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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 33, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1997

Design Considerations for an Inverter Output

Filter to Mitigate the Effects of Long
Motor Leads in ASD Applications
Annette von Jouanne, Member, IEEE, and Prasad N. Enjeti, Senior Member, IEEE

Abstract Design considerations for an inverter output filter

to mitigate the effects of long motor leads in adjustable-speed
drive (ASD) applications are presented. It is shown by analysis
that, for a given length of cable, reducing the dv=dt of the
pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverter output voltage applied
to the cable below a critical value will eliminate overvoltages
due to voltage reflections. Design issues for a low-pass filter at
the inverter output terminals to reduce the dv=dt of the inverter
output pulse are examined in detail. The filter operation is verified
for the entire variable frequency range of the inverter. The
performance of the filter is evaluated through simulations and
experimentally on a 460-V commercially available ac motor drive
[PWM insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)]. The proposed
inverter output filter is then compared with a motor terminal
shunt filter also designed to reduce overvoltages and ringing at
the motor terminals.
Index TermsASD, drives, overvoltage.

I. INTRODUCTION

ECENT advancements in power electronic switching

devices have enabled high-frequency switching operation
and has improved the performance of pulsewidth modulated
(PWM) inverters in adjustable-speed drives (ASDs). In a
typical application, a rectifier and a high-frequency PWM
inverter (Fig. 1) control both the voltage and frequency applied
to the motor and, thereby, achieve variable-speed operation
over a wide operating range. Variable-speed operation of fans,
pumps, compressors, etc., results in significant energy savings
and, as a result, PWM-inverter-controlled induction motor
drive applications are on the rise.
High switching frequencies (220 kHz) are common with
the present-day insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) technology for power levels over 500 kW. While the high switching speeds and advanced PWM schemes significantly improve
the performance of the PWM-inverter-fed induction motors,
the high rate of voltage rise (
) of 0650 V in less than
0.1 s has adverse effects on the motor insulation [1][5].
Paper IPCSD 9726, presented at the 1996 IEEE Applied Power Electronics
Conference and Exposition, San Jose, CA, March 37, and approved for
publication in the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS by the
Industrial Drives Committee of the IEEE Industry Applications Society.
Manuscript released for publication April 30, 1997.
A. von Jouanne is with the Power Electronics Laboratory, Department of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
97331-3211 USA.
P. Enjeti is with the Power Electronics Laboratory, Department of Electrical
Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3128 USA.
Publisher Item Identifier S 0093-9994(97)06559-6.

These steep rising and falling pulses lead to an uneven

distribution of voltages within the motor, especially during
switching transitions. This contributes to insulation deterioration and subsequent failure of the motor. In addition, the
contributes to damaging bearing currents and electromagnetic
interference (EMI) [5], [6].
If a long cable is employed between the inverter and the
motor, damped high frequency ringing at the motor terminals occurs resulting in excessive overvoltage which further
stresses the motor insulation [3]. Also, the motor impedance,
which is dominated by the winding inductance, presents an
effective open circuit at high frequencies at the end of the
long cable. This produces a reflected voltage at the end of the
cable approximately equal in magnitude and with the same
sign, resulting in twice the magnitude of the incident voltage
at the motor terminals.
There are two primary means of reducing the motor insulation stresses due to motor terminal over-voltages: 1) filtering
techniques, as will be discussed in this paper, and 2) increasing
the insulation strength of the magnet wire to withstand a
high
[4]. A specially designed shunt filter installed at
the motor terminals has been shown to effectively dampen
the voltage overshoot [3]. However, in many applications,
the motor terminals may not be accessible, as in drives for
submersible pumps, where it may be more convenient to install
a filter at the inverter terminals.
In response to these concerns, this paper examines the
design aspects of an inverter output filter. The primary role
of the inverter output filter is to reduce the
of the
inverter output pulses below a determined critical value, such
that overvoltages do not occur at the motor terminals. The
filter size, cost, weight, and losses are optimized. The filter
operation for the entire
range of the inverter is verified
through simulations and experimental results. The proposed
inverter output filter is then compared to a shunt filter installed
at the motor terminals.

II. VOLTAGE REFLECTION ANALYSIS

On long cables, PWM pulses traveling between the inverter
and the motor behave like traveling waves on transmission
lines. Forward-traveling waves, or PWM pulses, travel from
the inverter to the motor, while backward-traveling waves
move toward the inverter due to voltage reflection (Fig. 2).

00939994/97$10.00 1997 IEEE

VON JOUANNE AND ENJETI: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN INVERTER OUTPUT FILTER

1139

Fig. 1. PWM inverter driving an induction motor with proposed inverter output filter.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
Fig. 2. Repeated reflection steps.

