Disorder

Mood
disorder

Anxiety
disorder

Neurotransmitter
Biogenic amine
imbalance
NE : mood, arousal,
appetite, reward
Dopamine :
pleasure, sex, and
psychomotor
Serotonin :
aggression, sleep,
and appetite
Serotonin
NE
GABA

Somatoform

Serotonin

Schizophrenia

Dopamine, NE, EPI

Dimentia
alzheimer
Parkinson

Glutamate
Ach
Dopamin
Ach
Serotonin

Sign
Depressive : often complain of difficulties with concentrating, learning, and remembering.
Manic : rapidly paced thinking and speech, quick self-generated or other-generated s
timuli, grandiosity, increased distractibility

Panic disorder : heart racing or pounding, chest pain, choking, dizziness, trembling or
shaking, feeling faint lightheaded, sweating, and nausea
Social phobia : fear of being humiliated in front of others
OCD : characterized by repetitive and intrus ive or images that are unwelcome
(obsessions) or behaviors that the person feels compelled to do (compulsions)
Post traumatic stress disorder : after the occurrence of traumatic events believe in
danger. Increase aurosal, avoidance
Acute stress disorder : < 1 month
GAD : worry is as sociated with such as concentration problems, insomnia, muscle
irritability, and physical res tles sness , and causes significant dis tress or impairment.
Somatization disorder : multiple unexplained medical symptoms in diverse organ
Undifferentiated somatoform disorder : pervasive and longlasting as those of
somatization disorder
Conversion disorder : unexplained voluntary motor or sensory deficits
Pain disorder : impairing or pain that is the primary focus of attention
Hypochondriasis : belief having a serious illness, misinterpretation of physical symptoms
Body dismorphic disorder : distressing with an imagined or slight defect
Gejala positif : halusinasi, delusi, gangguan pikiran, gangguan gerakan
Gejala negatif : afek datar, kurang senang dengan hidup sehari-hari, kurang mampu untuk
mempertahankan aktivitas, sedikit bicara, kurang merawat diri, kurang motivasi,
penarikan diir dari sosial

an expressionless face, poverty and slowness of voluntary movement, "resting" tremor,

stooped posture, axial instability, rigidity, and festinating gait. reduction in movements of
the small facial muscles imparts the characteristic expressionless "masked" appearance
(hypomimia). When seated, makes "pill-rolling" tremor of the thumb and fingers

Treatment
Anti depressant
SSRI : fluoxetine, sertraline (selctive blockers of serotonin reuptake
Serotonin NA reuptake inhibitor : duloxentine, venlafaxine
Atipical : bupropion, reboxetine, mirtazapine (act by various MAO)
Trisiklik antidepresan : amitriptiline, imipramine (non spesific blockers of
MAO uptake)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors : phelezine, tranylcypromine (non
competitive, non selective, irreversible blockers of MAO)
Reversible inhibitors of MAO : moclobemide
Mood stabilizer : carbamazepine, lithium, valproic acid
Antixiolytcs : benzodiazepine, clonazepam and alprazolam (anxiety), buspirone
(for GAD)
SSRI (selective serotonine reuptake inhibiors) exp : fluoxetine, sertraline (for OCD,
panic attack, social
phobia)
CBT

CBT

Antipsikotik
APG I/ Tipikal memblok reseptor D2, khususnya pada pathway mesolimbic
pada dopamin. Namun dapat memblok di pathway lain juga, SE : tardive
dyskinesia. Exp : haloperidol, flupentixol, chloropromazine
APG II/ Atipikal dapat memblok reseptor D2 serotonin. Exp : risperidone
Cholineserase inhibitor
Dopaminergic : levo dopa
SSRI