c 3,500 Beginning of Writing

c 1850 Time of Abraham and Sarah Mincan civilisation

c 1550 Era of Joseph in Egypt
c 1250 The Exodus and beginning of Mosaic Law
c 1012 Beginning of reign of King David
c 1000 Capture of Jerusalem by David
c 970 Solomon begins construction of Temple
931 Beginning of period of two kingdoms: Israel and Judah
c753 The Founding of Rome
c 400s Period of rise of Greek philosophy
c 399 Death of Socrates
c 336 Beginning of era of Alexander the Great
c 167 Beginning of period of the Great Persecution of the Jews, Maccabean revolt
c 63 Roman General Pompey captures Jerusalem
c 37 Herod the Great is effectively King of Judea
c 4 Birth of Our Lord Jesus Christ
27(AD) Beginning of the public life of Christ
30 Crucifixion of Christ
43 St James the Greater is martyred
45 St Paul begins his journeys
49/51 Council of Apostles held in Jerusalem, Pauls first letter was written
around AD 51.
64 First Persecution of Christians by Roman Emperor Nero and martyrdom of St Peter
and St Paul
AD 65-80 Luke gospel may have been written, the time of the destruction of
the Jewish Temple
70 Destruction of Jerusalem after Jewish revolt fails
95 Persecution of Christians by Roman Emperor Domitian
By the end of the 1st century all 4 gospels as we have today, in New
Testament were written.
By the end of first century the Christian Church was firmly established in
Rome.
By the middle of 2nd century sister communities to west Gaul&
Mediterranean, North Africa.
107 Persecution by Roman Emperor Trajan
169 Persecution in the era of Marcus Aurelius
195 Council of Caesarea, to settle on a time for celebrating Easter
202 Persecution of Christians by Roman Emperor Severus
235 Persecution by Roman Emperor Maximinus
250 Persecution by Roman Emperor Decius
257 Persecution by Roman Emperor Valerian
258 Martyrdom of St Cyprian
270 Persecution of Christians by Roman Emperor Aurelian
303 Persecution by Roman Emperor Diocletian
312 The conversion of the Emperor Constantine
313 Edict of Milan by Emperor Constantine provides Freedom of Christian
religious practice
325 First Council of Nicea and formulation of Nicene Creed, Once again, a
Council gathered at Nicea and Chalcedon in AD 451, the two natures of
Jesus, his humanness and his divinity.
410 Rome sacked by Alaric
431 Council of Ephesus
787 Second Council of Nicea, called to deal with the iconoclast issue
800 Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III

988 Baptism of Vladimir of Kiev, Christianity comes to Russia

1054 Division of Christianity into East and West
1095 First Crusade proclaimed by Pope Urban II
1099 Crusaders capture Jerusalem
1119 University of Bologna founded, first in Europe
1147 Second Crusade
1150 University of Paris founded
1167 University of Oxford founded
1189 Third Crusade, Richard The Lionheart, 1201 Fourth Crusade, 1219 Fifth Crusade
1228 Sixth Crusade, Emperor Frederick II
1246 Feast of Corpus Christi established
1275 Marco Polo visits China
1284 Cambridge University founded
1300s Black Death in Europe
1378 The Western Schism
14s indulgences, since abuse of this practice and belief was a factor in the
reformation that followed
1417 Election of Martin V and Council of Constance end the Western Schism
(explain botton)
1431 St Joan of Arc burned at the stake
1450 Invention of the printing press by Gutenberg
1517 Martin Luther begins the Protestant Reformation
1519 Spanish conquistadors arrive in Aztec capital
1532 Spanish conquistadors conquer the territories of the Inca
1534 Henry VIII establishes the Church of England and begins persecution of Catholics
154563 Council of Trent, responded firmly to the issues of the Reformation,
Pope Paul III of
the Catholic reform that has come to be called the
Counter-Reformation.
1560s Presbyterian Church becomes the national Church of Scotland
1570 Excommunication of Elizabeth I by Pope St Pius V
1607 First English settlement in North America
1616 Death of Shakespeare
1665 Bubonic plague in London
1666 Great Fire of London
1688 English Revolution, James II flees to France
1770 Captain Cook explores coast of Australia
1775 Beginning of American Revolution
1788 First Fleet lands at Botany Bay
1789 Beginning of the French Revolution
1837 Beginning of reign of Queen Victoria
1830s1840s Caroline Chisholm works to support immigrant girls in NSW
1854 Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Our Lady defined by Blessed
Pius IX
1858 Marian apparitions to St Bernadette near Lourdes
186970 First Vatican Council
1899 Boer War begins
1900 Boxer Rebellion in China
1901 Federation of Australian States
19021904 Expulsion of religious orders under Emile Combes (France)
191418 World War I
1917 Marian apparitions at Fatima, Portugal, Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
1929 Wall Street Stock Market Crash, Treaty of the Lateran
193033 Great Depression
1933 Adolf Hitler Chancellor of Germany

