Ch04HW
Ch04HW
Due:9:30amonMonday,February22,2016
Youwillreceivenocreditforitemsyoucompleteaftertheassignmentisdue.GradingPolicy
PrelectureVideo:NewtonsFirstLaw
ClickPlaytowatchthevideo.Answertheungradedquestionsinthevideoandthegradedfollowupquestionsatright.
PartA
Recalltheportionofthevideoinwhichthegirlpushesherbrotheronthesledatconstantvelocity.Thepushing
forcesheexertsonthesledis_____thefrictionalforcethegroundexertsonthesled.
ANSWER:
greaterthan
equalto
lessthan
Correct
Becausethesledsvelocityisconstant,thenetforcemustbezeroandthetwohorizontalforcesmust
balanceout.
PartB
AccordingtoNewtonsfirstlaw,whenthenetforceactingonanobjectiszero,theobjectmust_____.
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
1/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
havezerovelocity
haveconstantvelocity
beslowingdown
bespeedingup
Correct
Whenthenetforceiszero,theaccelerationiszero,sothevelocitymustbeconstant.Notethatzerovelocity
issimplyaspecialcaseofconstantvelocity.
PartC
Anelevatormovesstraightupwardataconstantspeed.Newtonsfirstlawpredictsthatthenetforceactingonthe
elevatorwill_____.
ANSWER:
bezero
pointupward
beincreasing
Correct
Anobjectmovinginastraightlineatconstantspeedhaszeroaccelerationbecausethenetforceactingonit
isalsozero.
PartD
Imagineholdingabasketballinbothhands,throwingitstraightupashighasyoucan,andthencatchingitwhenit
falls.Atwhichpointsintimedoesazeronetforceactontheball?Ignoreairresistance.
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:
attheinstantthefallingballhitsyourhands
whenyouholdtheballstillinyourhandsaftercatchingit
justaftertheballfirstleavesyourhands
attheinstanttheballreachesitshighestpoint
whenyouholdtheballstillinyourhandsbeforeitisthrown
Correct
Whenanobjectsvelocityischanging,thenetforceonitisnotzero,evenifitstopsforaninstant.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
2/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
PrelectureVideo:NewtonsSecondLaw
ClickPlaytowatchthevideo.Answertheungradedquestionsinthevideoandthegradedfollowupquestionsatright.
PartA
Inthevideo,forcesactingonthecarthatareparalleltothedirectionofmotionareanalyzed.Howaretheseforces
related?
ANSWER:
Theforcesareequalinsize,actinthesamedirection,andproduceanetforceinthedirectionofmotion.
Theforcesareunequalinsize,actinthesamedirection,andproduceanetforceinthedirectionof
motion.
Theforcesareequalinsize,actinoppositedirections,andproduceanetforceinthedirectionofmotion.
Theforcesareunequalinsize,actinoppositedirections,andproduceanetforceinthedirectionof
motion.
Theforcesareequalinsize,actinoppositedirections,andproduceazeronetforce.
Correct
Thecarissubjecttotwoforcesactingalongthedirectionofmotion.Thepropellingforceactsinthedirection
ofmotion,whiletheforceofdragactsoppositethedirectionofmotion.Becausethetwoforcesareequalin
size,theycancel,producingazeronetforce.Asaresult,thecartravelsatconstantspeed.
PartB
Themassofarocketdecreasesasitburnsthroughitsfuel.Iftherocketengineproducesconstantforce(thrust),
howdoestheaccelerationoftherocketchangeovertime?
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
3/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Itdoesnotchange.
Itincreases.
Itdecreases.
Correct
Theconstantforcerocketsaccelerationisinverselyrelatedtoitsmass.Becauseitsmassdecreasesover
time,itsaccelerationincreases.
PartC
Newtonssecondlawrelatesanobjectsaccelerationtoitsmassandthenetforceactingonit.DoesNewtons
secondlawapplytoasituationinwhichthereisnonetforce?Selectthebestexplanation.
ANSWER:
No.Thelawappliesonlytosituationsinwhichanetforceacts.
Yes.Thelawappliesandittellsusthattheobjecthasanonzeroacceleration.
Yes.Thelawappliesandittellsusthattheobjecthasconstantvelocity.
No.Thelawdoesnotapplybecauseazeronetforcewouldproduceaninfiniteacceleration.
Correct
Newtonssecondlawappliestoallsituations,whetherthereisanetforceornot.Inthecaseofzeronetforce,
anyfinitemassobjectmusthavezeroacceleration,whichmeansthatitsvelocityisconstant.
PartD
Anexperimentmeasurestheaccelerationofanobjectofknownmasssubjecttoaknownnetforce.The
experimentisthenrepeatedwhilevaryingthemassandthenetforce.Thetablebelowsummarizestheconditions
usedineachtrial.
Trial
Mass
Netforce
doubled
doubled
halved
unchanged
doubled
unchanged
halved
doubled
Ranktheaccelerationsmeasuredineachtrialfromlargesttosmallest.
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
4/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Correct
Theaccelerationsfromlargesttosmallestareasfollows:Trial4(quadrupled),Trial2(doubled),Trial1
(unchanged)andTrial3,(halved).
AnObjectAcceleratingonaRamp
LearningGoal:
Understandthattheaccelerationvectorisinthedirectionofthechangeofthevelocityvector.
Inonedimensional(straightline)motion,accelerationisaccompaniedbyachangeinspeed,andtheaccelerationis
alwaysparallel(orantiparallel)tothevelocity.
Whenmotioncanoccurintwodimensions(e.g.isconfinedtoatabletopbutcanlieanywhereinthexyplane),the
definitionofaccelerationis
a(t) =
v (t+t)
v (t)
t
inthelimitt0.
Inpicturingthisvectorderivativeyoucanthinkofthederivativeofavectorasaninstantaneousquantitybythinkingof
thevelocityofthetipofthearrowasthevectorchangesintime.Alternatively,youcan(forsmallt)approximatethe
accelerationas
a(t)
v (t+t)
v (t)
t
+ t) and v (t)
Obviouslythedifferencebetweenv (t
isanothervectorthatcanlieinanydirection.Ifitislongerbutin
+ t) hasthesamemagnitudeas v (t)
Thisproblemcontainsseveralexamplesofthis.Consideranobjectslidingonafrictionlessrampasdepictedhere.The
objectisalreadymovingalongtheramptowardposition2whenitisatposition1.Thefollowingquestionsconcernthe
directionoftheobject'saccelerationvector,a.Inthisproblem,youshouldfindthedirectionoftheaccelerationvector
bydrawingthevelocityvectorattwopointsneartothepositionyouareaskedabout.Notethatsincetheobjectmoves
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
5/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
alongthetrack,itsvelocityvectoratapointwillbetangentto
thetrackatthatpoint.Theaccelerationvectorwillpointinthe
samedirectionasthevectordifferenceofthetwovelocities.
