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Page 917
Mechanical characteristics
Characteristic impedance
The mean value of characteristic impedance is
measured at around 200 MHz. The admissible
deviation from the nominal value is 1% to 4%,
depending on the cable type.
Cable weight
Weight per unit (meter or foot) of the complete cable.
Bending properties
A particular advantage of RF cables with corrugated
conductors is their flexibility, as expressed in the data
for minimum bending radii.
Minimum bending radius, single bending
After the cable has been bent to these minimum values
it should not be bent back, as this could result in
damage to the cable.
Minimum bending radius, repeated bending
This bending radius allows for several operations and
indicates the minimum bending radius during the
installation procedure of the cable. It also gives an
indication of the minimum reel core radius.
Bending moment
A particular advantage of RF cables with corrugated
conductors is their flexibility, as expressed in the
bending moment. The cable under test is fixed in
a straight support and a perpendicular force is
introduced at a certain distance (50 times the
cable diameter for LCF, 25 times for SCF and UCF)
away from the support. The necessary force to
deflect the cable by half this distance multiplied
by the distance gives the bending moment.
Flat plate crush strength
Another advantage of the outer conductor corrugation
is the fact that it gives the cable a very high crush
resistance. If the given values are not exceeded
the local impedance change is less than 0.5 . For
instance: In order to compress a 90 mm length
section of CELLFLEX LCF158-50 to reduce the
local impedance by 0.5 , it is necessary to apply
a force of more than 2790 N.
Tensile strength
The tensile strength of RF cables is determined by a
typical installation situation when pulling the cable
with hoisting grips. In the case of corrugated
conductors, tensile strength is naturally less than in the
case of smooth conductors. To prevent damage to the
cable, when hoisting it into masts or pulling it through
ducts, the maximum admissible tensile force stated for
the particular cable must not be exceeded. The values
are based on a maximum cable elongation by 0.2%.
Refer to the installation instructions for further details.
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Definitions
Capacitance
The capacitance of RF cables is independent of
frequency and is determined by the relative dielectric
constant, the effective outer conductor diameter and
the effective inner conductor diameter.
Inductance
The inductance of RF cables is slightly frequencydependent and is determined by the effective outer
and inner conductor diameter and the equivalent
conducting layer due to the skin effect.
Maximum operating frequency
Up to this frequency, the properties of the cable are
within the specifications given unless otherwise stated.
Peak power rating
Peak power rating is the input power for which the
peak RF voltage rating is reached, when the cable is
operating in its matched condition. Peak power rating
is independent of frequency.
RF peak voltage
The RF Peak voltage is limited by the air gap between
inner and outer conductor of a coaxial line and the
voltage withstand of air. Air is also considered a
dielectric for foam cables since there will always
be a short section of air line at the interface
between foam cable and connector. Depending
on the connector used, a smaller connector
mating interface can be the limiting factor.
Spark test
Within the production process, the cable jacket is
tested by applying a pulsed high voltage to the
jacket against the outer conductor. This is to
ensure the integrity of the jacket regarding holes,
inclusions and thickness.
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Page 918
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Zc =
L'
C'
L' C'
Storage Temperature
During storage the given temperature range must not
be exceeded. Otherwise the cable can be damaged.
Operation Temperature
During operation the given temperature range must not
be exceeded. Otherwise the cable can be damaged.
Installation Temperature
During installation the given temperature range must
not be exceeded. Otherwise the cable can be damaged.
in
(3)
in rad/km
(4)
in nepers/km
= 1/
(5)
L' C'
(6)
in km/s
- conductor attenuation
Foundations
- dielectric attenuation
G
R in /km
inductance
L in H/km
parallel capacitance
C in F/km
parallel resistance
G in S/km
- propagation velocity
De f 140
characteristic impedance
Zc in
propagation constant
phase constant
in rad/km
attenuation constant
in N/km
De
(7)
- frequency
in kHz
+j
(1)
Skin effect
At DC, current in a conductor flows with uniform
density over the cross section of the conductor. At
high frequencies, the current tends to flow only in the
conductor surface; the effective conductor cross
section decreases and the conductor resistance
increases.
At radio frequencies, current flows only in a very thin
skin. Everywhere else the conductors are free from
electromagnetic fields. Even very thin walled metal
envelopes will, therefore, entirely screen the electromagnetic field within coaxial RF cables at radio
frequencies.
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Page 919
Characteristic impedance
The characteristic impedance of an RF cable is
determined by its inductance and capacity according
to equation 3. Because of the influence of the skin
effect upon inductance, it also is frequency-dependent.
