DISEANDO UN PLAN
COMERCIAL EXITOSO
Marcelo Salazar, MBA
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 2
Producto
Precio
Promocin
Plaza
Personal de servicio
(POSVENTA)
No Controlables
Consumidores
Competidores
Tecnologa
Macroeconoma
Poltica
Clima
Proveedores
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 3
Marco Estratgico
Proceso de formulacin del
Plan comercial
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Marco Estratgico
Anlisis de situacin
Identidad y arquitectura marca
Objetivos
Programas Comerciales
Presupuesto y Control
Caractersticas del
Proceso
Implementacin
Cul es el contenido de
un Plan Comercial y los
pasos a seguir para su
formulacin?
Qu debo considerar
durante su formulacin y
diseo
Cules son las claves
para su implantacin?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 4
Formulacin
En general existen muchos tipos formatos
para planes comerciales sin embargo a nivel
gerencial debe responder a tres preguntas
bsicas:
Dnde nos encontramos?
Dnde queremos ir?
Cmo llegaremos all?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 5
2. Anlisis de la Situacin
Visin, Misin
Contexto, Compaa,
Clientes, Competidores,
Colaboradores.
Identidad, Filosofa,
Segmentacin y
Posicionamiento
4. Establecer objetivos
Estratgicos y Especficos
6. Presupuesto y control
Presupuesto, monitoreo
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 6
Marco Estratgico
Misin de la Compaa:
se refiere al marco normativo en el cual creen
los miembros de la organizacin
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 7
La Misin
Definicin de la Misin:
a) Declaracin formal y realista
b) Especfica y alentadora
c) Consistente con el entorno del mercado
d) Orientada hacia el mercado
Luego la Misin se debe traducir en unos OBJETIVOS y
METAS que sirvan para cumplir con la propuesto y
que guen el trabajo de toda la organizacin.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 8
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 9
EJEMPLOS DE MISIN
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 10
EJEMPLOS DE MISIN
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 11
EJEMPLOS DE MISIN
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 12
EJEMPLOS DE MISIN
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 13
EJEMPLOS DE MISIN
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 14
EJEMPLOS DE MISIN
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 15
EJEMPLOS DE MISIN
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 16
Marketing Estratgico
METAS:
Son los resultados a largo plazo que usted
quiere para su empresa.
a) Afirmaciones generales de gran alcance
b) Son realistas, para que las puedan alcanzar
c) Son ambiciosas, para poder luchar por
lograrlas
d) Pueden fijarse para la vida personal, negocio
y para cada elemento del marketing mix.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 17
Anlisis de la Situacin
Contexto
Amenazas
Qu valor
Creamos?
Oportunidades
Fortalezas
Clientes
Competidores
Debilidades
Compaa
Colaboradores
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 18
Definiciones de negocios
Compaa
Orientadas por el
producto
MissouriPacific
Railroad
Operamos un
ferrocarril
Xerox
Fabricamos
equipos de
copiado
Ayudamos a mejorar la
productividad de la oficina
Standard Oil
Vendemos
gasolina
Suministramos energa
Columbia
Pictures
Hacemos
pelculas
Vendemos entretenimiento
Encyclopedia
Vendemos
enciclopedias
Distribuimos informacin
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 19
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 20
Contexto
1. Anlisis de mercado
Determinar cuan atractivo es el mercado
Entender la dinmica del mercado para que las
amenazas y oportunidades sean detectadas
anticipadamente para replantear las estrategias.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 21
Contexto
2. Anlisis del medio ambiente.
Tecnologa:
Perspectivas econmicas
Cultura
Macroeconoma
Gobierno
Tendencias en comportamiento
Demografa
Tendencias demogrficas.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 22
Cliente - Consumidor
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 23
Compaa
Identificar los puntos fuertes y dbiles de la
organizacin.
Responder qu podemos hacer rentablemente?
Preguntas a responder:
Know How
Lealtad hacia la marca
Calidad del servicio producto
Costos relativos
Nuevos productos
Recursos tecnolgicos
Recursos humanos.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 24
Competidores
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 25
Colaboradores
Quienes nos ayudarn a alcanzar los objetivos
fijados:
Externos:
Intermediarios: distribuidores, mayoristas
Canales en general: supermercados, etc.
Proveedores
Agencias logsticas
Accionistas, etc.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 26
Colaboradores
Internos:
Personal de servicio en contacto con el cliente
Personal de planta y soporte
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 27
ANLISIS FODA:
TEMAS ESTRATGICOS
Para definir los TEMAS ESTRATGICOS se deben confrontar
las Fortalezas y Debilidades contra las Oportunidades y
Amenazas.