(Thisisaresultoftheequation
+ t) v (t))/t
givenabove.)
a(t) (v (t
PartA
Whichdirectionbestapproximatesthedirectionofawhentheobjectisatposition1?
Hint1.Considerthechangeinvelocity
Atthispoint,theobject'svelocityvectorisnotchangingdirectionrather,itisincreasinginmagnitude.
Therefore,theobject'saccelerationisnearlyparalleltoitsvelocity.
ANSWER:
straightup
downwardtotheleft
downwardtotheright
straightdown
Correct
PartB
Whichdirectionbestapproximatesthedirectionofawhentheobjectisatposition2?
Hint1.Considerthechangeinvelocity
Atthispoint,thespeedhasalocalmaximumthusthemagnitudeofv isnotchanging.Therefore,no
componentoftheaccelerationvectorisparalleltothevelocityvector.However,sincethedirectionofv is
changingthereisanacceleration.
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
6/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
straightup
upwardtotheright
straightdown
downwardtotheleft
Correct
Eventhoughtheaccelerationisdirectedstraightup,thisdoesnotmeanthattheobjectismovingstraightup.
PartC
Whichdirectionbestapproximatesthedirectionofawhentheobjectisatposition3?
Hint1.Considerthechangeinvelocity
Atthispoint,thespeedhasalocalminimumthusthemagnitudeofv isnotchanging.Therefore,no
componentoftheaccelerationvectorisparalleltothevelocityvector.However,sincethedirectionofv is
changingthereisanacceleration.
ANSWER:
upwardtotheright
totheright
straightdown
downwardtotheright
Correct
PhETTutorial:ProjectileMotion
LearningGoal:
Tounderstandhowthetrajectoryofanobjectdependsonitsinitialvelocity,andtounderstandhowairresistance
affectsthetrajectory.
Forthisproblem,usethePhETsimulationProjectileMotion.Thissimulationallowsyoutofireanobjectfromacannon,
seeitstrajectory,andmeasureitsrangeandhangtime(theamountoftimeintheair).
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
7/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Startthesimulation.PressFiretolaunchanobject.Youcanchoosetheobjectbyclickingononeoftheobjectsinthe
scrolldownmenuattopright(acannonballisnotamongthechoices).Toadjustthecannonbarrelsangle,clickand
dragonitortypeinanumericalvalue(indegrees).Youcanalsoadjustthespeed,mass,anddiameteroftheobjectby
typinginvalues.ClickingAirResistancedisplayssettingsfor(1)thedragcoefficientand(2)thealtitude(which
controlstheairdensity).Forthistutorial,wewilluseanaltitudeofzero(sealevel)andletthedragcoefficientbe
automaticallysetwhentheobjectischosen.
Playaroundwiththesimulation.Whenyouaredone,clickEraseandselectabaseballpriortobeginningPartA.Leave
AirResistanceunchecked.
PartA
First,youwillinvestigatepurelyverticalmotion.Thekinematicsequationforverticalmotion(ignoringair
resistance)isgivenby
2
y(t) = y + v 0 t (1/2)gt ,
0
wherey0 = 0istheinitialposition(whichis1.2mabovethegroundduetothewheelsofthecannon),v 0 isthe
initialspeed,andg istheaccelerationduetogravity.
Shootthebaseballstraightupward(atanangleof90 )withaninitialspeedof20m/s .
Howlongdoesittakeforthebaseballtohittheground?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
4.1s
Correct
Noticethatthisvaluecouldbedeterminedfromthekinematicsequation:Approximatingthefinalheighttobe
y(t f ) = 0(keepinmindthatthelocationwhere y = 0isinsidethecannon,nottheground),thekinematics
equationbecomes(v 0 0.5gt) = 0 ,ort = 2v 0 /g = 4.1s.Thiscalculationisinterestingbecauseitshows
that,forverticalmotion,thetimetheballisintheairisproportionaltoitsinitialspeed.
PartB
Whenthebaseballisshotstraightupwardwithaninitialspeedof20m/s ,whatisthemaximumheightaboveits8/43
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Whenthebaseballisshotstraightupwardwithaninitialspeedof20m/s ,whatisthemaximumheightaboveits
initiallocation?(Notethattheballsinitialheightisdenotedbythehorizontalwhiteline.Itisinitially1.2mabove
theground.Theyellowboxthatisbelowthetargetonthegrassismeasuringtapethatshouldbeusedforthis
part.)
Expressyouranswerwithappropriateunits.
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Usethemeasuringtapetodeterminetheheight.Aligntheplussignatthebeginningofthespoolwiththe
horizontalwhiteline,anddragtheendofthetapetothemaximumheightoftheballstrajectory.Youcan
zoominoroutusingthemagnificationbuttonsabovetheFireandErasebuttons.
ANSWER:
20m
Correct
Noticethatthisvaluecouldbedeterminedfromthekinematicsequation:Sinceyoufoundittakes4.1s forthe
balltoreachtheground,itmusttakeroughly2.1s toreachthemaximumheight(usingtheunrounded
2
answer),whichisgivenbyy(t = 2.1 s) = (20 m/s)(2.1 s) (1/2)(9.8 m/s 2 )(2.1 s) = 20.4 mor
20 musingtwosignificantfigures.(Since20 misconsiderablylongerthantheinitialheightabovethe
ground,itisagoodapproximationtopretendthattheinitialpositionofthebaseballwastheground.)
PartC
Iftheinitialspeedoftheballisdoubled,howdoesthemaximumheightchange?
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Youcanusethesimulationtohelpwiththisquestion.Settheinitialspeedto40m/s ,andagainmeasure
themaximumheightwiththemeasuringtape.Youwilllikelyhavetozoomouttoseethetopoftheballs
trajectory.
ANSWER:
Themaximumheightincreasesbyafactoroffour.
Themaximumheightincreasesbyafactorof1.4(squarerootof2).
Themaximumheightincreasesbyafactoroftwo.
Correct
Sincetheamountoftimeittakestoreachthemaximumheightdoubles,andsinceitsaveragevelocityin
goingupwardalsodoubles(theaveragevelocityisequaltohalftheinitialvelocity),theheightitreaches
beforestoppingincreasesbyafactoroffour(distanceisequaltotheaveragevelocitymultipliedbythetime
duration).
