MMC - GAMUDA JV

MMC Corporation Berhad

Gamuda Berhad

PROPOSED DOUBLE TRACKING RAILWAY PROJECT

BETWEEN IPOH - PADANG BESAR

MMC-GAMUDA JV SDN BHD

ENVIRONMENT ASIA SDN BHD

MMC - GAMUDA JV
MMC Corporation Berhad

Gamuda Berhad

PROJECT BRIEF
Project Activities

The Project will involve the following works:

Construction of new double track along new alignment
Removal of the existing railway track, bridges and materials.
Construction of new concrete bridges over rivers, streams and lakes
for the new double track. Construction of new culverts.
Construction of road over head bridges (ROB) to replace present
level crossings.
Construction of new stations and depots.
Construction of Bukit Larut tunnel and Bukit Berapit Tunnel.
Fencing and electrification of the tracks.

MMC - GAMUDA JV
MMC Corporation Berhad

Gamuda Berhad

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan

(ESCP)
EROSION RISK ANALYSIS
EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES
MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION AND
MAINTENANCE
MMC-GAMUDA JV SDN BHD

ENVIRONMENT ASIA SDN BHD

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Erosion and sedimentation control measures under
Best Management Practices (BMPs)

Phasing of Construction Activities

Silt Traps
Silt Fences
Protection for Cut and Fill Slopes
Slope Stabilization of Embankments
Drainage Control
Protection for Stockpiles
Vegetation Buffer
Turfing
Silt Curtains

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Silt Trap
to collect and store sediment
from areas cleared during
construction.
2 types (dry/wet) and 4 sizes

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Design of Silt Traps
Sizing for the Silt Traps (for Sandy Loam-Dry Sediment Basin)
Length of
Track (m)

Disturbed Area
(x25m width)
Acre
Hectare

<500
500-1000
1000-1500
>1500

3.09
6.18
9.27
12.36

1.25
2.50
3.75
5.00

Silt Trap Size (m)

Type
Width
(W)
12
16
19
22

Length
(L)
24
36
40
45

Depth
(d)
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.0

A
B
C
D

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Typical Design of Dry Sediment Basin Silt Trap

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Sizing for the Silt Traps (for Clay Soil-Wet Sediment Basin)
Length of
Track (m)

Disturbed Area
(x25m width)
Acre Hectare

<500
500-1000
1000-1500
>1500

3.09
6.18
9.27
12.36

1.25
2.50
3.75
5.00

Silt Trap Size (m)

Type
Width
(W)
12
16
19
22

Length Depth
(L)
(d)
24
2.5
36
2.8
40
3.0
45
3.0

A
B
C
D

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Sizing for the Silt Traps (for Clay Soil-Wet Sediment Basin)

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Silt Fences
to intercept drainage and surface flow prior to
entering nearby waterways or rivers.
varying lengths of 50-100m depending on site
conditions and requirements.

Example of Silt Fence

Typical Silt
Fence
Design

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Protection for Cut and Fill Slopes
Slopes above the railway platform will be cut according to the
design specified by the geo-technical engineer and based on
soil parameters to minimize erosion.
temporary embankment should be well compacted to ensure
that the soil particles are not readily eroded by runoff.
The excess earth from cut activity, if any, should be stored
temporarily at designated stockpile area.
Fill areas should be compacted and graded so the runoff
diverts into the temporary drains, which leads to the silt traps.
The fill material should be compacted properly in order to
prevent excessive soil wash down during heavy rains.
Protection of borrow pit areas similar to cut and fill slopes.
All cut and filled slopes will be turfed.

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Slope Stabilization of Embankment
Proposed methods : piled embankments and stone
columns
Piled embankments - for ground improvement works
and slope stabilization, mostly located at the slope
area prior and after bridges.
Stone columns - columns of compacted granular
material installed in soil for the purpose of improving
the soil characteristics

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Drainage Control
Before commencement of earthworks,
temporary drains to be constructed to
channel surface runoff for control of
sediment discharge.

Temporary drains should be directed

into silt traps.
Sizing of Earth Drains
Earth Drain
Earth Drain Size (m) Slope
Length (m)
1:2
Width
Depth
<500
1.0
0.5
500 1000
1.0
1.0
1000 1500
1.5
1.0
>1500
1.5
1.5

Depth

Width

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Protection for Stockpiles
All excavated material from earthwork activities must be
deposited in a designated depository area.
Unsuitable material be temporarily stockpiled prior to being
transported to designated dumpsites.
Dumpsites / stockpiles should be located away from surface
runoff flow paths and not adjacent to waterways.
Stockpiles should be compacted, covered with plastic /
geotextile sheets that should be embedded into the top part of
the stockpile or weighted down with heavy rocks.
On sloping ground, silt fences and earth banks recommended.

Stockpile Protection

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Vegetation Buffer
Site clearing shall be limited to work areas of the
alignment for each stage of work.
Vegetation cover should not be cleared until
earthworks are ready to begin.
Existing vegetation along the riverbanks should be
retained where possible as a natural buffer strip for the
purpose of reducing runoff and increasing settling and
infiltration.

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Turfing
All cut and fill slopes will be turfed.
main turfing carried out at sloping areas of the viaduct
abutments.
immediately upon completion of earthworks at exposed
areas to reduce runoff velocity and to minimise erosion
along contors.
Vegetation that is fast growing and hardy is recommended.

Spot turfing and close turfing

techniques are recommended for
entirely bare areas.

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Silt Curtain

To be used at areas of land reclamation works.

Constructed encircling the fill area to prevent excessive
dispersal of sediments during the fill process.

