1. ( p q ) ( q p)
Bicondicional
Condicional Simple
Morgan
Distributiv Asociativa
a
Compleme
nto
Identidad
Distributiv
a
Compleme
nto
Identidad
2. [ ( p q ) ] (q p)
Morgan
Condiciona
l
Condiciona
l
Morgan
Distributiv
a
Compleme
nto
Identidad
[ p ( p q ) ] q V
[ p ( p q ) ] q [ p ( p q ) ] q
[ p ( p q )] q Condicional
[ p ( p q ) ] q
Morgan
[ p ( p q ) ] q
Morgan
[ ( p p ) ( p q ) ] q
Distributiva
[ V ( p q ) ] q
Complemento
( p q ) q
Identidad
p ( q q)
Asociativa
p V
Complemento
Identidad
[ p ( p q ) ] q V
C1: ~P v (~P ^ Q)
C2: ~P
Def. Condicional P 1
Absorcin C 1
C3: P v (~Q v R)
Def. Condicional P 2
C4: (~Q v R)
Tollendo Ponens C 2 , C3
C5: R
Tollendo Ponens P 3, C4
CONJUNTOS
Utilizando las leyes de conjuntos simplificar:
( AUBUC ) [ ( B-A )C ( C-A )C ]
( AUBUC ) [ ( B-A )C ( C-A )C ]
(AUBUC) [ (B AC)C (C AC)C ]
Diferencia
(AUBUC) [ (BC U A) (CC U A) ]
(AUBUC) [ A U (BC CC)]
Distributiva
(BUC) U A [ A U (BC CC)]
Asociativa
(BUC) U A
Absorcin
AUBUC
( A B )B=( A B )B
( A B ) BC
Diferencia
Def.
Morgan
( A B C ) ( B BC ) Distributiva
( A B C )
Complemento
( A B C )
Identidad
AB Diferencia
AB=( A B ) B
2.- ( AC ) ( BC ) =( A B ) C
( AC ) ( BC ) =( AC ) ( BC )
( A CC ) (B C C )
Diferencia
CC ( A B )
Distributiva
( A B ) C C
Conmutativa
( A U B ) C
Diferencia
( AC ) ( BC ) =( A B ) C
3.- ( AB ) =A ( A B)
A ( A B )= A ( A B )
[ A ( A B ) ] [ A ( A B ) ]
[ A ( A B ) ] ( A B )
Diferencia Simetrica
Idempotencia
A( A B )
Absorcin
A ( A B )C
Diferencia
C
= A ( A B
Morgan
( A AC ) ( A BC )
( A BC )
Distributiva
Complemento
( A B C ) Identidad
AB
Diferencia
( AB ) =A ( A B)
X +1=2+ 2 X
1) Sacamos el CVA
x+ 1 0 x+2 0
x 1 x 2
CVA : [ 1; 2 ]
2X
2+
2
( X +1) =
|x +1|=44 2x+|2x|
-1
X+1
-x+2
2
+
+
+
-
CVA [-1;2]
|x +1|=44 2x+|2x|
x+ 1=44 2x +2x
( 2 x5 )2=(4 2 x )
4 x 20 x +25=16|2x|
4 x 220 x +25=16(2x )
4 x 24 x7=0
x 1=
4+ 128
4 128
x 2=
8
8
x 1=1,91 x 2=0,91CVA
x 1=1,91 x 2=0,91
Resolver la Ecuacin
C.V.A.