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
9/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
PartD
Eraseallthetrajectories,andfiretheballverticallyagainwithaninitialspeedof20m/s .Asyoufoundearlier,the
maximumheightisroughly20m.Iftheballisntfiredvertically,butatananglelessthan90 ,itcanreachthe
samemaximumheightifitsinitialspeedisfaster.Settheinitialspeedto25m/s ,andfindtheanglesuchthat
themaximumheightisroughly20m.Experimentbyfiringtheballwithmanydifferentangles.Youcanusethe
measuringtapetodeterminethemaximumheightofthetrajectoryandcompareitto20m.
Whatisthisangle?
ANSWER:
30
75
53
63
45
Correct
Noticethattheinitialspeedintheverticaldirectionisgivenby(25m/s)sin(53 ) = 20m/s.Theball
launchedatthisanglereachesthesameheightastheverticallylaunchedballbecausetheyhavethesame
initialspeedsintheverticaldirection.
PartE
Inthepreviouspart,youfoundthataballfiredwithaninitialspeedof25m/s andanangleof53 reachesthe
sameheightasaballfiredverticallywithaninitialspeedof20m/s .Whichballtakeslongertoland?
ANSWER:
Theballfiredverticallystaysintheairlonger.
Bothballsareintheairthesameamountoftime.
Theballfiredatanangleof53 staysintheairlonger.
Correct
Theverticalcomponentofthevelocitydetermineshowlongtheballwillbeintheair(anditsmaximum
height).Thehorizontalcomponentoftheball'svelocitydoesnotaffectthishangtime.
PartF
Thefigureshowstwotrajectories,madebytwoballslaunchedwithdifferentanglesandpossiblydifferentinitial
speeds.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
10/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Basedonthefigure,forwhichtrajectorywastheballintheairforthegreatestamountoftime?
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
ThinkabouttheresultofPartE(thinkabouttherelationshipbetweenthemaximumheightofsomething
thrownupwardandtheamountoftimeitisintheair).Doesthetimeintheairdependontherangeofthe
trajectory?
ANSWER:
Itsimpossibletotellsolelybasedonthefigure.
TrajectoryA
Theballsareintheairforthesameamountoftime.
TrajectoryB
Correct
Allthatmattersistheverticalheightofthetrajectory,whichisbasedonthecomponentoftheinitialvelocity
intheverticaldirection(v 0 sin ).Thehigherthetrajectory,themoretimetheballwillbeintheair,regardless
oftheballsrangeorhorizontalvelocity.
PartG
Therangeisthedistancefromthecannonwhentheballhitstheground.Thisdistanceisgivenbythehorizontal
velocity(whichisconstant)timestheamountoftimetheballisintheair(whichisdeterminedbythevertical
componentoftheinitialvelocity,asyoujustdiscovered).
Settheinitialspeedto20m/s ,andfiretheballseveraltimeswhilevaryingtheanglebetweenthecannonandthe
horizontal.Noticethatthedigitaldisplaynearthetopgivestherangeoftheball.
Forwhichangleistherangeamaximum(withtheinitialspeedheldconstant)?
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
11/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
60
30
90
45
Correct
Whentheballislaunchednearalevelground,45 istheoptimumangle.Iflaunchedwithagreaterangle,it
staysintheairlonger,butitshorizontalspeedisslower,anditwontgoasfar.Iflaunchedwithasmaller
angle,itshorizontalspeedisfaster,butitwontstayintheairaslonganditwontgoasfar.Theproduct
betweenthehorizontalspeedandtheamountoftimeintheairislargestwhentheangleis45 .
PartH
Howdoestherangeoftheobjectchangeifitsinitialvelocityisdoubled(keepingtheanglefixedandlessthan
90 )?
ANSWER:
Theballsrangeiseighttimesasfar.
Theballsrangeistwiceasfar.
Theballsrangeisfourtimesasfar.
Correct
Sincetheverticalcomponentofthevelocityistwiceaslarge,ittakestwiceaslongtohittheground.The
horizontalcomponentofthevelocityisalsotwiceaslarge,andsincetherangeisequaltothehorizontal
velocitytimestheamountoftimetheballisintheair,therangeincreasesbyafactoroffour.Theresultsof
thisquestionandthepreviousquestioncanbesummarizedbytherangeequation,whichis
2
R = 2v 0 sin()cos()/g.
PartI
Now,letsseewhathappenswhenthecannonishighabovetheground.Clickonthewheelofthecannon,and
dragitupwardasfarasitgoes(about21mabovetheground).Settheinitialvelocityto20m/s ,andfireseveral
ballswhilevaryingtheangle.
Forwhatangleistherangethegreatest?
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
12/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
30
45
35
40
50
Correct
Sincethecannonisveryhighofftheground,theballwillbeintheairforanappreciableamountoftimeeven
iftheballislaunchednearlyhorizontally.Thus,theamountoftimetheballisintheairisntproportionaltothe
verticalcomponentoftheinitialvelocity(asitwaswhenthecannonwasontheground).Thismeansthatthe
initialhorizontalvelocityismoreimportant,resultinginanoptimalanglelessthan45 .Youshouldrealizethat
therangeequationgiveninPartH,
sin()cos()/g,
isnotvalidwhentheinitialheightisnotzero.Youcanalsoverifythat,ifyouchangetheinitialvelocity,the
optimalanglealsochanges!
R = 2v 0
PartJ
Sofarinthistutorial,youhavebeenlaunchingabaseball.Letsseewhathappenstothetrajectoryifyoulaunch
somethingbiggerandheavier,likeaBuickcar.
ComparethetrajectoryandrangeofthebaseballtothatoftheBuickcar,usingthesameinitialspeedandangle
(e.g.,45 ).(Besurethatairresistanceisstillturnedoff.)Whichstatementistrue?
ANSWER:
ThetrajectoriesandthustherangeoftheBuickandthebaseballareidentical.
ThetrajectoriesdiffertherangeoftheBuickisshorterthanthatofthebaseball.
ThetrajectoriesdiffertherangeoftheBuickislongerthanthatofthebaseball.
Correct
Sinceweareignoringairresistance,thetrajectoryoftheobjectdoesnotdependonitsmassorsize.Inthe
nextpart,youwillturnonairresistanceanddiscoverwhatchanges.
PartK
Inthepreviouspart,youdiscoveredthatthetrajectoryofanobjectdoesnotdependontheobjectssizeormass.
Butifyouhaveeverseenaparachutistorafeatherfalling,youknowthisisntreallytrue.Thatisbecausewehave
beenneglectingairresistance,andwewillnowstudyitseffectshere.
