DJM 1022 - C Programming

LAB 4
SELECTION STRUCTURES

PREPARED BY:

NORAZAM BIN ALIMAN

Dip. (Mechatronics), Dip (Edu), B.Eng (Mechatronics),
M. Eng (Mechatronics & Automatic Control)

Mechanical Engineering Department

POLITEKNIK SULTAN AZLAN SHAH

DJM 1022 - C Programming

1.0 OBJECTIVES:
1 .1 Introduction to if, if .... else, nested if and switch statements.
1 .2 Able to use selection control structures in programs.
1 .3 Able to modify program according to user requirements.

2.0 INTRODUCTION:
In C language, there are several selection methods which can be used:
(a)
One way selection
(b)
Two way selection
(c)
Multi selection
(d)
Nested if ...
(e)
Switch command
2.1 One way selection statement
The syntax for one way selection is as below:
if (condition)
statement;
Compound statement: a group of statements bracketed by { and } that are
executed sequentially. { (open curly bracket) and } (close curly bracket) must be
used to show the start and end of the commands under the if statement.
Flowchart:

if (condition)
{
statement1;
statement2;
}

2.2 Two way selection statement

The syntax for two way selection is as below:
if (condition)
statement;
else
statement;

or

if (condition)
{
statement1;
statement2;
}
else
{
statement1;
statement2;

DJM 1022 - C Programming

Flowchart:

2.3 Multi selection statement

The syntax for multi selection statement is as below:
Flowchart:
if (condition)
statement;
else if (condition)
statement;
else
statement;

2.4

Nested if statement
Nested if statement is when one if statement is placed inside another if statement. The
nested if statement is used to code decisions with multiple alternatives. The nested if
selection can be modified with the use of logic operator (AND) to combine two or more
conditional (relation) statements to be as one condition statement, thus omits the nested if
statement.

Nested if

Use of logic operator

if (condition)
if (condition)
statement;
else if (condition)
statement;
else
statement;

if ((condition) && (condition))

statement;
else
statement;

DJM 1022 - C Programming

Flowchart:

2.5 Switch statement

The switch statement is another way to do multi selections statement. The syntax is
as follow:
switch (variable)
{
case value1: printf(Message 1);
break;
case value2: printf(Message 2);
break;
case value3: printf(Message 3);
break;
case value4: printf(Message 4);
break;
case value5: printf(Message 5);
break;
default: printf(Default Message);
}
Note: The break statement is used to end the switch after the category or selection is
selected. Omitting the break statement will not generate a syntax error in your program
but it will produce semantic error.
Question: Find out what are syntax and semantic errors.

DJM 1022 - C Programming

3.0 TASKS:
3.1
(a) The following code segment is syntactically correct, but difficult to read. Rewrite the
segment using indentation that improves its readability.

if (cRoadStat =='s')
if (fTemp > 0)
printf("Roads wet.\n");
else
printf("Roads icy.\n");
else
printf("Roads dry.\n");

(b) Rewrite the following if statement as an equivalent switch statement. The

variable digit is of type int.

if (iDigit == 0)
iValue = 3;
else if (iDigit == 1)
iValue = 3;
else if (iDigit == 2)
iValue = 6;
else if (iDigit == 3)
iValue = 9;

DJM 1022 - C Programming

(c) The decision table below shows fines imposed for speeding violations. Write a code
segment that assigns the correct fine to type double variable fine based on the value
of type int variable speed.

Speed (mph)
65 or less
66-70
71-75
76-80
over 80

Fine ($)
0
15.00
30.00
75.00
100.00

(d) Evaluate the expression below assuming a is 5, flag is 1, and c is 15. What part of
the expression is not computed at all because of short-circuit evaluation?
a != 3 && flag || c >= 10

(e)

Write the output for the following code segment.

v1 = 15.0;
v2 = 0.5;
if (v1 > 10.0)
printf("ten ");
else if (v1 > 14.0)
printf ("fourteen ");
if (v2 * v1 > 7.0)
printf("seven ");
if (v1 - v2 > 9.0)
printf("nine ");
printf("\n");

DJM 1022 - C Programming

3.2 Write an interactive program that contains an if statement that may be used to
compute the area of square (area = side2) or a triangle (area = 1/2 x base x height )
after prompting the user to type the first character of the figure names (S or T).
a. Write down the flowchart for the program.
b. Write your program based on flowchart in (a).

DJM 1022 - C Programming

3.3 Write a program for the National Earthquake Information centre implementing the
following decision table to characterize an earthquake based on its Richter scale
number.
Richter Scale Number (N)
N < 5.0
5.0 N 5.5
5.5 N 6.5
6.5 N 7.5
higher

Characterization
Little or no damage
Some damage
Serious damage: wall may crack or fall
Disaster: house and buildings may collapse
Catastrophe: most buildings destroyed

a. Write down the flowchart for the program.

b. Can you handle this problem with a switch statement? If so, use a switch
statement; if not, explain why;
c. Write a program based on flowchart in (a).
3.4

Write a program that assigns to the variable lumens the expected brightness of a
standard light bulb whose power has been stored in watts. Use the following table:
Power (Watts)
15
25
40
60
75
100

Brightness (Lumens)
125
215
500
880
1000
1675

Assign -1 to lumens if the value of watts is not in the table.

a.
b.
c.

Write down the flowchart for the program.

Write a switch statement based on flowchart in (a).
Write a nested if statement equivalent to the switch statement (b) based on
flowchart in (a).

END