x-3 0
x3
^
^
3 - x0
x 3
x=3
( x1)2 ( x1)
= (3-x)
( x1 )2 ( x3 ) = (3x )2
(x1)2 ( x3 ) ( 3x )2
=0
( x3 ) [ x2 2 x +1x +3 ] = 0
( x3 ) [ x2 3 x + 4 ] = 0
2
3
x
=0
x3=0
2
3
x
x=3
X=3
S = [ 3]
Resolver 5 a+ x + 5 ax
5a+x+
25 a2x 2
25 a2x 2 ) =
25 a2x 2 =
= 12a
x
2
7 a
49 a 214 ax + x 2
2 x 214 ax+ 24 a2
x 27 ax +12 a2 = 0
( x4 a ) ( x3 a )= 0
X = 4a
x= 3a
12 a
5 a+ x
|1 3x| 2
1
3
x 2
x3
2 v
x
v
x3
x
-2
x3
+ 20 v
x
x3
2
x
x32 x
0
x
x3
0
x
3
x - 2
0
x3+2 x
x
3 x3
x
C.V.A. x 0
03+
x3
x3
x
x [3 ; 0 ]
01+
x3
x3
x
x [0 ; 1 ]
- -3
Sol : x [3 ; 1 ]
|2 x 2+12 x+ 8|
2
x x6
|2 x2 +12 x+ 8|
0 |2 x 2+ 12 x +8| 0 x 2x6 0
2
x x 6
+
2
|2 x + 12 x +8|
2
x x6
x 2x6 0 R x 2 x 3
( x+ 2 )( x3 ) 0
x+ 2
x3
( x+ 2 )( x3 )
-2
3+
x [2,3 ] R x 2 x 3
-2
Df : x [ 2,3 ]
|1 3x| 2
3
1 2
x
3
1 0
x
3
3 0
x
3
1+ 0
x
3 x3
0
x
x +3
0
x x+ 3
x
-
-3
- x +30
x
1+
+
+
+
3 x3
x
3 x3
x
x [3,0[ x ]0,1 ]
Sol : x [ 3,0 [ ]0,1 ]
-3
|x 2+ x+ 4|x 2
Resolver la inecuacin:
CVA:
2 x + 7 x4
2 x +7 x4 0
( 2 x +8 ) ( 2 x1 )
0
2
( x+ 4 )( 2 x1 ) 0
x
x 4
1
2
x 2+ x + 4
0
-
x 2 + x+ 4x 2
0
2 x 2 +7 x4
x +4
0
( x + 4 ) ( 2 x1 )
2 x1
Resolver:
CVA:
14 x +4 x 2
x
14 x+ 4 x 0
( 2 x1 )2 0
CVA:
xR
2 x1
14 x +4 x 2
x
(2 x1)2
2 x1
x
2 x1
(12 x )2
x
2 x1
12 x
x
x
2 x1
12 x
x
0
x
( 1x ) 0
2 x1 1
(+)
2 x1 > 0
2 x1 =0
(-)
V
(1 1x ) 0
xR
x=
1
2
0
( x1
x )
-
1
x=
1
2
x1
0< x 1
Sol: x 0,1
i.- P(1): V/
P(1)=32(1) 21 = 7p
=
=
32 2 =7(1)
7=7p
T.I.-
= 32K.32 2K.2
= (7p + 2k)9 - 2K.2
32K =7p + 2k
n Z
3
n n+3=3 p
3
3 = 3(1)
2-) Entonces
Sea P=k
k 3 k +3=3 q
P.D.
k +1
Sea P = k+1
k +3 k +3 k + 1k +2
n3n+3
es divisible para
( k 3 k +3 ) + 3(k 2 + k)
3q
+3( k 2+ k )
3 ( q+ k 2 +k )
Sea r =
( q+ k 2 +k )
3r
FUNCIONES REALES
FUNCIN INYECTIVA, FUNCIN SOBREYECTIVA,
FUNCIN BIYECTIVA Y FUNCIN INVERSA
| |
x1
Sea f ( x )= x si x 9
| x1x |x 9
f ( x )=
(+)
f ( x )=
x1
x
f ( x )=1
1
x
PD: f ( x ) :inyectiva
sobreyectiva
f ( x 1 )=f ( x 2) y =1
1
1
=1 x 9
x1
x2
1
x
PD: f ( x )
1 1 1 1
=
x1
x2 x 9
1 1 1
1
=
x1 x2 x
9
1 8
x 2=x 1 1
x 9
..
f (x)
8
Inyectiva y 9
8
Rf : y ; R
9
f (x)
: no es
sobreyectiva
f : 9; + [] ;
x y=
.. f ( x )
..
f (x)
Inyectiva Sobreyectiva
..
f (x)
Biyectiva
y=
x1
x
xy=x1
xyx=1
x ( y1)=1
x=
1
y1
Inversa
y=
1
x1
8
9
x1
x
: Sobreyectiva
9;+
8
f 1 :;
9
x y=
1
x1
x
si x< 0
1x
x f ( x )=
x si x 1
x 1x
+11
y=1+
1
1x
x< 0
x >0
1x >1>0
1>
1
>0
1x
0>1+
1
>1
1x
0> y >1
1< y < 0
Rf y 1,0
--1
f ( x ) es inyectiva
R
Rf :1,0
Redefinida
f : ; 0[ [ 1 ;+ ] ]1 ; 0
x
si x< 0
1x
x f ( x )=
x si x 1
f es inyectiva
f es sobreyectiva
f es biyectiva
Hallar la inversa.
