GCSE Geography- Revision at a Glance.

Module Cause Effect Solution/Management

and case
studies

Population Lack of education Impact on resources- LEDC-work, LEDC- Pensions, Health, Laws,
China High infant mortality food, housing, migration, transport, Education, Mechanisation
India Farm workers needed more shanty towns and growth of PHLEM
Little family planning LEDC cities.
Uk To look after the elderly Overpopulation MEDC- More taxes, higher
Japan High birth rate MEDC-Long life expectancy, retirement age, better health
Religious reasons pressure on healthcare, govt care service, more migration
spending, fewer taxes, housing, into country, funding own
fewer workers. pension.
Rural Urban Push- drought, civil war, Informal settlements illegal-poor Stop migration and improve
Migration natural hazards, large housing, disease, no water, little rural areas with industry,
families education, no infrastructure low demolish settlements, improve
Rocinha( Rio Pull- employment, housing, paid jobs, built on any unwanted conditions eg water supply,
) safety, family, food water. land sanitation, self help schemes,
Kiberia Perception of better quality make permanent housing.
(Kenya) of life
Rural Urban Moving industry and housing Urban sprawl, damage to wildlife Green belt, Green wedge,
Fringe from city centre. habitats, Conflict, loss of farmland, Brownfield, New towns.
Manchester CASES Loss of Greenfield.
Trafford Congestion, Conurbations (Gt.
Centre Manchester)
Protest groups created (reactive
and proactive)
Town Moving industry and housing Unemployment, dereliction, poor Improve BETH.
Centres to Rural Urban Fringe environment, unskilled people left. Regeneration
Manchester Why?.Opposite of CASES Loss of business. Congestion, High Gentrification
Bury crime rates, poor economy Public transport solutions
BETH Façade retention etc
Volcanoes Convection currents in Eruption of lava, mudflows, ash, Evacuation, education,
Mt St Helens mantle bombs, gas monitoring seismic activity, CO2
Montserrat Destructive and constructive Damage to wildlife habitats, rivers, gases, Sulphur Dioxide, satellite
plate boundaries. air pollution. Disruption to images, shelters, diversion
People live close to volcano transport, housing damaged, loss of channels of lava. Timescales
Why? life, people evacuated.
Plate subducted under
heavier plate, plate melts, LEDC
magma rises to surface
through cracks.
Earthquakes Convection currents in Buildings… You do this Education, Building design,
mantle monitoring, tiltmeters,
Kobe (Japan) Collision, Conservative and MEDC timescales of last earthquake
Haiti (LEDC) destructive PB’s
Epicenter/Focus. Plates
become stuck, friction builds LEDC
up and released as
earthquake.
Tropical Tropics of Cap and Can +70mph winds, tidal surge, Evacuation routes
storms Sea Temps 27+ flooding, buildings collapse, people Education
Katrina Warm Oceans evacuate, Hurricane Packs
(USA) Condensation Loss of life, damage to farmland, Media warnings
Rotation of earth affects calm eye. Satellite Monitoring
direction Boarding up houses-no tape!
Die out over land
Floods Physical-rain, snow melt, Building damage, loss of habitats, Afforestation, do not build on
impermeable rock, steep loss of business, homelessness, loss flood plain, retention basins, eco
Cockermout valley sides, no trees of farmland, river contaminated by flooding, embankments, dykes,
h Human-Urbanisation, sewage. deepen river channel, weather
Boscastle deforestation warnings, media alerts, flood
Rhine How do these cause floods? LEDC -disease , famine, short term kits in houses, education, dams,
Ganges Reduce lag time, more aid needed. Many killed and LEDC- shelters on stilts, as
(Bangla impermeable surfaces, homeless. above.

Mobility, leisure time, Honeypots, conflict of use, Fence areas off, speed
Adverts, affluence, congestion, damage to wildlife, soil restrictions on lakes, footpath
National accessibility. More retired erosion, footpath erosion, second repairs, homes for locals, public
Parks people, active pursuits. homes, high prices, high house transport, alternative
Lake District prices, few homes for locals. honeypots, education of tourist.
Pollution, seasonal employment
Desertificati Drought, high temps, low Death, starvation, famine, disease, Keep goats, plant trees as wind
on rainfall, high evaporation migration to city, loss of cattle, soil breaks, reduce population,
rates, erosion, loss of crops education, terraces to stop soil
Sahel Increase in population, being blown away, alternative
(Africa) deforestation and over energy sources(solar power)
grazing
Food Supply Drought, high temps, low Disease, malnutrition, death, Water supply, aid, appropriate
As desert rainfall, high evaporation migration, conflict, high death technology, renewable energy,
rates, rates, high birth rates, high infant goats not cows, stop erosion by
Increase in population, mortality. planting trees, education of
deforestation and over farming, Genetic modified crops,
grazing
Poverty, poor farming, soil
erosion
Water Drought, high temps, low Disease, malnutrition, death, Water supply, aid, appropriate
Supply rainfall, high evaporation migration, conflict, high death technology, renewable energy,
Phoenix USA rates, rates, high birth rates, loss of crops dams, wells, water transfer
Any African Increase in population and and cattle. Travel long distances for schemes, education, wells and
country in water based goods (washing water. pipe schemes.
Sahara machines etc)
Resources Non renewable, Use in Pollution of air, water, visual. Renewables, recycling,
and Amazon manufacturing, transport, Resources running out, damage to agriforestry, alternative
rainforest agriculture, in the home, wildlife habitats eg sea, forest energies, reduce debt of
energy supply. (amazon) conflict with locals and country, ban sale of hardwoods,
Countries needing money to environmental groups. BP! national parks, education,
pay off debt. Deforestation, flooding and soil alternative industries. Selective
erosion. Loss of medicines. felling, licences,
Sustainable
Climate Co2 emissions from fossil Climate change, crop failures, loss You do this…
Change fuels, methane gases, water of islands, flooding and extreme
vapour in air, industry, climates, extinction of species, ice
transport, homes, farming, caps melting, sea level rises,
deforestation conflicts, migration, drought,
famine, water shortages
Acid Rain SO2 from coal power Rivers poisoned, buildings Renewables, better power
UK to stations. damaged, water contaminated, fish stations, less sulphur coal
Sweden die. Trees more likely to get burned, add lime(alkaline)to
diseases. Habitats damaged. rivers
Poverty in Remember the house! Debt, famine, rely on aid, Aid(bilateral and multilateral),
LEDC corruption, conflict, disease, low life fair trade, multinationals (+ and
Check No resources, Civil war, Poor expectancy, high death rates, poor -)
revision trade, One product to sell, education and health Encourage tourism, Reduce
guide. Poverty, Natural hazards, No debt, appropriate technology.
industry, poor transport, no Democratic elections.
energy supplies, extreme Renewable energies. Education
climates, poor government. and health strategies
Tourism in Mobility, leisure time, More visitors. More employment(+ Eco tourism, better jobs for
LEDC Adverts, affluence, and-) locals, education of tourist,
St Lucia, accessibility. More retired Damage to habitats, damage to national parks, restrict building
West Indies people, active pursuits. local customs, loss of water supply,
conflicts with locals, crime, market
for local farmers and fishermen.
Reduce debts, not rely on one
industry, Improve facilities. Pollution
money goes to MEDC companies.
of hotels, use local energy
sources (solar), local businesses
own hotels, restrict numbers of
tourists.