OPORTUNIDADES
FORTALEZAS
vs
TEMAS
ESTRATGICOS
AMENAZAS
OPORTUNIDADES
DEBILIDADES
TEMAS
ESTRATGICOS
vs
AMENAZAS
27
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 28
informacin,
tecnologa
3. Tendencia modernizadora.
4. Acuerdos de comercio regional.
FORTALEZAS:
1. Experiencia y prestigio de la administracin.
2. Productos de Calidad.
3. Variedad de productos.
4. Trayectoria en el mercado.
AMENAZAS:
6. Posicionamiento de productos.
7. Imagen institucional.
28
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 29
APLICANDO FO y FA
TENEMOS:
F:1,2
O:5
A: 6,7
2. Posibilidad de adquirir
infraestructura necesaria.
informacin,
tecnologa
3. Tendencia modernizadora.
4. Acuerdos de comercio regional.
FORTALEZAS:
1. Experiencia y prestigio de la administracin.
2. Productos de Calidad.
3. Variedad de productos.
4. Trayectoria en el mercado.
AMENAZAS:
6. Posicionamiento de productos.
7. Imagen institucional.
29
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 30
30
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 31
1.
RELACIN
F:1,2 ; O:5;
A: 6,7
TEMAS ESTRATGICOS
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 32
Identidad de la Marca
El valor de una compaa est dado por el
valor de sus marcas.
El diseo del plan comercial debe ser
congruente con este concepto.
Se debe definir el sentido estratgico del
posicionamiento de las marcas/productos.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 33
Identidad de la marca
Formular una definicin del posicionamiento a
travs de la propuesta de valor a los
consumidores, basado en los beneficios
funcionales, emocionales y de expresin
personal.
Definir la filosofa de la marca. Cual es el
concepto que la marca representa para el
consumidor.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 34
Arquitectura de la marca
Identidad de
Marca
Como se desea
Que la marca
Sea percibida
Filosofa de
Marca
Posicionamiento de
Marca
Parte de identidad
De la maca y
Proposicin de
Como se percibe
Valor que deben
La marca en la
Ser activamente
Actualidad
Comunicadas al
Target.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 35
Definicin de objetivos
Estratgicas (primarias).
Tcticas: (Secundarias).
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 36
El Plan Comercial
Polticas de:
Producto: marca, posicionamiento, diseo, envase,
modificaciones, I&D.
Precio: principales polticas de precio para cada categora
de productos en los diferentes segmentos.
Plaza: polticas de canales de distribucin y niveles de
atencin al consumidor.
Promocin: polticas de comunicacin: publicidad, fuerza
de ventas, relaciones pblicas, mkt directo.
Personal de servicio: polticas de seleccin, capacitacin,
participacin y motivacin PSC.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 37
Presupuesto y Control
Establecer claramente los objetivos y metas en
el tiempo.
Identificar y cuantificar el costo de todos los
recursos humanos, materiales y financieros
que sern necesarios.
Identificar claramente las reas y/o personas
responsables del uso de esos recursos.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 38
Sistema de control
Diseados para:
Informacin
Enfoque
Interno
Externo
Control
Proveen informacin
Miden desempeo eficiente
Sistemas de personal
Productividad
Ingresos de pedidos
Seguimiento visitas
Aprobacin de crditos
Seguimiento variables no Miden efectividad clientes
Controlables
Y canales
Seguimiento del sector
Rentabilidad segmento
Anlisis competitivo
Cuentas claves
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 39
Peridico:
Cada cunto se planifica?, Qu parmetros de tiempo se utiliza?.
Abarcativo:
Extensin de tiempo, niveles de detalle, etc.
Controlable:
Responsables y procedimientos.
Respaldado:
Quin lo hace?, involucra a las mximas autoridades.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 40
Claves de implementacin
Analizar los riesgos organizacionales
Naturaleza de los cambios requeridos
Contar con una cultura organizacional
definida, adecuada.
Contar con sistemas de soporte.
Recursos humanos
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 41
Gua general
A) Resumen ejecutivo
B) Anlisis de la situacin (en que negocio
estamos?, qu valor creamos? 5 Cs
C) Objetivos de marketing: (qu parte del
valor creado capturaremos.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 42
Gua general
D) Estrategia y Programa comercial:
Cmo nos posicionaremos para capturar
ese valor?, Cmo diferenciaremos nuestra
oferta?, Cmo sustentaremos esto en el
tiempo?
Producto, Marca, precio, Plaza, Publicidad,
Promociones, Inv, mercado, Fuerza de
ventas, Personal de servicio.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 43
Presupuesto Proyectado
Ventas brutas
- devoluciones
Ventas netas
- Costo de fabricacin o importacin o compra
Contribucin Marginal 1
-Costo de Fuerza de ventas
-Costo Distribucin
-Promociones al Canal
Contribucin Marginal 2
- Publicidad
- Promocin al Consumidor
Contribucin Marginal 3
- Otros gastos de Marketing
BENEFICIOS ANTES DE GASTOS GENERALES
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________
Diapositiva 44
PLAN DE MARKETING
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________