Example of silt curtain

Reclamation Works Methodology

EROSION & SEDIMENT CONTROL MEASURES

Workers Camp, Site Offices, Casting Yard, Storage
Areas and Workshops.

Temporary internal drainage shall be constructed

Channel runoff effectively.
All runoff should be channeled into a silt trap prior to
discharge out of the site.
The drainage system and the silt trap should be
regularly inspected and maintained especially after
heavy rainfall.

Wash trough

Silt Trap

Oil Interceptor

Legend
Existing drainage
Temporary drainage

Wash trough

Typical design for Workshop / Storage Area

Typical Design for Wash Trough

MONITORING,
INSPECTION
MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION
ANDSITE
MAINTENANCE
AND MAINTENANCE

Monitoring
Total Suspended Solid (TSS)
Contractor Activity BMP
Sediment and Erosion Control BMPs

Monitoring

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

I) Total Suspended Solid (TSS) Monitoring

Monthly TSS Monitoring shall be carried out at all
discharge outlets of the silt traps during both the
earthworks and construction work.
The water discharged from the silt traps should not
contain suspended solid load exceeding 100 mg/l as
stipulated by the DOEs EIA Condition of Approval
No. 21.

Monitoring

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

II) Contractor activity BMP Monitoring

Inspect for evidence of spills requiring cleaning up activities.
Verify adequate supplies of spill containment and cleanup
materials (e.g. oil absorbent rolls/boom).
Examine the integrity of containment structures.
Verify employee education programs for the various activities.
Note the location of activity (e.g. outdoor vs. indoor, concrete
vs grass).
Verify adequacy to provision of waste receptacles.
Verify waste disposal practices (e.g. recycle vs. hazardous
waste bins).

Monitoring

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

III) Sediment and Erosion Control BMPs

Monitor effectiveness of Sediment and Erosion Control
BMPs.
Sediment and Erosion Control BMPs may be ineffective if:
Silt is present outside the control area.
Structural controls are breached or fail under storm
events of minor intensity.
Rills and gullies are present in stabilized slopes.
Silt buildup downstream of site.
Controls are not maintained in accordance with design
guidelines.
Any change in drainage patterns and the extent of the
change to be addressed accordingly.

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

Site Inspection
Regular site inspection to ensure the ESCP is always
operating in accordance with its design intent.
The results of the inspection and assessment will be
recorded in writing.
Frequency of Inspections:
After any rain or storm event with substantial runoff (silt
trap and silt fences).
Daily when grass cover is less than 100% on vegetated
areas.
Weekly as a matter of site routine for all site practices.
Before site closure.

Site Inspection

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

Overall site inspection activities:

Inspection of catch drains, earth banks, table drains, and
slope drains. Initiate cleaning if required.
Removal of any stockpile material or sediment that has
encroached within 2 m distance to surface drain.
Restoration of low spots in earth banks and diversion
drains to their original height and compact.
Where necessary, construction of extra earth drains and/or
diversion drains that help separate on-site silted waters
from other rain water runoff.

Site Inspection

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

Overall site inspection activities:

Install any new erosion and sediment control measures that
have become necessary since previous inspections due to
severe storms or progress / changes in the sites development.
Check to ensure that all earth banks, diversion drains, and
waterways are operating within the safe limits for the surface
conditions by observing any scouring evidence.
Ensure that any construction work at site since previous
inspection has not diverted sediment and water away from
planned runoff channels.
Inspect structural integrity of silt traps and silt fences.

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

Maintenance Program

Silt trap maintenance

Silt fence maintenance
Maintenance of vegetated surfaces
Repairing of damaged and breached structures

Maintenance

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

I) Silt trap maintenance

When filled with sediment greater than 2/3s
of the depth, de-silting works to remove the
accumulated sediment must be carried out
immediately.
The sediment should be removed for dumping
at the approved dump site.
All breaches of the gabion / bund wall must be
repaired.
Vegetative debris or construction waste
material washed into the silt trap must be
removed immediately to prevent blockage
and damage to the bund wall or outlet
pipe/riser.

Breach in bund wall

Blocked riser

Maintenance

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

II) Silt fence maintenance

Where the silt fence is being back-filled with accumulated
sediment, these should be removed manually.
The sediment should be removed for dumping at the
approved dumpsite.
All breaches of the silt fence must be repaired or replaced.
Vegetative debris or construction waste material washed
onto the silt fence must be removed to prevent any damage
to the silt fence.

Maintenance

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE

III) Maintenance of vegetated slopes

Seek professional agricultural advice where necessary

Additional irrigation (watering)
Application of fertilizers
Reseeding
Mulching
Weed control

IV) Repairing of Damaged and Breached Structures

Repair, re-pin, or replace torn detached and damaged
liners, biodegradable blankets, geo-fabric.
Fill and compact low spots in earth banks and diversion
drains where vehicles or other factors have reduced the
design height and stability.
Repair (re-stabilize) any eroded areas.

MONITORING, SITE INSPECTION

AND MAINTENANCE
Plan Review and Modifications
The ESCP should be reviewed and modified if any changes
significantly affect it were to occur such as:

Changes to the Project schedule

Staging area modifications
Off-site drainage impacts
Repeated failures of designed controls.
Properly installed systems are ineffective in preventing silt transport
off the site. This may be due to unforeseen site conditions or
construction techniques.
A new, relocated activity that could result in the discharge of
significant amounts of sediment.

Changes should be identified accordingly, made known and the ESCP

revised accordingly.
During the preparation and review of the modified ESCP, construction
work to continue with temporary modifications to the erosion and
sediment control BMPs.