SelectAirResistanceforthesimulation.Fireabaseballwithaninitialspeedofroughly20m/s andanangleof
45 .Comparethetrajectorytothecasewithoutairresistance.Howdothetrajectoriesdiffer?
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
13/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Thetrajectorywithairresistancehasashorterrange.
Thetrajectorywithairresistancehasalongerrange.
Thetrajectoriesareidentical.
Correct
Airresistanceisaforceduetotheobjectrammingthroughtheairmolecules,andisalwaysintheopposite
directiontotheobjectsvelocity.Thismeanstheairresistanceforcewillslowtheobjectdown,resultingina
shorterrange(thesimulationassumestheairisstillthereisnostrongtailwind).
PartL
Noticethatyoucanadjustthediameter(andmass)ofanyobject(e.g.,youcanmakeareallybigbaseball).What
happenstothetrajectory(withairresistanceon)whenyouincreasethediameterwhilekeepingthemass
constant?
ANSWER:
Increasingthesizemakestherangeofthetrajectorydecrease.
Thesizeoftheobjectdoesntaffectthetrajectory.
Increasingthesizemakestherangeofthetrajectoryincrease.
Correct
Sincethesurfaceareaincreasesifthediameterincreases,theobjectissweepingthroughmoreair,causing
morecollisions,andagreaterforceofairdrag(infact,ifthediameterisdoubled,foragivenspeed,theforce
ofairdragisincreasedbyafactoroffour).Thisgreaterforceofairdragcausestheobjecttoslowdownmore
quickly,resultinginasloweraveragespeedandashorterrange.
PartM
Youmightthinkthatitisneveragoodapproximationtoignoreairresistance.However,oftenitis.Firethebaseball
withoutairresistance,andthenfireitwithairresistance(sameangleandinitialspeed).Then,adjustthemassof
thebaseball(increaseitanddecreaseit)andseewhathappenstothetrajectory.Dontchangethediameter.
Whendoestherangewithairresistanceapproachtherangewithoutairresistance?
ANSWER:
Therangewithairresistanceapproachestherangewithoutairresistanceasthemassofthebaseballis
decreased.
Itneverdoes.Regardlessofthemass,therangewithairresistanceisalwaysshorterthantherange
without.
Therangewithairresistanceapproachestherangewithoutairresistanceasthemassofthebaseballis
increased.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
14/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Correct
Asthemassisincreased,theforceofgravityonthebaseballbecomeslarger.Theforceduetoairdragjust
dependsonthespeedandthesizeoftheobject,soitdoesntchangeifthemasschanges.Asthemassgets
largeenough,theforceofgravitybecomesmuchlargerthantheairdragforce,andsotheairdragforce
becomesnegligible.Thisresultsinatrajectorynearlythesameaswhenairresistanceisturnedoff.Thus,for
small,denseobjects(likerocksandbowlingballs),airresistanceistypicallyunimportant,butforobjectswith
alowdensity(likefeathers)oraverylargesurfacearea(likeparachutists),airresistanceisveryimportant.
PhETInteractiveSimulations
UniversityofColorado
http://phet.colorado.edu
VideoTutor:BallFiredUpwardfromMovingCart
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofan
experiment.Then,closethevideowindowandanswerthequestionsatright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatany
point.
PartA
Thecrewofacargoplanewishestodropacrateofsuppliesonatargetbelow.Tohitthetarget,whenshouldthe
crewdropthecrate?Ignoreairresistance.
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Whilethecrateisontheplane,itsharestheplane'svelocity.Whatisthecrate'svelocityimmediatelyafter
itisreleased?
Hint2.Whataffectsthemotionofthecrate?
Gravitywillacceleratethecratedownward.What,ifanything,affectsthecrate'shorizontalmotion?(Keepin
mindthatwearetoldtoignoreairresistance,eventhoughthat'snotveryrealisticinthissituation.)
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
15/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Aftertheplanehasflownoverthetarget
Whentheplaneisdirectlyoverthetarget
Beforetheplaneisdirectlyoverthetarget
Correct
Atthemomentitisreleased,thecratesharestheplane'shorizontalvelocity.Intheabsenceofairresistance,
thecratewouldremaindirectlybelowtheplaneasitfell.
VideoTutor:DroppedandThrownBalls
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofan
experiment.Then,closethevideowindowandanswerthequestionsatright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatany
point.
PartA
Whichball(ifeither)hasthegreatestspeedatthemomentofimpact?
Hint1.Howtoapproachthisproblem
Theballsstrikethegroundatthesametimebecausethehorizontalandverticalcomponentsoftheir
velocitiesareindependent,meaningthatthetwoballsfalldownwardatthesamerateeventhoughoneball
isalsomovinghorizontally.
However,thespeedofaballatanypointisthemagnitudeoftheball'sresultant(total)velocity.Howdoes
theball'sresultantvelocityrelatetotheverticalandhorizontalvelocitycomponents?
Ifyouneedto,drawdiagramsshowingthevelocitiesofthetwoballsatthemomentofimpact.Foreach
ball,showtheverticalandhorizontalcomponentsofvelocity(thelatterbeingzeroforthedroppedball),and
showtheresultantvelocity.Whichballismovingfaster?
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
16/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Theballthrownhorizontally
Bothballshavethesamespeed.
Thedroppedball
Correct
Thetwoballshavethesameverticalvelocitywhentheyland,butthethrownballhasanadditionalhorizontal
velocitycomponent.Sincespeedisdefinedasthemagnitudeoftheresultantvelocityvector,thethrownball
ismovingfasterwhenitlands.
ArrowHitsApple
PartA
Findt a ,thetimethatthearrowspendsintheair.
Answernumericallyinseconds,totwosignificantfigures.
Hint1.FindtheinitialupwardcomponentofvelocityintermsofD.
Introducethe(unknown)variablesv y0 andv x0 fortheinitialcomponentsofvelocity.Thenusekinematics
torelatethemandsolvefort a .Whatistheverticalcomponentv y0 oftheinitialvelocity?
Expressyouranswersymbolicallyintermsoft a andD.
Hint1.Findv x0
Findthehorizontalcomponentv x0 oftheinitialvelocity.
Expressyouranswersymbolicallyintermsoft a andgivensymbolicquantities.
ANSWER:
v x0
D
ta
Hint2.Findv y0
Whatistheverticalcomponentv y0 oftheinitialvelocity?
Expressyouranswersymbolicallyintermsofv x0 .
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
17/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
v y0
v x0
ANSWER:
v y0
D
ta
Correct
Hint2.Findthetimeofflightintermsoftheinitialverticalcomponentofvelocity.