A. Voltage Reflection Process

To better understand the repeated reflections on a finite
, one reflection of an incident
length of cable with infinite
wave will be considered.
Fig. 2(a) shows the equivalent circuit of a PWM inverter at
the sending end of the line. The motor terminal is treated as an
open circuit, due to the large impedance at high frequencies.
Fig. 2(b) shows the incident wave traveling to the right after
the switch is turned on. The voltage wave traveling to the right
is accompanied by the current wave of the same shape but
different amplitude. Fig. 2(c) shows the incident wave being
reflected on arrival at the receiving end of the line. The current
at the open line must equal zero at any time (open circuit),
therefore, the reflected current will have the same amplitude,
but with opposite sign. The incident voltage will be reflected
as a positive voltage traveling to the left toward the sending
end (dashed line). The reflected wave plus the incident wave
will cause the voltage to double at the terminal of the motor
(solid line).
Upon the arrival of this reflected wave at the sending end,
. However, at the sending end, the
the line is charged to
inverter output voltage is , hence, a traveling wave of voltage
, or a negative reflection, will travel from the inverter
toward the motor [Fig. 2(d)]. The traveling voltage wave must
be accompanied by a current wave and, since it moves with

positive velocity, the current will be of the same sign as the

voltage, or
.
This second incident wave soon reaches the receiving end
[Fig. 2(e)] and is again reflected. The second incident current
has negative value and, since the current at the open terminal
must equal zero, the second reflected current will have a
positive value of . This positive current moving to the left
must be accompanied by a negative voltage. The behavior
of the wave does not need to be traced further, for the third
incident wave is identical to the first incident wave; a cycle
of operation has been completed.
The reflection mechanism can be viewed as a mirror that
produces a reflected wave V , which is a replica of V that is
flipped around, such that all points on the V waveform are
the corresponding points of the V waveform multiplied by
the voltage reflection coefficient.The load and source reflection
coefficients
and , respectively, can be expressed as
(1)
is the load resistance and
is the characteristic
where
impedance (or surge impedance) given by
(2)

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 33, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1997

where
and
are cable parameters (see Appendix A).
Then, the source voltage reflection coefficient is defined as
(3)
is the source resistance. At the inverter, the reflected
where
forward-traveling wave has the same shape as the incoming
backward-traveling wave, but with corresponding points reduced by . Due to the dominating winding inductance, the
characteristic impedance of the motor can be 10100 times
that of the characteristic impedance of the cable connecting
the drive to the motor. Therefore, the incident wave voltage
will be reflected back toward the inverter as a function of the
load reflection coefficient (1), and the voltage amplitude at the
terminals of the motor will approximately double.
B. Effect of PWM Rise Time
In this section, the effect of inverter pulse rise time will be
considered. From wave propagation theory and voltage reflection analysis, the peak voltage magnitude due to reflections at
the terminals of the motor can be determined. The time (
in s) for the inverter output pulse to travel from the inverter
terminals to the motor terminals can be expressed as
(4)
where

pulse travels the length of the cable three times, as will be

described next.
The backward-traveling wave will be reflected at the inverter terminals in the same manner, however, now as a
function of the reflection coefficient of the inverter, or source,
. From (3), it can be seen that, for a typical low impedance
source,
will approach
and, therefore, the resulting
reflected wave traveling back toward the motor will be negative in amplitude. Thus, after the PWM pulse has traveled
the length of the cable three times, the increasing motor
terminal voltage will be reduced by this negative reflected
wave. Therefore, the peak voltage (
), for
,
can be found by determining the total voltage due to reflections at the terminals of the motor after the pulse has
traveled the length of the cable three times and adding this
to the incident wave voltage magnitude
, as shown in (8)
and (9):
for

(8)

for

(9)

The normalized peak motor terminal voltage for longer pulse

, can be written as a function of rise
rise times, i.e.,
time as

is the pulse velocity and is given by [7]

(10)
(5)

Therefore,

where

(11)

cable length;
cable inductance per unit length;
capacitance per unit length;
time for pulse to travel the length of the cable once.
After time , the forward-traveling inverter output pulse
will be reflected at the motor terminals, and the resulting
backward-traveling wave, moving toward the inverter, will
have an amplitude of
for

(6)

and
for

(7)

where
dc-bus voltage;
reflection coefficient at the load (typically 0.9 for
motors less than 20 hp);
inverter output pulse rise time (typically 0.1 s for
IGBTs).
Notice that when
, the rise time
is no longer a
parameter in the reflected voltage in (7), and the peak motor
terminal voltage will be reached after the pulse travels the
length of the cable once. Cable lengths of 15 m (50 ft) or
less will typically result in
and, therefore, (6) would
apply. For cable lengths of 5 m (16.5 ft) or less,
and, therefore, the PWM pulse will still be rising while the

for minimum or no overvoltage to occur.

