the relationship of the calendar to the solar year and of the lunar year to
the solar year. Of these the one that shows up most prominently in records
was a 97-year (solar) calendar cycle. But there is no need to go into any
more detail concerning the astronomical calendar cycles, in order to learn and
understand how they impinge on Adamic history.
Another kind of (non-astronomical) calendar cycle was based on the idea
of "a year of months" which was, of course, 30 years. Every thirty years
there was a calendar festival, called an "End Festival" at which time, if a
dynastic house had appointed no suitable heir, the dynasty was declared
officially ended. And there was a "Great End Festival" every fourth "End
Festival", which is to say at the end of every 120 years. However those
festivals also had to be synchronized to the calendar and that was done by
delaying the sixth "Great End Festival" so that it came at the end of the
121st year. That way six "Great End Festivals" coincided with seven 103-year
cycles, at the end of 721 years.
It is because of the calendar cycles, especially the "End Festivals" that
we know that the chronology in Gen. 5 refers to dynasties or "houses" rather
than individual rulers. The idea of "End Festivals" was continued in ancient
Egypt by what are called the Egyptian "Sed Festivals". In Egypt a new
dynasty officially began at a "Sed Festival"--whereas at the face of the earth
the Festival was when a dynasty was officially ended. And when the Gen. 5
chronology is examined it is found that each of the dynasties named there
ended in the year ending a calendar cycle, usually in the year of an End
Festival. Even without the direct statement in Gen. 6:9 it would be clear
that each of the names in the Gen. 5 chronology are the names of dynasties
that lived for many generations. (It is mildly amusing that some modern
versions have changed Gen. 6:9 to read "Noah was a just man and perfect in his
generation [singular]" but in the Hebrew it is clearly: "Noah was a just man
and perfect in his generations [plural].)
The 103-year calendar cycle was handed down to ancient Egypt and kept the
Egyptian calendar accurately synchronized to the solar year for many centuries.
But typical of the overall pattern of retrogression, the Egyptians during the
18th Dynasty, had lost all understanding of the science behind their calendar
system, and the calendar was changed to a simple 365 days. There is an 18th
Dynasty record complaining of the calendar change, but it was was adopted by
then, and the Egyptian so-called "vague year" was established. That calendar
allowed the Egyptian year to slip a quarter of a day every year, or a whole
year in 1461 years--the so-called "sothic cycle".
Egyptologists, blinded by their belief in gradual progress, assumed that
ancient Egypt had used the vague-year calendar, without revisions, for over
two thousand years, and base their reconstruction of Egyptian chronology on
that (obviously naive) assumption. It was very convenient since the Egyptians
annually recorded the first appearance of the star Sirius, and the date of the
"heliacal rising" of Sirius on the Egyptian calendar allowed them to pinpoint
the year of that record, in the belief that it would have to have been either
the year assigned or a year one sothic cycle earlier or later. It never seems
to have occurred to them that at any earlier time the Egyptians may have had a
scientifically accurate calendar. So they had to make such explanations as
that (in one case) the harvest festival "had to be an offering of green corn",
and in another case "the earliest high Nile on record" (by a full month!)
To regulate agriculture the Adamics invented what we call the "zodiac".
It consisted of pictures superimposed on celestial constellations in the
zodiacal belt--a belt encircling the celestial sphere, centered on the earth's
orbit (projected to the celestial sphere) and extending 23.5 degrees above and
below the orbital line. It is the belt in which the moon and the planets are
always seen. The pictures originally identified six equal sections around the
zodiacal belt. Later that system was replaced with pictures identifying
twelve equal sections around the belt. Today we have twelve unequal sections
or constellations as a result of combining the two systems.
The purpose of the zodiac was to tell farmers the time of year, when to
expect summer heat or winter cold, or when to expect the rainy season or the
dry season, or in the Nile Delta when to expect high Nile. They had only to
look up at the night sky to see where the moon was against the zodiac, and
they could tell what month of the year it was. If they new where the month
was with respect to new moon, they could figure the actual day of the month
from the moon's phase. The most essential information supplied by the zodiac
was, of course, planting time. In later times, and among more primitive
people it was believed that the zodiac CAUSED the rains of the rainy season,
or CAUSED the heat of summer, &c., and astronomical science degenerated into
astrology--although there was more to the astrological misunderstandings.
It will be convenient to refer Biblical dates to the Adamic epoch at the
Autumnal Equinox of 4000 B.C., calling that year, Year 0 A.K., from which the
year B.C. or A.D. can be easily calculated.