Fromthechangeintheverticalcomponentofvelocity,youshouldbeabletofindt a intermsofv y0 andg .
Giveyouranswerintermsofv y0 andg .
Hint1.Findv y (t a )
Whenappliedtotheycomponentofvelocity,inthisproblemtheformulaforv(t) withconstant
accelerationg is
v y (t) = v y0 g t
Whatisv y (t a ) ,theverticalcomponentofvelocitywhenthearrowhitsthetree?
Answersymbolicallyintermsofv y0 only.
ANSWER:
v y (t a )
v y0
ANSWER:
ta
2v y0
g
Allattemptsusedcorrectanswerdisplayed
Hint3.Putthealgebratogethertofindt a symbolically.
IfyouhaveanexpressionfortheinitialverticalvelocitycomponentintermsintermsofDandt a ,and
anotherintermsofg andt a ,youshouldbeabletoeliminatethisinitialcomponenttofindanexpressionfor
t
2
a
Expressyouranswersymbolicallyintermsofgivenvariables.
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
18/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
2
ta
2D
g
Allattemptsusedcorrectanswerdisplayed
ANSWER:
ta
= 6.7 s
Correct
Supposesomeonedropsanapplefromaverticaldistanceof6.0meters,directlyabovethepointwherethearrowhits
thetree.
PartB
Howlongafterthearrowwasshotshouldtheapplebedropped,inorderforthearrowtopiercetheappleasthe
arrowhitsthetree?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinseconds,totwosignificantfigures.
Hint1.Whenshouldtheapplebedropped
Theappleshouldbedroppedatthetimeequaltothetotaltimeittakesthearrowtoreachthetreeminus
thetimeittakestheappletofall6.0meters.
Hint2.Findthetimeittakesfortheappletofall6.0meters
Howlongdoesittakeanappletofall6.0meters?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinseconds,totwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
tf
= 1.1 s
ANSWER:
td
= 5.6 s
Correct
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
19/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
BattleshipShells
Abattleshipsimultaneouslyfirestwoshellstowardtwoidenticalenemyships.OneshellhitsshipA,whichiscloseby,
andtheotherhitsshipB,whichisfartheraway.Thetwoshellsarefiredatthesamespeed.Assumethatairresistance
isnegligibleandthatthemagnitudeoftheaccelerationduetogravityisg .
NotethatafterPartBthequestionsetupchangesslightly.
PartA
Whatshapeisthetrajectory(graphofyvs.x)oftheshells?
ANSWER:
straightline
parabola
hyperbola
Theshapecannotbedetermined.
Correct
PartB
Fortwoshellsfiredatthesamespeedwhichstatementaboutthehorizontaldistancetravelediscorrect?
Hint1.Twothingstoconsider
Thedistancetraveledistheproductofthexcomponentofthevelocityandthetimeintheair.Howdoes
theycomponentofthevelocityaffectthe"airtime"?Whatanglewouldgivethelongestrange?
ANSWER:
Theshellfiredatalargeranglewithrespecttothehorizontallandsfartheraway.
Theshellfiredatanangleclosestto45degreeslandsfartheraway.
Theshellfiredatasmalleranglewithrespecttothehorizontallandsfartheraway.
Thelightershelllandsfartheraway.
Correct
Now,considerfortheremainingpartsofthequestionbelowthatbothshellsarefiredatananglegreaterthan45
degreeswithrespecttothehorizontal.RememberthatenemyshipAiscloserthanenemyshipB.
PartC
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
20/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Whichshellisfiredatthelargerangle?
Hint1.Considerthelimitingcase
Considerthecaseinwhichashellisfiredat90degreesabovethehorizontal(i.e.,straightup).What
distancex willtheshelltravel?Nowlowertheangleatwhichtheshellisfired.Whathappenstothe
distancex ?
ANSWER:
A
B
Bothshellsarefiredatthesameangle.
Correct
PartD
Whichshellislaunchedwithagreaterverticalvelocity,v y ?
ANSWER:
A
B
Bothshellsarelaunchedwiththesameverticalvelocity.
Correct
PartE
Whichshellislaunchedwithagreaterhorizontalvelocity,v x ?
ANSWER:
A
B
Bothshellsarelaunchedwiththesamehorizontalvelocity.
Correct
PartF
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
21/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Whichshellreachesthegreatermaximumheight?
Hint1.Whatdeterminesmaximumheight?
Whatdeterminesthemaximumheightreachedbytheshell?
ANSWER:
horizontalvelocity
verticalvelocity
massoftheshell
ANSWER:
A
B
Bothshellsreachthesamemaximumheight.
Correct
PartG
Whichshellhasthelongesttraveltime(timeelapsedbetweenbeingfiredandhittingtheenemyship)?
Hint1.Considerthelimitingcase
Ifashellisfiredexactlyhorizontally(0degrees)theshellhitsthegroundrightaway.Astheangleabovethe
horizontalincreases,whathappenstothetimeoftravel?Doesthischangeastheanglebecomesgreater
than45degrees?
ANSWER:
A
B
Bothshellshavethesametraveltime.
Correct
PSS4.1ProjectileMotionProblems
LearningGoal:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
22/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
TopracticeProblemSolvingStrategy4.1forprojectilemotionproblems.
Arockthrownwithspeed11.0m/s andlaunchangle30.0 (abovethehorizontal)travelsahorizontaldistanceofd =
17.0mbeforehittingtheground.Fromwhatheightwastherockthrown?Usethevalueg =9.810m/s 2 forthefreefall
acceleration.
PROBLEMSOLVINGSTRATEGY4.1Projectilemotionproblems
MODEL: Makesimplifyingassumptions,suchastreatingtheobjectasaparticle.Isitreasonabletoignoreair
resistance?
VISUALIZE: Useapictorialrepresentation.Establishacoordinatesystemwiththexaxishorizontalandtheyaxis
vertical.Showimportantpointsinthemotiononasketch.Definesymbols,andidentifywhatyouaretryingtofind.
SOLVE: Theaccelerationisknown: a x
anda y
= 0
= g
.Thus,theproblembecomesoneoftwodimensional
kinematics.Thekinematicequationsare
x f = x i + v ix t,
y f = y i + v iy t
1
2
g(t)
.
t isthesameforthehorizontalandverticalcomponentsofthemotion.Find t fromonecomponent,andthenuse
thatvaluefortheothercomponent.
v f x = v ix = constant, and
v f y = v iy gt
ASSESS: Checkthatyourresulthasthecorrectunits,isreasonable,andanswersthequestion.
