variable price will reference
the value _____. price = int(68.549)
68
The output of the following print

statement is:
print 'I\'m ready to begin'
I'm ready to begin
If value1 is 2.0 and value2 is 12, what is the

output of the following command?
print(value1 * value2)
24.0
The _____ built-in function is used to read a

number that has been typed on the
keyboard.
input()
What is the output of the following print

statement?
print('The path is D:\\sample\\test.')
The path is D:\sample\test
What symbol is used to mark the

beginning and end of a string?
Quotation
True/False: According to the behavior of

integer division, when an integer is divided
by an integer, the result will be a float.
False
True/False: Python allows programmers to

break a statement into multiple lines.
True
True/False: Python formats all floatingpoint numbers to two decimal places

when outputting using the print
statement.
False
True/False: Computer programs typically

perform three steps: Input is received,
some process is performed on the input,
and output is produced.
True
True/False: In Python, print statements

written on separate lines do not
necessarily output on separate lines.
True
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True/False: The \t escape character causes

the output to skip over to the next
horizontal tab.
True
_______________ are notes of explanation

that document lines or sections of a
program.
comments
The % symbol is the remainder operator

and it is also known as the _______________
operator.
modulus
A(n) _______________ character is a special

character that is preceded with a
backslash, appearing inside a string literal.
escape
The _______________ specifier is a special set

of characters that specify how a value
should be formatted.
formatting
When applying the .3f formatting specifier

to the following number, 76.15854, the
result is _______________.
76.159
A(n) _______________ is a name that

represents a value stored in the
computer's memory.
variable
Python uses _______________ to categorize

values in memory.
data types
When the + operator is used with two

strings, it performs string _______________.
Concatenation
A(n) _____ structure is a logical design that

controls the order in which a set of
statements execute.
control
The decision structure that has two

possible paths of execution is known as
_____.
double alternative
Multiple Boolean expressions can be

combined by using a logical operator to
create _____ expressions.
compound
When using the _____ operator, one or

both subexpressions must be true for the
compound expression to be true.
Or
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Which logical operators perform shortcircuit evaluation?
or, and
True/False: The if statement causes one or

more statements to execute only when a
Boolean expression is true.
True
Boolean variable can reference one of two

values: _____.
true or false
True/False: The Python language is not

sensitive to block structuring of code.
False
True/False: Python allows you to compare

strings, but it is not case sensitive.
False
True/False: Nested decision structures are

one way to test more than one condition.
True
True/False: The not operator is a unitary

operator and it must be a compound
expression.
False
True/False: Short-circuit evaluation is

performed with the not operator.
False
True/False: Expressions that are tested by

the if statement are called Boolean
expressions.
True
True/False: Decision structures are also

known as selection structures.
True
True/False: An action in a single alternative

decision structure is performed only when
the condition is true.
True
The _______________ statement is used to

create a decision structure.
If
In flowcharting, the _______________ symbol

is used to represent a Boolean expression.
diamond
A(n) _______________ decision structure

provides only one alternative path of
execution.
single alternative
In a decision structure, the action is

_______________ executed because it is
performed only when a certain condition
is true.
conditionally
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A(n) _______________ operator determines

whether a specific relationship exists
between two values.
relational
A(n) _______________ statement will execute

one block of statements if its condition is
true, or another block if its condition is
false.
if/else
Python provides a special version of a

decision structure known as the
_______________ statement, which makes
the logic of the nested decision structure
simpler to write
if elif else
The logical _______________ operator

reverses the truth of a Boolean
expression.
not
Boolean variables are commonly used as

_______________ to indicate whether a
specific condition exists.
flags
A(n) _______________ expression is made up

of two or more Boolean expressions.
compound
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6/28/2016

184 terms by quizlette7035835

Like this study set? Create a free account to save it.

Create a free account

A set of specific steps for solving a

in a program that is meant for other

basic elements of a language(letters,

A programming language like Python that

A programming language that is designed

A function used in a program or script that

An error that does not occur until the

An error in a program that makes it do

the meaning of a program

The structure of a program

An error in a program that makes it

contains a string of letters

name that refers to a value

gives value to a variable

define the language's syntax rules and

instruction that the Python interpreter can

special tokens that represent

%, works on integers (and integer

To simplify an expression by performing

A Python data type that holds positive and

A Python data type which stores floatingpoint numbers. Floating-point numbers

The order in which statements are

A named sequence of statements that

A function that returns a value when it is

A variable defined inside a function. A local

A name used inside a function to refer to

A function that returns a Boolean value.

A special Python value. One use in Python

A group of consecutive statements with

An expression that is either true or false.

A statement that controls the flow of

One program structure within another,

An explicit function call that takes a value

A loop where we have an upper bound on

Both as a noun and as a verb, increment

Repeated execution of a set of

A loop inside the body of another loop.

To follow the flow of execution of a

Multiple variables that contain references

To create a new object that has the same

compound data type

A data type that is itself made up of

To subtract one from a variable.

A collection of key/value pairs that maps

Raised by the runtime system if something

A named entity, usually stored on a hard

The % operator takes a format string and a

Can be seen through a program module,

A compound data type whose elements

To repeat a section of code.

A compound data type whose elements

A list that is itself contained within a list.

A special symbol that represents a simple

Smallest addressable element of a picture.

on a robot, internal sensing mechanisms.

The process of calling the currently

mechanism or an artificial entity that can

A data type that is made up of elements

short circuit evaluation