In 1056 A.K. the dynasty of Noah was appointed to oversee the burgeoning
missions and settlements where the Adamic settlers were developing civilizations, and commerce with those civilizations. Meanwhile the bare-bones outline
in Gen. 5 bespeaks a furious power struggle at the face of the earth. The
high point of nine dynasties reigning over territory at the face of the earth
was reduced to just two--Lamek and Methuselah. Noah, who reigned over the
settlers and missions, and Noachian mariners, was probably not threatened. We
know that Noachian settlers penetrated into India, China and Japan, and into
Europe, and there is even some evidence they may have reached the shores of
the Americas.
The development of the face of the earth required extensive irrigation
which was obtained from artesian wells ("fountains of the deep") that tapped
the vast underground fresh-water sea ("the waters under the earth"). Since
the land was surrounded by high mountains, we find that the Adamics carried
with them a picture of their world, representing it as a dome of land over an
ocean of water, surrounded by high mountains. We find that that is the picture
of the Chaldean world, with the mountains supporting the sky. And similar
representations are found in ancient Egypt and Sumer.
Tapping the underground water was eventually so excessive that it became
a threat to the nation's survival. The danger was that too much irrigation
could soften the "floor" of the basin, and since earthquake activity is fairly
common in the region, there was the threat that if the land was too heavily
irrigated it could collapse into the underground sea. That threat was clearly
foreseen, and the nation was warned that if the excesses continued its days
would be 120 years, Gen. 6:3. Scholars unfamiliar with the calendar cycles
seem to have no idea where the "120 years" came from. It was, of course, a
warning that the nation might not see the next "Great End Festival". Like
most such warnings it went unheeded, except by Noah who built an ark for
himself, his family, and his livestock, in order to survive the impending
disaster.
In the 600th year of Noah (1656 A.K.), the 17th day of Month 2, (night of
our 30 Oct. to 1 Nov.) "were all the fountains of the deep broken up" Gen.
7:11, as the flooded face of the earth collapsed into the underground sea.
Miraculously, Noah seems to have survived the catastrophe. The rain continued
forty days, but "the waters prevailed upon the earth an hundred and fifty days"
Gen. 7:24. In the 17th day of Moth 7 "after the end of one hundred and fifty
days" (Note 5 x 30 = 150 days, confirming 30-day months) the ark rested upon
the high hills (Heb. ARRT "Ararat", high peaks or highest hills. There is no
evidence of a mountain in Armenia, or anywhere else, named Ararat as early as
2344 B.C., the year of the flood.)
The collapse of the face of the earth breached the once mighty Pe Shan,
and the water drained out through the breach in the mountains, inundating
China as recorded in the Chinese Shu King. Meanwhile winds from the Gobi
desert drove in through the breach, eroding the mountain at a phenomenal rate
and burying the Adamic kingdom under perhaps a mile or more of desert sand.
The water draining through the breach, and the sand blowing in, have left a
totally desiccated region that looks as though it could not have been fertile
or inhabited within the past tens of thousand of years. However the catastrophe responsible its appearance happened in 2344 B.C.--the 1656th year of the
House of Noah.
What was left after the destruction of the face of the earth were a
number of Noachian settlements, and Sumerian, Babylonian, and Egyptian
dynastic civilizations that acknowledge their debt to the earlier and more
advanced civilization--a civilization that perished, probably forever beyond
reach. But it may be noted that archaeologist A.H. Sayce has shown that the
Biblical description of the "sons of Noah; Shem, Ham, and Japheth" corresponds
to an outline of the geographical distribution of the white race at the time
of the deluge. Although Noah and his family were the only inhabitants of the
face of the earth that who survived its destruction, it would seem that many
descendants of Adam did survive--in addition to the Kenites (Cain) who had
long since been expelled from the face of the earth.
Outside of the Bible, evidence of the Adamic civilization is overwhelming
in the advanced scientific knowledge that was handed down from earliest times
by people and cultures and civilizations that had no means of deriving such
advanced information. But it is fashionable to ignore just how early modern
scientific concepts first appeared.
What the popular modern mythology tries to preserve is a picture of
gradual progress from primitive fantasies to a true scientific view of the
universe and the laws of science. Adamic theory puts the "gradual progress in
the pre-Adamic (10000-4000 B.C.) past, followed by a meteoric rise, when the
invention writing began human civilization as we know it, and then a catastrophic destruction in 2344 B.C. How far progress went in the Adamic kingdom
we can only guess, based on bits and pieces found in early cultures which
presumably came from the Adamic kingdom and Adamic settlers.
Modern scholars rarely mention, for example, that the Pythagoreans, long
before Aristotle, taught that the earth is a sphere freely poised in space and
orbiting the sun. The Pythagoreans boast that Pythagoras pried that "secret
knowledge" loose from the Egyptian priests, who had preserved it, but obviously
didn't understand it themselves. Nor do they mention the full heliocentric
theory of Aristarchus--none of that knowledge supposedly existed before
Copernicus.