Model
Startbymakingsimplifyingassumptions:Modeltherockasaparticleinfreefall.Youcanignoreairresistance
becausetherockisarelativelyheavyobjectmovingrelativelyslowly.
Visualize
PartA
Whichdiagramrepresentsanaccuratesketchoftherock'strajectory?
Hint1.Thelaunchangle
Inaprojectile'smotion,theangleoftheinitialvelocityv iabovethehorizontaliscalledthelaunchangle.
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
23/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Correct
PartB
Asstatedinthestrategy,chooseacoordinatesystemwherethexaxisishorizontalandtheyaxisisvertical.
Notethatinthestrategy,theycomponentoftheprojectile'sacceleration,a y ,istakentobenegative.Thisimplies
thatthepositiveyaxisisupward.Usethesameconventionforyouryaxis,andtakethepositivexaxistobeto
theright.
Whereyouchooseyourorigindoesn'tchangetheanswertothequestion,butchoosinganorigincanmakea
problemeasiertosolve(evenifonlyabit).Usuallyitisniceifthemajorityofthequantitiesyouaregivenandthe
quantityyouaretryingtosolvefortakepositivevaluesrelativetoyourchosenorigin.Giventhisgoal,what
locationfortheoriginofthecoordinatesystemwouldmakethisproblemeasiest?
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
24/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
ANSWER:
Atthepointwheretherockisreleased
Atgroundlevelbelowthepointwheretherockislaunched
Atthepointwheretherockstrikestheground
Atgroundlevelbelowthepeakofthetrajectory
Atthepeakofthetrajectory
Correct
It'sbesttoplacetheoriginofthecoordinatesystematgroundlevelbelowthelaunchingpointbecauseinthis
wayallthepointsofinterest(thelaunchingpointandthelandingpoint)willhavepositivecoordinates.(Based
onyourexperience,youknowthatit'sgenerallyeasiertoworkwithpositivecoordinates.)Keepinmind,
however,thatthisisanarbitrarychoice.Thecorrectsolutionoftheproblemwillnotdependonthelocationof
theoriginofyourcoordinatesystem.
Now,definesymbolsrepresentinginitialandfinalposition,velocity,andtime.Yourtargetvariableisyi ,the
initialycoordinateoftherock.Yourpictorialrepresentationshouldbecompletenow,andsimilartothepicture
below:
Solve
PartC
Findtheheightyi fromwhichtherockwaslaunched.
Expressyouranswerinmeterstothreesignificantfigures.
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Thetimetneededtomovehorizontallytothefinalpositionx f =d =17.0misthesametimeneeded
fortherocktorisefromtheinitialpositionyi tothepeakofitstrajectoryandthenfalltotheground.Usethe
informationyouhaveaboutmotioninthehorizontaldirectiontosolvefort.Knowingthistimewillallow
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
25/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
youtousetheequationsofmotionfortheverticaldirectiontosolveforyi .
Hint2.Findthetimespentintheair
Howlong(t)istherockintheair?
Expressyouranswerinsecondstothreesignificantfigures.
Hint1.Determinewhichequationtouse
Whichoftheequationsgiveninthestrategyandshownbelowisthemostappropriatetocalculate
thetimettherockspentintheair?
ANSWER:
xf
= x i + v ix t
= y + v iy t
1
2
g(t)
v f y = v iy gt
Hint2.Findthexcomponentoftheinitialvelocity
Whatisthexcomponentoftherock'sinitialvelocity?
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtothreesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
v ix
= 9.53 m/s
ANSWER:
t
= 1.78 s
Allattemptsusedcorrectanswerdisplayed
Ifyouusetheanswertothishintinasubsequentpartorhint,pleaseuseyourunroundedanswerand
onlyroundasafinalstepbeforesubmittingyouranswer.
Now,usetheequationfortheothercomponentofmotion(verticalcomponent)andfindtheinitialheight
y .Todothat,firstyouwillneedtocalculatetheycomponentoftherock'sinitialvelocity.
i
Hint3.Findtheycomponentoftheinitialvelocity
Whatistheycomponentoftherock'sinitialvelocity?
Expressyouranswerinmeterspersecondtothreesignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
26/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
v iy
= 5.50 m/s
Correct
Ifyouusetheanswertothishintinasubsequentpartorhint,pleaseuseyourunroundedanswerand
onlyroundasafinalstepbeforesubmittingyouranswer.
ANSWER:
yi
= 5.81 m
Allattemptsusedcorrectanswerdisplayed
Assess
PartD
Asecondrockisthrownstraightupwardwithaspeed5.500m/s .Ifthisrocktakes1.785s tofalltotheground,
fromwhatheightH wasitreleased?
Expressyouranswerinmeterstothreesignificantfigures.
Hint1.Identifytheknownvariables
Whatarethevaluesofyf ,v iy ,t,anda forthesecondrock?Takethepositiveyaxistobeupwardand
theorigintobelocatedonthegroundwheretherocklands.
Expressyouranswerstofoursignificantfiguresintheunitsshowntotheright,separatedby
commas.
ANSWER:
y
AnswerRequested
Hint2.Determinewhichequationtousetofindtheheight
WhichequationshouldyouusetofindH ?Keepinmindthatifthepositiveyaxisisupwardandtheorigin
islocatedontheground,yi = H .
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
27/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
y f = y i + v iy t
1
2
g(t)
v f y = v iy gt
v
2
fy
= v
2
iy
2g(y f
yi )
Correct
ANSWER:
H
= 5.81 m
AnswerRequested
Projectilemotionismadeupoftwoindependentmotions:uniformmotionatconstantvelocityinthehorizontal
directionandfreefallmotionintheverticaldirection.Becausebothrockswerethrownwiththesameinitial
verticalvelocity,v iy =5.500m/s ,andfellthesameverticaldistanceof5.81m,theywereintheairforthe
sameamountoftime.ThisresultwasexpectedandhelpstoconfirmthatyoudidthecalculationinPartC
correctly.
DeliveringaPackagebyAir
Areliefairplaneisdeliveringafoodpackagetoagroupof
peoplestrandedonaverysmallisland.Theislandistoo
smallfortheplanetolandon,andtheonlywaytodeliverthe
packageisbydroppingit.Theairplaneflieshorizontallywith
constantspeedof452km/hour atanaltitudeof775m.
Thepositivexandydirectionsaredefinedinthefigure.For
allparts,assumethatthe"island"referstothepointata
distanceDfromthepointatwhichthepackageisreleased,
asshowninthefigure.Ignoretheheightofthispointabove
sealevel.Assumethattheaccelerationduetogravityisg =
9.80m/s 2 .