= 15,9/
(8)
in mm
- conductivity
in m/ mm2
- frequency
in kHz
and
Zc =
di then
60
Capacitance
The capacitance of RF cables is independent of
frequency:
10 6 r
18 ln(Dc / dc )
in F/km
In(De / de )
in
Electrical characteristics
C' =
(11)
(12)
De
de
(9)
r
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
917-926
Dc
dc
Z
4
=
Zc
De f
De
Inductance
(13)
- electrically effective
outer conductor in mm
D+
L' = 2 10 In i
di
4
f
in H/km
Di
di
(10)
- frequency
in kHz
minimum attenuation
max. operating voltage
max. peak power rating
max. mean power rating
solid PE
dielectric cables
51 ohms
40 ohms
20 ohms
50 ohms*
h
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Page 920
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
I
Zm = e
co C
(14)
in ohms
Ie
- electrical length in m
co
- propagation velocity in
free space
in m/sec
- capacitance
2Zc
in dB
(16)
- pulse reflection
factor
in %
AZ = 20 log
in F
rp
100
rp
rx =
Ap = 20 log
r - reflection factor
in dB
(17)
in %
s=
1 + r / 100
1 r / 100
r=
s 1
100
s +1
(15)
100
r
(18)
in %
(19)
vr =
100 =
co
l
100
le
(20)
in %
920
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Page 921
- geometrical
length
le
km/s)
=2
in m
- electrical length in m
333,6
10 8
=
v r co
vr
t =
vr
100
(22)
in %
r
le =
100 l
vr
in m
- geometrical
length
vr
- relative propagation
velocity
in %
le
f
300
in rad
le
- electrical length in m
- frequency
(24)
in MHz
(21)
in ns/m
- relative propagation
velocity
in %
vr =
(23)
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
in m
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Page 922
LCF-Cables
200
100
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
= 12010 6
-100
(25)
in Deg
-200
-300
- cable length
LCF38-50J-TC
-400
LCF12-50J-TC
vr
LCF58-50J-TC
-600
-30 -25
-5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
ppm
- electrical length
change
in ppm
LCF-Cables
100
0
-100
- frequency
in MHz
Example:
A 10 m run of LCF12-50 is used in the temperature
range from -10C to 40C (14 to 104F) at1 GHz.
-200
-300
-400
-500
-600
LCF78-50J-TC
= 12010
LCFS114-50J-TC
-700
LCF158-50J-TC
-800
-900
-30 -25
in m
- relative velocity
of propagation in %
-500
l
ppm f
vr
-5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
10
280 1000 = 3.8
88
Attenuation
The attenuation of RF cables is defined as follows:
SCF-Cables
= 10 log( P1 / P2 )
200
(26)
in dB/100 m
100
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
-500
SCF14-50J-TC
-600
SCF38-50J-TC
-700
SCF12-50J-TC
-800
-900
-30 -25
-5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
20
65
36,1 ki k a
( + )
ZC de De
HCA-Cables
f + 9,1
tg f
in dB/100 m
(27)
500
Zc
400
300
200
100
-200
-300
de
HCA38-50J-TC
-400
HCA58-50J-TC
HCA78-50J-TC
-500
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De
0
-100
-600
-700
-30 -25
-5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
tg
ki
ka
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Page 923
(
P
= 2 = 10
P1
l
+ Ar
100
)
10
(28)
t / 20
= 1.14
t / 20
= 1.20
P1
CELLFLEX cable
t / 20
= 1.12
P2 - power at load
- input power
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
in m
Power rating
Power rating is the lower of the following two values:
peak power rating and mean power rating.
attenuation increase in dB
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0.4
0,5 dB
1 dB
2 dB
3 dB
6 dB
0.3
0.2
U 2
in kW
P = 500
ZC
- RF voltage rating
U
0.1
0.0
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
VSWR
ZC
(peak value)
in kV
- characteristic
impedance
in
(29)
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Page 924
0
1
0.9
0.8
1.80
0.7
1.60
k1
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
1.40
0.6
1.20
k4
0.5
0.4
0.3
HELIFLEX PE
CELLFLEX
1.00
HELIFLEX PTFE
0.80
0.60
altitude in km
0.40
0.20
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
8
7
k1
5
1.8
4
1.6
k2
3
2
1
1
1.4
1.2
p in bar
1
1
0,8686 Pv
2 t
in kW
pressure [bar]
Pmax =
(30)
1.20
0.80
924
1.00
HELIFLEX (PTFE)
150C (302F)
HELIFLEX (PE)
115C (239 F)
CELLFLEX
k3
Pv
HELIFLEX
CELLFLEX
0.60
HELIFLEX (PTFE)
0.40
0.20
0.00
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
100C (212F)
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Page 925
Pmax P
P^, P
k1
k2
k3
k4
(32)
P^max , Pmax
s
k2 k3 k 4
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
- VSWR
- peak power rating factor for inner pressure
(Fig.2)
- mean power rating factor for inner pressure
(Fig.4)
(s2 + 1)/2 s.
Operating conditions:
number and length of cables
frequencies and permissible attenuation
transmitter peak and average output power
( P and P )
or the information to calculate these data, as given
in Fig.6 antenna VSWR (s)
If the cable end is not terminated in its characteristic
impedance, standing waves along the cable will result
in higher power being dissipated at current and voltage
maximums. Input power must, therefore, be reduced
accordingly. In summary, therefore, the following
conditions must be fulfilled when selecting a cable size
for a certain power configuration.
P s
Pmax
k1
(31)
P = PR q
(33)
P = PR q
(34)
PR
q
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Page 926
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
amplitude modulation
frequency modulation
pulse modulation
carrier power
transmitter power
pulse power
DAB OFDM
DVB OFDM
1
1
m
tp
fp
- pulse length in
(35)
fc =
1,91 vr
Di + da
m2
2
1
tp fp
1.73 [1]
1.50 [2]
10 [3]
10 [3]
Fig. 6
m^
1+
(1 + m^ )2
sum power
sum power
Reference Power PR
0.71 [1]
0.66 [2]
1
1
(36)
in GHz
Di + da
1
2
10 vr
in m
vr
- relative propagation
velocity
in %
Di
- inner diameter of
outer conductor in mm
da
- outer diameter of
inner conductor in mm
(37)
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