y=
x
1x
y (1x )=x
yx y=x
x+ x y= y
x (1+ y)= y
x=
y
1+ y
y=
x
1+ x
[ 1,+ ]
:1; 0 , 0
x
si x 1< x 0
1+ x
x f ( x )=
x si x=0
FUNCIONES EXPONENCIALES Y
LOGARITMICAS
EXPONENCIALES
FUNCIN INYECTIVA, FUNCIN SOBREYECTIVA,
FUNCIN BIYECTIVA Y FUNCIN INVERSA
Dada la funcin:
x
f ( x )=
3 +1
x
3 1
a) Demostrar q es inyectiva
b) Redefinir para que sea biyectiva y hallar su inversa
No tenemos demonio por lo tanto a nica conclusin es que el denominador
sea diferente de cero
3 x 1 0
x
3 1
x
log 3 3 log 3 1
x0
Df : R 0
x , 0[]0.
3x +1
x
x
3 +1 3 1
x
3 1
x
3 +11
2
f ( x )=1+
2
3 1
x
i inyectividad
f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 )
1+
2
2
=1+ x 2
3 1
3 1
x1
2
2
= x2
3 1 3 1
x1
2 ( 3x 21 ) =2 ( 3x 11 )
3 x21=3 x11
x2
3 =3
x1
x 2=x 1
f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2)
f ( x ) es inyectiva
ii sobreyectividad
Calculando el recorrido
I 1. , 0[ I 2.]0,+
x< 0
x
3 <3
x> 0
3 x 1< 0
3 >3
3 x 1> 0
1
1
<0 x
>0
3 1
3 1
x
2
2
<0 x
>0
3 1
3 1
x
1+
2
2
<11+ x >1
3 1
3 1
y <1
y >1
Rf 1= y , 1[Rf 2= y ]1,+
Rf 1 Rf 2
-
Rf =R 1
No hay otro conjunto de llegada aparte del conjunto que sacamos por la tanto
esta funcin es sobreyectiva
f : R/0 R/1
x f ( x )=1+
2
3 1
x
f ( x ) es sobreyectiva
Si es inyectiva y sobreyectiva a la vez entonces es biyectiva
Calculo de la inversa
Despejando x
y=1+
2
3 1
y1=
2
3 1
3 x 1=
2
y1
x=log 3 1+
2
y1
Cambio de variable
y=log 3 (1+
2
)
x1
f 1 R 1 R 0
f 1
x f 1 ( x )=log 3 1+
2
x1
x y=
2x
x
2 +1
Df : ,0 0,+
2x
x x
2 2 +1
x
2 +1
2 x 1
1
-1
i sobreyectividad
f ( x )=1
1
2 +1
x
I 1 :, 0 I 1: 0,+
x0
2x 20
x> 0
2x >20
2 1
0 2 x + 1 2
2 >1
2x +1>2>0
1
1
0 x
2 2 +1
1
1
> x >0
2 2 +1
1
1
1 1
0 x < x <0
2
2 +1 2 2 +1
1
1
1 1 x
2
2 +1
1
1
<1 x <1
2
2 +1
1
y
2
y
1
< y <1
2
1
2
Rf 2= y 1 /2, 1
R f = y , 1/2
Rf Rf 2=R
1/2
Rf Rf 2 R f ( x ) no es sobreyectiva
redefi niendo
f : R , 1
x y=1
1
2 +1
x
f ( x ) es sobreyectiva
Si es inyectiva y sobreyectiva entonces es biyectiva f 1
Calculo de lainversa
Despejando x
y=1
1
2 +1
y1=
1
2 x +1
2 +1=
1
y1
2 =1
1
y1
log 2 2x =log 2 1
x=log 2 1
1
y1
1
y 1
Cambio de variable
y=log 2 1
1
x1
R
f : ,1
x y=log 2 1
1
x1
si
1
g(x)= ln( x )
si
Hallar fog
fog (x )
x o
donde exista.
