Geological Branches

Basic geology

Connected branches

Applied geology

1.Physical geology

1 Geochemistry

1.Engineering geology

2.Geomorphology

2. Geophysics

2.Petrology

3. Mineralogy

3.Structral geology

3.Hydrogeology

4.Petrology

4.Photogeology

4.Mining geology

5.Histrorical geology

5. Oceanography

5.Agricultural geology

6 Economical geology

6. Field geology
7.Glcial geology
8.Volcanology
9.Geodesy
10 .Cosmic geology

The Sciences that deal with one or more aspects of the earth as a planet are grouped
together as earth sciences. All of them are definitely related to and in many cases
derived from sciences of geology.
Branches of Geology
1. Physical Geology
It deals with origin, development and ultimate fate of various surface features
of the earth and also with internal structure. The role played by internal
agents and external agents on the physical features of the earth makes major
areas of study in physical geology.
.internal agents- Volcanism and Earthquake
External agents- Wind, water and ice.
2. Geomorphology
The branch specifically deals with the study of surface features of the earth.
Detailed investigations regarding development and deposition of mountains,
plains, plateaus, valleys and various other land forms associated with them.
3. Mineralogy
Mineralogy is that branch of geology which deals with formation,
occurrence, aggregation properties and uses of minerals. For civil
engineering to identify the rocks.
4. Petrology
It deals with the study of rocks. A rock is define as the aggregation of minerals
found in the earth crust. The formation of various types of rocks their mode of

occurrence, composition, textures and structures, geological and geographical

distribution on the earth are all studies under the petrology.
The study of petrology is most important for a civil engineer in the
selection of suitable rocks for building stones and road materials.
5. Historical geology
As a branch of geology it includes the study of both stratigraphy and
paleontology.
Rocks may be treated as pages of earth history. They contain within them
enough evidence indicative of nature and time of their formation, composition,
constitution, magnetism, structural disposition and in many cases fossils, all of
them when interpreted scientifically reveal a lot about the events that have
passed since their formation.
6. Economic geology
This branch deals with the study of those mineral, rocks and other materials
occurring on and in the earth that can be exploited for the benefit of man. These
include a wide variety of ores of all metals and nonmetals, building stones and
industrial mineral.
Mode of occurrence of these materials involved in their formation and
accumulation their properties, structural and other controls that help in their
extraction at economical cost are important fields of study under the economic
geology.