193639 Spanish Civil War

1939 Beginning of Second World War
1942 Beginning of Jewish Holocaust following years of Persecution
1945 End of World War II and beginning of Communist, persecution of Catholics in
Eastern Europe.
1947 Independence of India and Pakistan
1948 Declaration of the State of Israel
1949 Mao Tse-tungs Communist government takes over China, persecution of
Catholics begins
1950 Korean War begins, Dogma of the Assumption defined by Pius XII
1953 Death of Stalin
1954 Communist takeover of North Vietnam
196265 Second Vatican Council
1969 Apollo II spacecraft lands on the moon
1975 Both North and South Vietnam now Communist
1989 Communism collapses in Central and Eastern Europe
1993 Catechism of the Catholic Church promulgated, John Paul II issues
encyclical on morality.
1995 Beatification of Mother Mary MacKillop by Pope John Paul II
2000 Year of Jubilee to celebrate 20 centuries of Christianity
2008 World Youth Day - Sydney
2010 Canonisation of Bl Mary MacKillop by Pope Benedict XVI
2011 World Youth Day, Madrid
EAST & WEST
At the Council of Ephesus in AD 431 The Persian Christians, Syria, and Egypt did not
accept the teachings that Jesus was fully human and fully divine. Tension between the
East with its capital in Constantinople and the West with its capital in Rome and
became separated from the rest of the Church.
Schism, in Christianity, a break in the unity of the church.
Schism of 1054, also called EastWest Schism, event that precipitated the final
separation
between
the Eastern Christian churches (led
by
the patriarch of
Constantinople, Michael Cerularius) and the Western Church (led by Pope Leo IX). The
mutual excommunications by the Pope and the Patriarch that year became a
watershed in church history. The excommunications were not lifted until 1965, when
Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras, following their historic meeting in Jerusalem
in
1964,
presided
over
simultaneous
ceremonies
that
revoked
the
excommunication decrees.
The relation of the Byzantine Church to the Roman may be described as one of
growing estrangement from the 5th to the 11th century. In the early church three
bishops stood forth prominently, principally from the political eminence of the cities in
which they ruledthe bishops of Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch. The transfer of the
seat of empire from Rome to Constantinople and the later eclipse of Alexandria and
Antioch as battlegrounds of Islam and Christianity promoted the importance of
Constantinople. Concurrently, the theological calmness of the West, in contrast to the
often violent theological disputes that troubled the Eastern patriarchates,
strengthened the position of the Roman popes, who made increasing claims to preeminence. But this pre-eminence, or rather the Roman idea of what was involved in it,
was never acknowledged in the East. To press it upon the Eastern patriarchs was to
prepare the way for separation; to insist upon it in times of irritation was to cause a
schism.

The theological genius of the East was different from that of the West. The Eastern
theology had its roots in Greek philosophy, whereas a great deal of Western theology
was based on Roman law. This gave rise to misunderstandings and at last led to two
widely separate ways of regarding and defining one important doctrinethe
procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father or from the Father and the Sonwith the
Roman churches, without consulting the East, incorporating the Son into their creed.
The Eastern churches also resented the Roman enforcement of clerical celibacy, the
limitation of the right of confirmation to the bishop, and the use of unleavened bread
in the Eucharist.
Political jealousies and interests intensified the disputes; and at last, after many
premonitory symptoms, the final break came in 1054, when Pope Leo IX struck at
Michael Cerularius and his followers with an excommunication and when the Patriarch
retaliated with a similar excommunication. There had been mutual excommunications
before, but they had not resulted in permanent schisms. At the time there seemed
possibilities of reconciliation, but the rift grew wider; in particular, the Greeks were
bitterly antagonized by such events as the Latin capture of Constantinople in 1204.
Western pleas for reunion (on Western terms), such as those at the Council of Lyon
(1274) or the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439), were rejected by the Byzantines.
The greatest of the Christian schisms was that involving the Protestant Reformation
and the division from Rome.