Nor is there usually any mention of Lucretius who carefully explains why
bodies of different weight must nevertheless fall at the same speed in a
vacuum. That and a whole lot more from a disciple of Epicurus, writing more
than a thousand years before Galileo! Then there is the extraordinary insight
of Genesis 1:2 in which it is recognized that an "earth without form" corresponds to a black body--darkness; plus the recognition in Gen. 1:3 that the
first departure from the formless state had to create light, before there were
any stars (or suns) in the universe. These are things that modern minds could
easily appreciate if modern teachers dared to teach them--but they contradict
the mythology of gradual progress.
What seems impossible for modern minds to understand and appreciate is,
however, as I mentioned at the outset, the principle that human life is VERBAL
not organic, and that self-awareness, human BEING is created by comprehension
of the words "I am!" The consequences of that insight are enormous, and it is
necessary in concluding this essay to mention some of them, even though they
may go far beyond anything that the reader wants to know or understand!
The prime consequence of the creation of the human self by comprehension
of the words "I am!" is the necessary conclusion that therefore ALL THINGS
known to mankind are created by the word that identify, express, and describe
them. In the universe there was no spherical earth orbiting the sun until man,
circa 4000 B.C., described a spherical earth orbiting the sun. That makes our
spherical earth and solar system no more than about 6000 years old! We can now
project it back in time for several billion years, but it came into existence
no more than 6000 years ago, because it was not described more than 6000 years
ago--just as Newton's mm/d^2 law of gravitation is only a little more than 300
years old. Again we can project its operation back to the birth of the uni-
verse, but Newton's "law of gravitation" did not exist before Newton described
it as such.
Modern physicists have, in the past decade, come close to once again
recognizing that the universe is created the way in which we describe it. In
physics, a version of that insight is known as "the anthropic principle" and it
is discussed in popular as well as serious books and papers on modern physics-for a popular treatment see for example, Davies "The Accidental Universe".
The anthropic principle is also discussed by Stephen Hawking in his new book
"A Brief History of Time". But modern scientists still adhere to the creed of
Scientific Empiricism, and believe that science is built on "observations". It
does not seem to have dawned on them that an "observation" is not an observation until it is expressed in words (symbols, algorithms, &c.).
The understanding that we and the universe are created by the words with
which we describe ourselves and the universe affirms that God is "the Word"
(John 1:1) manifest in "the voice of the words" (Deut. 4:12) [and Jesus Christ
is "the Word" incarnate]. Knowing that we and our universe are created by the
words with which we identify, express, and describe all things, is such a
powerful and revealing insight that it is difficult to imagine how far the
Adamic kingdom may have progressed in knowledge and understanding with the aid
of that incredible key. They did not apply themselves to the development of a
materials technology, as we have, but they seem to have far surpassed us in
scientific theoretical knowledge leading to a deep understanding of God and
His creation--the physical universe.
With that remarkable scientific insight they were able to leave to us a
6000-year chronological prophecy, describing in very general terms the history
of the descendants of Adam. That is usually considered to be outside the pail
of science. But there are many who have held otherwise. They have said that
a sufficiently comprehensive scientific understanding of God's universe would
necessarily include a knowledge of past and future developments in the history
of mankind, as well as in the history of the physical universe. To quote
Stephen Hawking's new book, that is exactly what he also now says: "Yet if
there really is a complete unified theory, it would also presumably determine
our actions."
And within the limits of the uncertainty principle it may well be that
"the Word" revealed to the Adamic nation the general outline and consequences
of a unified theory that made it possible, in general terms, to predict six
thousand years of the history of the Adamic people and their followers. That
is the "unified theory" that remains to be discovered and recovered from the
text of the Bible! The chronology of Biblical prophecy is referred to the
astronomical clock (e.g. the "time, times, and half a time" = 3.5 x 360 years
= 1260 years, which is an extremely accurate luni-solar calendar cycle). THAT
is what later degenerated into astrology! The clock to which historical prophecy was referred came to be thought of as CAUSING the prophesied events.
Finally let it be noted that it should be possible to predict the pattern
of future history if, but only if, man has free will (as Judeo-Christian theory
declares). For if man has free will, mankind is analogous to a set of random
particles and the statistical future of the set as a whole is predictable. But
if man does not have free will, then of course it is impossible to make a
prophecy of future history without first knowing the constraints on man's will.
But in that case it would be possible to make specific predictions rather than
only a general overall pattern-prophecy with, a specific here and there. The
generality of Biblical prophecy therefore may be viewed as affirming man's
free will.