ISLAMIC STUDIES

MPW 2143
USTAZ ABD UR-RAHMAN MOHAMED AMIN

GROUP MEMBERS
SITI NUR AMIRAH BT ISMAIL
NURAZRI NABILAH BT DAHALAN
SITI HAJAR BT ZAMRIDIN
NUR FARAHIN BT USOP
ANIS SALWA BT ABD RANI

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AL-KHAWARIZMI: HIS LIFE AND HIS

CONTRIBUTIONS
INTRODUCTION

MATHEMATICS

ASTRONOMY

GEOGRAPHY

BACKGROUND DETAILS
Abu Abdullah Mohammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi
Nameoriginated from Spanish and Portugese,
guarismo and algarismo respectively
Born at Khwarizm called Khiva,a town south of Aral
Sea in present day Uzbekistan
Family migrated to Baghdad
Popular book Al-Jabr Wal-Muqabbalah
Work in House in Wisdom
Mathematician ,astronomer,geographer, astrologer
Founder of algebra, a title shared with Diophantus

ALGEBRA
Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi
Hisab al-Jabr walMuqabala
Trigonometry
Geometry
Differentiation

ARITHMETIC
Al-Kitab al-Jam wal
Tafriq bi-Hisab al-Hind
Decimal

Fraction

Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr walMuqabala

written approximately in 830 CE

systematic solutions on linear and quadratic equations

involves the steps of dividing out the coefficient of the square using two
operations to reduce the equation to one of the six standard forms
The operations
al-jabr : process of removing positive units, roots, and square from an
equation by adding the same quantity on both sides of the
equation
al-muqabala : process that involves balancing the equation

 The standard forms

squares equal roots (ax = bx)
squares equal number (ax = c)
roots equal number (bx = c)
squares and roots equal number (ax + bx = c)
squares and number equal roots (ax + c = bx)
roots and number equal squares (bx + c = ax)

Latin translation
Title: Liber algabrae et almucabala
Time : 12th Century
Translator : Gerard of Cremona & Robert of Chester

Arab translation
Time : 1831
Translator : F. Rosen

Trigonometry
Trigonometric tables containing the sine function

Extrapolated to tangent function

Geometry
perfected the geometric representation of conic sections
measured the volume & circumference of the Earth
initiated the use of the approximation value of pi, = 3.1428571

Differentiation
Developed from the calculus of two errors

Al-Kitab al-Jam wal Tafriq bi-Hisab al-Hind

responsible for the diffusion of the Indian system of numeration in
Middle East and Europe
Explain the function of zero, a numeral of fundamental importance
developed by the Arabs
Latin translation
Title : Dixit algorizmi or Algoritmi de numero Indorum (1875)
Time : 12th Century
Translator : Adelard of Bath

was also translated into Arabic, but the original copy was lost

Decimal
was first to introduce the decimal system

Fraction
Brought the development of details and brief
arithmetical procedures including operations
on fractions

ASTRONOMY????
THE STUDY OF MOON, STARS AND OTHER OBJECTS IN UNIVERSE

PHENOMENA AT SCALES

ADVANCE IN MEDICAL IMAGING

CALENDAR SYSTEM

Zij Al-Sindhin
37 chapters on calendrical and
astronomical calculations
116 tables of calendrical, astronomical,
astrological data

Improvements to the theories and

contruction to sundials

AL KHAWARIZMI'S
CONTRIBUTIONS
The Quadran Vetus, igneous
mathematical device.

Treatise on Hebrew calendar.

Risalah fi istikhraj ta,rifkh al yahud
( extraction of the Jewish Era)

 The first ever scientist whom had

sketched the world map during 830 CE.
Made some correction based on the
thought of the Yunnan philosophers about
Geography.
Revised and corrected Ptolemys data for
Africa and the Middle East

 Kitab Surat al-Ard known as The Image

of The Earth.
Presenting the coordinates of places based on
Ptolemys Geography.
Compiled with all the worlds map.
Became the base of Arab Geography.
Kept in library of Strasbourg University,
France.