P14x/EN AP/De6

Application Notes

(AP) 6-74

MiCOM P141, P142, P143, P144 & P145



VK

24 * ,n * (RCT + 2RL) for X/R < 40 and if < 15,n

VK

48 * ,n * (RCT + 2RL) for X/R < 40, 15,n < ,f < 40,n and 40 <X/R
< 120, ,f < 15,n

Where:
VK

Required CT knee point voltage (volts)

,n

rated secondary current (amps)

RCT

Resistance of current transformer secondary winding (ohms)

RL

Resistance of a single lead from relay to current transformer (ohms)

,f

Maximum through fault current level (amps)

Note:

Class x or Class 5P CTs should be used for low impedance restricted

earth fault applications.


The high impedance restricted earth fault element shall maintain stability for through faults
and operate in less than 40ms for internal faults provided the following equations are met:
Rst

VK

,F (RCT + 2RL)
,s
4 * ,s * Rst

Where:
VK

Required CT knee-point voltage (volts)

Rst

Value of stabilizing resistor (ohms)

,f

Maximum secondary through fault current level (amps)

VK

CT knee point voltage (volts)

,S

Current setting of REF element (amps), (,REF!,s)

RCT

Resistance of current transformer secondary winding (ohms)

RL

Resistance of a single lead from relay to current transformer (ohms)

Note:

Class x CTs should be used for high impedance restricted earth fault
applications.


"

Where American/IEEE standards are used to specify CTs, the C class voltage rating can be
checked to determine the equivalent Vk (knee point voltage according to IEC). The
equivalence formula is
VK

[ (C rating in volts) x 1.05 ] + [ 100 x RCT ]