PartA
Afterapackageisdroppedfromtheplane,howlongwillittakeforittoreachsealevelfromthetimeitisdropped?
Assumethatthepackage,liketheplane,hasaninitialvelocityof452km/hour inthehorizontaldirection.
Expressyouranswernumericallyinseconds.Neglectairresistance.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
28/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Hint1.Knownsandunknowns:whataretheinitialconditions?
Taketheoriginofthecoordinatesystemtobeatthepointonthesurfaceofthewaterdirectlybelowthe
pointatwhichthepackageisreleased.Thedirectionsoftheaxesareshowninthefigureintheproblem
introduction.Inthiscoordinatesystem,whatarethevaluesofx 0 ,y0 ,v 0x ,v 0y ofthepackage?
Expressyouranswersnumericallyandenterthem,separatedbycommas,intheorderx 0 ,y0 ,v 0x ,
v 0y .Useunitsofmetersandkm/hourfordistancesandspeeds,respectively.
Hint1.Initialvelocityintheydirection
Becausethepackageisdroppedhorizontally,theverticalcomponentofitsinitialvelocityiszero.
ANSWER:
x0
Hint2.Whataretheknownsandunknownswhenthepackagehitstheground?
Taketheoriginofthecoordinatesystemtobeatthepointonthesurfaceofthewaterdirectlybelowthe
pointatwhichthepackageisreleased.Thedirectionsoftheaxesareshowninthefigureintheproblem
introduction.Lett g bethetimewhenthepackagehitstheground.Inthiscoordinatesystem,v x (t g ) =452
km/hour sincethereisnoaccelerationinthexdirection.Whichofthefollowingvaluesis/areknown?
Checkallthatapply.
ANSWER:
x(t g )
y(t g )
v y (t g )
Hint3.Findthebestequationtouse
Whichoftheequationsbelowcouldyouusetofindthetimet g whenthepackethitstheground?
Hint1.Howtodeterminewhichequationtouse
Onlyoneofthequantitiesx(t g ) ,y(t g ) ,v y (t g )isknown.Whichone?Youhavetousethe
equationthatcontainsthisvariable.
ANSWER:
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
29/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
x = x 0 + v 0x t
v y = v 0y gt
y = y 0 + v 0y t
1
2
gt
ANSWER:
t
= 12.6 s
Correct
PartB
Ifthepackageistolandrightontheisland,atwhathorizontaldistanceDfromtheplanetotheislandshouldthe
packagebereleased?
Expressthedistancenumericallyinmeters.
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
YouareaskedtofindD,whichisalsothechangeinthexcoordinateofthepackageoverthetimespentin
theair.YoushouldhavecalculatedthistimeintervalinPartA.UseittofindD.
Hint2.Theequationforx(t)
Sincethereisnoaccelerationinthehorizontaldirection,theequationforx(t)is
x(t) = x 0 + v 0x t
ANSWER:
D
= 1580 m
Correct
PartC
Whatisthespeedv f ofthepackagewhenithitstheground?
Expressyouranswernumericallyinmeterspersecond.
Hint1.Howtoapproachtheproblem
Thespeedisthemagnitudeofthevelocity,i.e., v 2x
+ vy
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
.Youalreadyknowthatv x
452km/hour ,
30/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
soyouneedtofindv y .Remembertobeconsistentinyourusageofunitswhencalculatingyouranswer.
Hint2.Theequationforthevelocityintheydirection
Theequationforthevelocityintheydirectionv y (t)is
.
Ifyouhavecompletedtheearlierparts,youshouldknowallthequantitiesontherightside.
v y (t) = v 0y + a y t
ANSWER:
vf
= 176 m/s
AnswerRequested
PartD
Thespeedatwhichthepackagehitsthegroundisreallyfast!Ifapackagehitsthegroundatsuchaspeed,itcan
becrushedandalsocausesomeseriousdamageontheground.Whichofthefollowingwouldhelpdecreasethe
speedwithwhichthepackagehitstheground?
ANSWER:
Increasetheplane'sspeedandheight
Decreasetheplane'sspeedandheight
Correct
Thisiswhyitwouldbeniceforrescueteamstohavehybridairplanehelicopters.Ofcourse,thentheycan
justairliftthestrandedgroup.
VideoTutor:RangeofaGunatTwoFiringAngles
First,launchthevideobelow.Youwillbeaskedtouseyourknowledgeofphysicstopredicttheoutcomeofan
experiment.Then,closethevideowindowandanswerthequestionsatright.Youcanwatchthevideoagainatany
point.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
31/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
PartA
Whichprojectilespendsmoretimeintheair,theonefiredfrom30 ortheonefiredfrom60 ?
Hint1.Howtoapproachthisproblem
Whichcomponentoftheinitialvelocityvectoraffectsthetimetheprojectilespendsintheair?
ANSWER:
Theonefiredfrom60
Theybothspendthesameamountoftimeintheair.
Theonefiredfrom30
Correct
Theprojectilefiredfrom60 hasagreaterverticalvelocitythantheonefiredfrom30 ,soitspendsmore
timeintheair.
CrossingaRiver
Aswimmerwantstocrossariver,frompointAtopointB,asshowninthefigure.Thedistanced 1 (fromAtoC)is200
m,thedistance d 2 (fromCtoB)is150 m,andthespeed v r ofthecurrentintheriveris5 km/hour .Supposethat
theswimmer'svelocityrelativetothewatermakesanangleof = 45 degreeswiththelinefromAtoC,asindicated
inthefigure.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
32/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
PartA
ToswimdirectlyfromAtoB,whatspeedu s ,relativetothewater,shouldtheswimmerhave?
Expresstheswimmer'sspeednumerically,tothreesignificantfigures,inkilometersperhour.
Hint1.Usethemotionintheydirection
Supposeittakestheswimmertimet tocrosstheriverandarriveatB.Findanexpressionfort by
consideringonlyv y (theycomponentoftheswimmer'smotionwithrespecttotheshore).
Answerintermsofd 1 ,u s ,and .
Hint1.Theycomponentofthevelocityrelativetotheshore
Theycomponent(seethefigureintheproblemintroduction)oftheswimmer'svelocityrelativetothe
shoreis
.
v y = u s cos()
ANSWER:
d1
us
d1
u s cos()
d1
u s sin()
d1
vr
Correct
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
33/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Hint2.Usethemotioninthexdirection
Nowfindanexpressionfort byconsideringonlythexcomponentoftheswimmer'smotion.
Expressyouranswerintermsofd 2 ,u s ,v r ,and .
