ABSTRACT
This experiment was held to determined the time constant of different
type of thermometer measuring devices with reference to mercury filled
thermometer.The apparatus for this experiment is Hot Water Pot,Vacuum
flask and different type of thermometer.The time constant for each
thermometer will find based on the graph that has been plotted.The time
constant is used to determined the sensitivity of the thermometer.
OBJECTIVE
1.To compare the time constant of different type of temperature
measuring devices with reference to mercury filled thermometer.
2. To measure the relationship between resistance and temperature.
3. To understand the concept of resistance thermometer or RTD and
thermistor using the PT 100 and NTC probe.
THEORY
Temperature is a measure of hotness. Together with a measure of thermal
mass of a body it gives an indication of the total thermodynamics energy
that body contains. There are many scales for the comparison of
temperatures, the most important is with their corresponding values for
melting ice and boiling water (which are common reference temperatures)
being given in the table below.
Scale
Celsius (or
Melting Ice
0 0C
Boiling Water
100 0C
Centigrade)
Fahrenheit
Kelvin (Absolute
32 0F
273 K
212 0F
373 K
Scale)
PROCEDURE
1. The 3 pin was plug in to 220VAC main power supply.The power supply
was switch ON.
2. The MCB/ELCB is switch ON.
3. The main power supply for the apparatus was switch ON.
4. Water was pour into the hot water pot.
5. Small cup was removed from the hot water pot.
6. The desirirable temperature measuring device was choosed and placed
it into the hot water pot.
7. The initial temperature reading was stated and recorded into table.
8. Water heater was turn ON.
9. The temperature and reading was recorded for every 2 minute interval.
10. The step 9 until the water boiled was repeated.
11. The experiment was repeated with different type of temperature
measuring devices.
Temperature,T
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
15
20
25
30
Time(min)
Temperature,T
60
40
20
0
10
15
Time (min)
20
25
30
Temperature,T
60
40
20
0
10
15
20
25
30
Time(min)
Temperature,T
60
40
20
0
10
15
time (min)
20
25
30
Temperature,T
60
40
20
0
10
15
20
25
30
Time (min)
Time
mercur
Bi-
thermis
PT
(min)
metall
tor
100
Type K Sprint
type
ic
Vapou
r
pressu
re
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
25
28
34
40
46
53
60
67
73
82
88
94
99
102
102
24
24
26
30
36
40
48
54
61
70
75
82
90
97
97
25
28
32
39
45
52
59
66
73
81
88
94
100
104
104
26.4
28.4
33.3
39.7
46.6
53.3
60.0
66.6
73.5
81.4
93.7
96.3
101.3
104.3
104.3
24.1
27.2
32.8
3.8
45.8
52.4
58.5
65.8
71.5
79.1
84.4
88.8
93.8
96.7
96.7
22.6
23.1
24.7
28.2
33.3
38.9
45.4
52.5
59.2
67.9
74.3
79.6
86.4
92.8
92.8
28
29
32
37
42
49
56
62
69
77
83
88
95
101
101
Type of thermometer
Mercury type
Bi Metallic
Thermistor
PT 100
Type K
Spirit Type
Vapor Pressure
T = Ti + (Tf - Ti)
0.632
73.664
70.136
74.136
75.633
69.983
66.966
74.136
graph
16
18
20
16
16
14
17
DISCUSSIONS
CONCLUSION
EXPERIMENT II
ABSTRACT
This experiment is to know the relationship between temperature against
time for the tpe K thermometer.Besides,the sensitive of the thermometer
can be determined.At the end of the experiment,the graph is plotted and
the reading is tabulated.
OBJECTIVE
1. To investigate the working principle of the Type K thermometer.
2. To investigate the relationship between working output and
temperature.
3. To find the sensitive of the tpe K thermometer.
PROCEDURE
1. The 3 pin was plug in to 220VAC main power supply.The power supply
was switch ON.
2. The MCB/ELCB is switch ON.
3. The main power supply for the apparatus was switch ON.
4. Water was pour into the hot water pot.
5. Small cup was removed from the hot water pot.
6. Type K thermometer was connected and placed into the hot water pot.
7. switches the selector to 1.
8. The temperature meter voltage output port was connected to digital mV
meter.
9. The value form Type K temperature meter and mV meter into table was
stated down.
10. Turned ON ther water heater.
11. The temperature reading and the voltage reading was recorded for
every 5 minute interval.
12. The step 11 until the water boiled was repeated.
13. The graph of meter output voltage against temperature was plotted.
DATA,OBSERVATION AND RESULT
Temperature,T
60
40
20
0
10
15
time (min)
20
25
30
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature,T
Time (min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
Voltage (mv)
0.190
0.034
0.240
0.526
0.885
1.263
1.352
1.452
2.244
2.954
3.243
3.490
3.777
3.936
3.931
Temp (c)
24.1
27.2
32.8
38.8
45.8
52.4
58.5
65.8
71.5
79.1
84.4
88.8
93.7
96.7
96.7
120
The purpose of this experiment is to take the voltage reading output until
the water is boiling.Based on the recorded data, the time for water to start
boiling is almost 28 minutes to achive temperature of 96.7c.From the data
tabulated, it shiw that temperature is directly proportional to the output
voltage.Temperature increase,the output voltage also increase.
Sensitivity of thermocouple =
3.2430.885
84.445.8
= 0.061 mv/c
theoryexperiment
theory
0.0410.061
0.41
x 100%
x 100% = 48.78%
CONCLUSION
EXPERIMENT III
OBJECTIVE
1. Understanding of whirling psychrometer.
2. Understanding wet and dry bulb thermometer.
3. Measurement of ambient humidity using dry and wet bulb.
PROCEDURE
1. The whirling psychrometer was prepared.The water was filled to the
whirling psychometer water container.
2. The water was allowed to wet the cloth of the wet bulb thermometer
after refilling the whirling psychorometer.
3. The black handle of the whirling psychorometer was pulled so that it is
perpendicular to the dry and wet bulb thermeter.
4. The initial reading for the wet and dry bulb thermometer was stated.
5. The whirling psychorometer was rotated for about 1 minutes and wait
for the temperature to stable.
6. The reading was taked for the wet and dry bulb thermometer and
recorded into the table.
7. From the chart given.the humidity of the ambient was determined.
DATA AND OBSERVATION
Wet Bulb
reading
22
Humidity from psychrometer chart
Humidity reading from dial gauge
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
Dry Bulb
27
70%
72%
The humidity value from the dial gauge is 72% which is higher than
humidity value from psychrometric chart which is 70%.
Percentage error,% =
7072
70
x 100% = 28.6%
CONCLUSION
At the end of the experiment,the ambient humidity was sucessfuly
measured using dry and wet bulb.Besides, our understanding on whirling
psychrometer as well as the wet and dry bulb thermometer has
increased.The humidity was obtained from two source based on the
reading two different way.The first one is from psychrometric chart and
another one is by dial gauge.The reading based on psychrometric chart is
70% while the reading from dial gauge is 72%.