(b). Explain the term condition of assignment and explain how these are maintained for a ship.
(c).
Ans.(a). Freeboard- The vertical distance measured at the ship's side between the service draught
and the freeboard deck.
The freeboard deck is the uppermost deck exposed to weather and sea,which has permanent
means of closing all openings in the ship's side have watertight closings.
This is required for all the ships as per International convention for load lines,1966 also
called Load Line convention,1966.
It should not be less than 50 mm irrespective of any ship.
Reasons for freeboard requirement 1. To ensure that ship can't be loaded beyond her strength.
2. To provide her with adequate reserve buoyancy,which improves stability of the ship.
3. To keep the decks high enough from the water to enable the crew to navigate and
handle her in all weathers.
Ans.(b).Condition of assignment - It is the condition of assignment of freeboard.
The design and construction of the ship should be such that the stability in all loading
conditions is adequate for the freeboard assigned.
Conditions of assignment are maintained as follows 1.Machinery space openings must be properly framed and constructed.
2.Ventilators must have coamings of a given height,with means of closing.
3.If air pipes must be of certain minimum height and must have efficient means of closing.
4.Openings in ship's side,below the freeboard deck,must have efficient watertight doors.
5.Hatchways closed by weather tight steel covers.
6.All openings in the freeboard deck should be properly protected and closed and provision
should be made to allow the ship to free herself quickly of water which may come in upon
decks.
7.The ship must be stable at all loaded conditions and must meet certain requirements for
range and righting lever.
8.Superstructure End bulkheads - The heights of the sills of openings at the ends of
enclosed superstructure should be at least 380 mm above deck.
9.Side scuttles - Below the freeboard deck side scuttles should be fitted with efficient
hinged and watertight.
10.Freeing ports - These must have minimum freeing port area on each side of the ship.
11.Protection of Crew - Efficient guard rails or bulwarks of minimum height 1 m are to be
fitted on all exposed parts of freeboard and superstructure decks.
Ans.(c). Difference between Type-A and Type-B ships Type-A ship - These are the ships which are intended to carry only liquid cargoes in bulk.
These are assigned less freeboard,for vessels of their length,than ships of Type-B.
They have high integrity of exposed deck, together with excellent subdivision of cargo space.
These ships are allowed to load to a comparatively deeper draught.
Type A definition;
- Any ship designed to carry liquid cargoes in bulk
- Has a high integrity of exposed deck
- Small access opening to cargo compartments, closed by watertight gasketed covers of steel or
equivalent material
- Low permeability of cargo
Superstructure correction;
The standard ship is considered to have no superstructure.
If the ship has an effective superstructure the basic freeboard may be reduced by up to 1070mm
depending on the length of the superstructure in relation to the length of the vessel.
Sheer correction;
- The standard ship is assumed to have a 'standard' sheer.
- If the vessel has greater sheer the basic freeboard may be reduced.
- If the vessel has less sheer the basic freeboard will be increased.
- Increased sheer provides greater reserve buoyancy
- The ratio of underwater volume to reserve bouyancy must remain the same
deficiency.
- Bow height provides reserve buoyancy
Type B definition;
Any ship that is not a Type A ship