= f [ g( x ) ]
[ ]
1
= f ln( x )
= e
Si
1
ln ( )
x
1
2 ln( )
x
-1
x o
1
>0
x
x> o
Dfog : 0 ;
LOGARITMICAS
INECUACIONES
RESOLVER:
log 0,1 ( 4x 2)>log 0,1 ( 6|x|3)
C.V.A:
4x 2 >0
6|x|3> 0
x 2 >4
6|x|>3
|x|>
x 2< 4
|x|< 4
3
6
|x|>
1
2
x<
1
2
|x|<2
x>
2< X <2
-2
C.V.A :
1
2 v
1
2;
2
1
; 2
2
(4x 2 )>(6|x|3)
7x 2 <6|x|
7x 2 | |
<x
6
1
2
1
2
|x|> 7x
INTERVALO I : x
|x|> 7x
1
2;
2
x >
7x 2
6
6 x7+ x 2> 0
2
x 6 x7>0
( x7 ) (x +1)> 0
-
+
-1
( x7 )
(x+ 1)
( x7 ) (x +1)
CSI=
;1
CSTI= CSI
7 ;
INT I
-
+
-2 -1
CSTI:
2;1
1
- 2
1
; 2
2
INTERVALO II : x
|x|> 7x
x>
7x 2
6
6 x7+ x 2 >0
x 2+6 x7>0
( x+7 ) ( x 1)>0
-
1
-7
( x7 )
(x+ 1)
( x7 ) (x +1)
;7
CSI=
CSTII= CSII
1;+
INT II
-
+
-7
1
2
CSTII:
Resolver:
1; 2
1
2
x> 0
log 1 /2 ( x ) 3 0
log 1 /2 ( x ) 3
3
1
x
2
()
x
( 18 )
CVA
1
1
0 ; [] ;+
8
8
Resolucin
z=log 1 /2 ( x )
z 2 + z2
0
z3
( z +2 ) ( z1)
0
z3
z+2
z-1
z-3
-2
+1
+3
+
-
+
+
-
+
+
+
( z +2 ) (z1) z3
3 ;+
S 1=[ 2; 1 ]
2 z 1z 3
2 log 1 /2 ( x ) 1 log 1/ 2 ( x ) 3
[2 log 1 ( x ) log 1 ( x ) 1]log 1/ 2 ( x ) 3
2
1
1
1
2 log 1 log 1 ( x ) log 1 ( x ) log 1 log 1 ( x ) 3 log 1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
log 1
24 x x
1
1
x
2
8
16 x x
1
1
x
2
8
x 16 x
1
1
x
2
8
1
2
()
log 1 ( x ) x
2
1
1
log 1 ( x ) log 1
2
2
2
2
()
1/8
1/2
S 1=
[ ]
1
; 16
2
S 2= ;
S T =S 1 S2 CVA
1
8
16
1/8
1/2
[ ]
1
; 16
2
1
S T x 0 ;
8
x +4
1
ln
0
x1 |x|+1
Resolver
ln
1
>0
|x|+1
x +4
0
x1
CVA:
x1
x +4
0
x1
-4
X+4
x-1
+
-
1
+
o
x 4
,4
U 1,+
x
x> 1
16
3
4+ log 1 ( x )
2
C.V.A
x> 0 4+ log 1 ( x ) 0
2
log 1 ( x ) 4
2
1
2
()
x 16
C.V.A
16
{ 16 }
x 0,+
log 2 ( x )
3
4+ log 2 ( x )
1
log 2 ( x )
3
4+ (1 ) log 2 ( x )
z=log 2 ( x )
z
3
4+ (1 ) z
3
4z
3
0
4z
z 24 z +3
0
4 z
( z3 )( z1 )
0
4z
z-3
-
+
z-1
4-z
3,4
I 1 :, 1 I 2:
z=log 2 ( x ) z=log 2 ( x )
log 2 ( x ) 13 log 2 ( x ) < 4
log 2 ( x ) log 2 21 log 2 23 log 2 ( x ) < log 2 24
x 2 8 x <16
C .VA
8, 16
Sol : x ,2
8,16
ST x 0,2
16
5
5
4
log 3 3 =4 log 3 3=10 log 3 3=20
2
2
Cambio de base
( x )=
log 3 ( x )
log 3