Hint1.Thexcomponentofthevelocityrelativetotheshore
Thexcomponent(seethefigureintheproblemintroduction)oftheswimmer'svelocityrelativetothe
shoreis
.
v x = v r u s sin()
ANSWER:
d2
v r u s sin()
d2
v r +u s sin()
d2
v r u s
d2
v r +u s
Correct
Notethatthisisthesametimethatyoufoundwhenyouconsideredonlythemotionintheydirection,
eventhoughtheexpressionsaredifferent.Ifyousetbothexpressionsequaltoeachother,youcan
solveforu s .
Hint3.Solveforus
Findasymbolicexpressionforu s .Ifyouusedtheprevioushints,solveforu s byeliminatingt fromthe
twoequationsyouderived.
Expressyouranswerintermsofv r ,d 1 ,d 2 ,and .
ANSWER:
us
d 1 vr
d 1 sin()+d 2 cos()
AnswerRequested
ANSWER:
us
= 4.04 km/hour
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
34/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Correct
Anotherwaytodothisproblemistoaddtheswimmer'sandtheriver'svelocitiesvectorially,andsettheangle
thattheresultantvectormakeswithACortheriverbankequaltothatwhichABmakeswiththesame.
Problem4.27
Theradiusoftheearth'sverynearlycircularorbitaroundthesunis1.5 10 11 m .
PartA
Findthemagnitudeoftheearth'svelocity.Assumeayearof365days.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
v
= 3.0104
m
s
Allattemptsusedcorrectanswerdisplayed
PartB
Findthemagnitudeoftheearth'sangularvelocity.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
= 2.0107
rad
s
AnswerRequested
PartC
Findthemagnitudeoftheearth'scentripetalaccelerationasittravelsaroundthesun.
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
ar
m
= 6.0103
s2
AnswerRequested
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
35/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Problem4.9
Arocketpoweredhockeypuckmovesonahorizontalfrictionlesstable.Thefigurebelowshowsthegraphsofv x and
v y ,thexandycomponentsofthepucksvelocity.Thepuckstartsattheorigin.
PartA
Inwhichdirectionisthepuckmovingatt =3s ?Giveyouranswerasananglefromthexaxis.
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
= 51 abovethexaxis
AnswerRequested
PartB
Howfarfromtheoriginisthepuckat5s ?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
s
= 180cm
AnswerRequested
Problem4.11
AphysicsstudentonPlanetExidorthrowsaball,anditfollowstheparabolictrajectoryshowninthefigure.Theball's
positionisshownat1 s intervalsuntilt =
3 s
.Att =
1 s
,theball'svelocityisv = (2.0^i
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
^
+ 2.0 j ) m/s
.
36/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
PartA
Determinetheball'svelocityatt =
0 s
ANSWER:
^
2.0 i m/s
^
^
(2.0 i + 4.0 j ) m/s
^
^
(2.0 i + 2.0 j ) m/s
^
^
(2.0 i 2.0 j ) m/s
Correct
PartB
Determinetheball'svelocityatt =
2 s
ANSWER:
^
2.0 i m/s
^
^
(2.0 i + 4.0 j ) m/s
^
^
(2.0 i + 2.0 j ) m/s
^
^
(2.0 i 2.0 j ) m/s
Correct
PartC
t = 3 s
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
37/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Determinetheball'svelocityatt =
3 s
ANSWER:
^
2.00 i m/s
^
^
(2.00 i + 4.00 j ) m/s
^
^
(2.00 i + 2.00 j ) m/s
^
^
(2.00 i 2.00 j ) m/s
Correct
PartD
Whatisthevalueofg onPlanetExidor?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
2.00
m
s2
Correct
PartE
Whatwastheball'slaunchangle?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
63.4
Correct
Problem4.13
Arifleisaimedhorizontallyatatarget50.0maway.Thebullethitsthetarget2.90cmbelowtheaimpoint.
PartA
Whatwasthebullet'sflighttime?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
38/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
ANSWER:
7.69102s
Correct
PartB
Whatwasthebullet'sspeedasitleftthebarrel?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
650
m
s
Correct
Problem4.15
Aboattakes2.90hours totravel30.0km downariver,then6.30hours toreturn.
PartA
Howfastistheriverflowing?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
2.79
km
h
Correct
Problem4.20
Thefigureshowstheangularvelocityversustimegraphforaparticlemovinginacircle.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
39/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
PartA
Howmanyrevolutionsdoestheobjectmakeduringthefirst3.4s ?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
n
= 8.6
Correct
Problem4.22
Anoldfashionedsingleplayvinylrecordrotatesonaturntableat45.0rpm.Whatare(a)theangularvelocityinrad/s
and(b)theperiodofthemotion?
PartA
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
4.71
rad
s
Correct
PartB
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
40/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
ANSWER:
1.33s
Correct
Problem4.32
A4.8mdiametermerrygoroundisinitiallyturningwitha3.8s period.Itslowsdownandstopsin23s .
PartA
Beforeslowing,whatisthespeedofachildontherim?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
v
m
= 4.0 s
Correct
PartB
Howmanyrevolutionsdoesthemerrygoroundmakeasitstops?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
= 3.0 rev
AnswerRequested
Problem4.48
You're6.0mfromonewallofahouse.Youwanttotossaballtoyourfriendwhois6.0mfromtheoppositewall.The
throwandcatcheachoccur1.0mabovetheground.Assumetheoverhangoftheroofisnegligible,sothatyoumay
assumetheedgeoftheroofis6.0mfromyouand6.0mfromyourfriend.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
41/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
PartA
Whatminimumspeedwillallowtheballtocleartheroof?
ANSWER:
13 m/s
AnswerRequested
PartB
Atwhatangleshouldyoutosstheball?
ANSWER:
48 tothehorizontal.
Allattemptsusedcorrectanswerdisplayed
Problem4.59
Astronautsuseacentrifugetosimulatetheaccelerationofarocketlaunch.Thecentrifugetakes40.0s tospeedup
fromresttoitstopspeedof1rotationevery1.50s .Theastronautisstrappedintoaseat4.20mfromtheaxis.
PartA
Whatistheastronaut'stangentialaccelerationduringthefirst40.0s ?
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
0.440
m
s2
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
42/43
5/6/2016
Ch04HW
Correct
PartB
Howmanyg'sofaccelerationdoestheastronautexperiencewhenthedeviceisrotatingattopspeed?Each9.80
2
m/s ofaccelerationis1g.
Expressyouranswerwiththeappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
7.52g
Correct
ScoreSummary:
Yourscoreonthisassignmentis69.1%.
Youreceived67.46outofapossibletotalof108points,plus7.17pointsofextracredit.
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057470
43/43