( 32 )
log 3 ( x)
log 3 (x)
=
log 3 2log 3 3 log 3 21
log 2
3
log 3( x)
3 log 3 ( x ) >20
log 3 21
z=log 3 (x )
z
3 z >20
0.36
z +1.08 z
>20
0.36
2,08 z>7,2
z>3,46
z=log 3 ( x )
log 3 ( x )>3.46
log 3 ( x )> log 3 33.46
x> 33.46 C . VA
3.46
ST : x 33 .46 ,+
log 1 ( x ) +1
2
2log 1 (x)
log 1 ( x )+ 1
2
2log 1 (x)
0 2log 1 ( x ) 0
2
z=log 1 ( x )
2
z+1
0 2z 0
2z
-
z+ 1
-1
z2
log 1 ( x ) 2
2
2z
z+1
2z
1
x
2
()
1
4
2,+
z ,1 z
z 1 z 2
log 1 ( x ) 1 log 1 ( x ) 2
( 2)
(2)
( x ) log
( x ) log 1
(2 )
( 12 )
1
2
1
2
()
()
log 1
log 1
(2)
( 2)
x2
1/4
C . V . A x R/1/4
z +1
1
2z
2
( )
z+1
1
2z
z+1
1
2z
2 z1
0
2z
1
4
2 z 1
2z
2 z1
2z
1
z ,2
2
z=log 1 ( x )
(2)
1
<log 1 ( x ) <2
2
(2)
1 12
1
< log 1 ( x )< log 1
2
(2 )
(2 ) 2
log 1
()
()
(2)
1 2
1
> log 1 ( x )> log 1
2
(2 )
(2 ) 2
()
()
log 1
(2)
1
1
> x>
4
2
1
1
<x<
4
2
C . VA
1 1
x ,
4 2
1 1
ST : x ,
4 2
DOMINIO
1 |x +1|3 x
2 arcsenx
|x +1|3 x
arcsenx
>0
|x +1|3 x >0
1.2)
arcsen ( x ) >0
|x +1|3 x <0
2.2)
arcsen(x ) <0
1.1
|x +1|3 x >o
|x +1|>3 x
x+ 1> 3 x
x+ 1<3 x
1>2 x
1
>x
2
4 x <1
1
Sol=,
2
arcse n ( x ) >0
x<
1
4
arcsen(x )>
y=arcsenx
-1
1
2
-1
S1 S2
-1
S1: X
[ 1 , 0 ]
2.1
-1 x 0
|x +1|3 x <0
|x +1|<3 x
3 x < x +1< 3 x
x+ 1>3 x
x+ 3 x >1
1/2
x+ 1< 3 x
x3 x<1
x>
1
4
2 x <1
x>
-1/4
1
2
1/2
1
S1 2 ,+
2.2
arcsen ( x ) <0
arcsen ( x )<
0 x 1
S2.2:
[ 0,1 ]
ST: S1 U S2
0
ST2:
[ ]
1
,1
2
[ ]
1
,1
2
Stotal :S 1 U S 2:1,0
U
FUNCIONES TRIGONOMTRICAS
ECUACIONES
Resolver la siguiente ecuacin
sen ( x) sen (2 x )
C.V.A
x R
sen ( x) 2 sen( x )cos ( x )
1
2
5
x 2 k +2 k x
+ 2 k
3
3
s 1: +2 k ,
5
+2 k
3
2.sen ( x ) 0 2 cos ( x )1 0
x 0+2 k 2cos ( x ) 1 0
x 2 k cos ( x )
1
2
x 2 k +2 k x + 2 k
3
3
S 2: 2 k : +2 k
3
ST : +2 k ,
]
][
+2 k 2 k : +2 k
3
3
INECUACIONES
Resolver la inecuacin
sin ( x ) cos ( x ) 1
C.V.A.
sin ( X ) cos ( X ) 0
2 ( sin ( X ) cos ( X ) ) 0
sin ( 2 X ) 0
[ ]
Sol : X 0 ;
X 0+k ; +k
2
2 sin ( x ) cos ( x ) 1
sin ( 2 x ) 1
2
( sin ( 2 x ) ) 12
sin ( 2 x ) 1
Sol : X ; ; 0 ;
2
2
C.V.A.
X +k ; +k ;0+k ; +k
2
2
MONOTONIA
Hallar los intervalos de monotona
[ ]
1)
h ( x )=cos ( 2 x )
y=cos 2 x
0,21
-1
[ ]
D= 0 ;
R=[1 ; 1]
funcin
2)
g ( x ) =2 x 2x1
0
-1 -1/2
D=[ 1; 1 ]
X min =
1
4
2 x 2x 1
( 2 x2 ) (2 x+ 1)
2
( x1 ) (2 x +1 )
Intervalos de monotona en la parbola:
1/4
[ ][ ]
1 ;
1
1
;1
4
4
f ( x ) INTERVALOS DE MONOTONIA
[ 0 ;0,21 ] 0,21 ;
2
I 1 =[ 0; 0,21 ]
h ( x ) en [ 0 ; 0,21 ]
g ( x ) en
[ ]
1
;1
4
f ( x ) en [ 0 ; 0,21 ]
I 2 = 0,21 ;
h ( x ) en 0,21 ;
g ( x ) en 1 ;
1
4
f ( x ) en 0,21 ;
NUMEROS COMPLEJOS
1
a+bi=
1+
1+
1
i + i17 +1
15
a+bi=
1+
1
i i + i16i+1
1+
12
a+bi=
1+
1
1i+1i+1
1+
a+bi=
1+
1
i+ i+1
1+
a+bi=
1+
1+
1
1+1
1
1+
1
1+
a+bi=
1
2
1
1
1+
a+bi=
1
1
a+bi=
a+bi=
1
2
1
2+1
2
a+bi=
a+bi=
1
3
2
2
3
2
a= b=0
3
Demostrar que:
( 1+i )n
=i n (1i )
n1
( 1i )
( 1+i )n
( 1+i )n
=
( 1i )n1 ( 1i )n1
( 1+i )n
( 1+ i )n
=
( 1i )n1 ( 1i )n (1i )1
( 1+i )n
1+ i n
=
( 1i )
( 1i )n1 1i
( )
[( )( )]
( 1+i )n
1+i
=
n1
1i
( 1i )
1+i
1+i
(1i )
n
( 1+i )n
1+i +i1
=
( 1i )
( 1i )n1 1+ii i2
( 1+i )n
2i n
=
( 1i )
2
( 1i )n1
( )
( 1+i )n
=i n (1i )
n1
( 1i )
Z
2
Si Z = 1 - i
1i (1i)
.
2(1+i) (1i)
(1i)2
2(12i2 )
12i+i
2(1+ 1)
r=
2i
=
4
=
i
2
1
2
3
2
1
3
z= Cis
2
2
3
z=
1
+2 k
Cis
2
3
3
+2 k
2
3
z=0,79 Cis
3
Si k= 0
Z 1=0,79Cis
( 2 )
[ ( ) ( )]
Z 1=0,79 cos
Z 1= ( 0+0,79 i )
+ Sen
i
2
2
Si k= 1
Z 2=0,79Cis
( 76 )
[ ( ) ( )]
7
7
+ Sen
i
6
6
Z 2=0,79 cos
Z 2=
( 23 12 i)
Si k= 2
Z 3=0,79Cis
( 116 )
Z 3=0,79 cos
Z 3=
( 23 12 i )
x 4 + x 2+1=0
de:
2
SEA x = m
m=
+m+1=0
b b24 ac
2a
1
2
x = 2 +
3 ( i )
2
m1
;
;
1
=- 2 +
3 ( i)
1
2
x = 2 +
3 ( i)
2
m2
1
=- 2 -
3 ( i)
2
x1
1 3
+ (i)
2
2
x2
1 3
+ (i)
2
2
1
=- 2 +
z1
1
3
+
2
2
3 ( i )|z |
2
1 2 3
+
2
2
)( )
z2
1
=- 2 +
3 ( i)|z |
2
)( )
|z 1|
=60
=1
=120
|z 2|
=30
=1
=240
EXISTEN DOS RAICES:
r1
r3
r2
r4
K=0
k=0
1
2
[ (
)]
[ (
1
120+360 ( 0 )
120+360 ( 0 )
240+360 ( 0 )
240+360 ( 0 )
r 1=( 1 ) cos
+ i sin
r 3 =( 1 ) 2 cos
+i sin
2
0
2
0
r1
= 0,5+0,866
K=1 k=1
) (
ir 3
=-0,5+0,866 i
) (
)]
1
2
r2
1
( 1 ) 2 cos
r2
= ( 1 ) cos
( 1)
120+360 ( 1 )
+isin (
( 120+360
)
)] r
2
2
(1)
240+ 360 ( 1 )
+i sin (
( 240+360
)
)]
2
2
= -0,5-0,866
ir 4
= 0,5-0,866 i