The critical rise time can then be computed by substituting
the maximum desired voltage overshoot as shown below.
Set

(12)
(13)

i.e., for a 480-V ac system with 648-V dc bus, the allowable

peak voltage would be
V
V. For the cable
parameters given in Appendix A,
m/ s (527 ft/ s)
is obtained and the critical rise time ( ) for 30 m (100 ft) of
cable and
would be 2.5 s. Therefore, a rise time of
less than 2.5 s (higher
) will result in an overvoltage
at the terminals of the motor greater than 20%.
Fig. 3 shows the computed motor terminal voltages (10) due
to reflections for 15 m (50 ft), 30 m (100 ft), and 60 m (200 ft)
of cable, for 480-V input systems (648-V dc bus), and
reflection coefficients of 0.9.
Table I shows the minimum cable length and rise
time after which virtual voltage doubling occurs at the
terminals of the motor. Note that the critical cable length
becomes shorter with faster inverter output pulse rise
times. While NEMA Standard MG1, Part 31 [8] specifies
that stator-winding insulation systems for definite purpose
inverter-fed motors should be designed to operate under

VON JOUANNE AND ENJETI: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN INVERTER OUTPUT FILTER

1141

Fig. 3. Normalized motor voltage versus rise time.

TABLE I
MINIMUM CABLE LENGTH AFTER WHICH VIRTUAL VOLTAGE
DOUBLING OCCURS AT MOTOR TERMINALS

Fig. 4. Inverter output low-pass filter.

1600 V, motor manufacturers report that at typical

IGBT rise times of 0.1 s, voltages 1000 V can exceed the
dielectric withstand capability of standard motors resulting in
failures [4].

function

which defines the behavior of the network is

(14)
III. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR INVERTER OUTPUT FILTER
Fig. 3 shows that slowing down the rise time of the PWM
inverter output voltage applied to the cable to a critical
value will significantly reduce overvoltages due to reflections.
Thus, a low-pass filter, as shown in Fig. 4, placed at the
output terminals of the inverter can be specially designed to
slow down the inverter output pulse rise time and, therefore,
significantly reduce the overvoltage and ringing at the motor
terminals. From Fig. 3 and (10), the critical rise times ( )
corresponding to a 20% overvoltage for a given cable length
can be found to be approximately 1.5 s for 15 m (50 ft),
2.5 s for 30 m (100 ft), and 3.5 s for 60 m (200 ft) of
cable.
There are several low-pass polynomial filter configurations
with different shapes of amplitude-versus-frequency responses.
The topology in Fig. 4 was chosen since the series capacitor
and resistor combination reduces the
power losses
across the damping resistor. The lower order (second-order)
filter is desirable from the standpoint of the number of components, filter size, cost, and weight. In addition, the second-order
filter is found to yield the necessary stopband attenuation
characteristics and the maximum ripple values in the passband
[9]. Since a flat passband response is appropriate, as is
exhibited in Butterworth filters, the selected attenuation is 3 dB
at the cutoff frequency
. From Fig. 4, the transfer

where the effective attenuation in decibels is

(15)
is designed for the filter component
The filter resistor
values to result in an overdamped circuit (16). In addition,
since the filter capacitor
will represent a short circuit
at high frequencies,
is set equal to the characteristic
impedance of the cable given in (2) to absorb the reflected
energy. Therefore,

(16)
Thus, for 3-dB attenuation at a specified cutoff frequency, ,
(14)(16) can be solved for appropriate values of
and
.
The design procedure for an inverter output filter to slow down
the rise time to the specified critical value for 30 m (100 ft)
of cable with be illustrated here.
First, the cutoff frequency ( ) should be determined. For
30 m (100 ft) of cable, the critical rise time
is found to be
approximately 2.5 s for a motor terminal overvoltage of 20%
(Fig. 3). According to the Fourier series, the highest frequency
component will determine the sharpness of a near square-wave

1142

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 33, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1997

Fig. 5. Inverter output pulse and motor terminal

Fig. 6. Inverter output pulse and motor terminal

LL voltage without filter for 460-V 5-kVA 2-kHz ASD with 100-ft cable.

LL voltage with proposed inverter output filter for a 460-V 5-kVA 2-kHz ASD with 100 ft of cable.

pulse. Thus, the period

of the highest frequency component
in the PWM inverter output pulse should be twice the critical
rise time, or
(17)
and
(18)
200
Thus, for 30 m (100 ft) of cable, the cutoff frequency
kHz. From (2) and the cable characteristics given in Appendix
A,
is set to the characteristic impedance , or

pu

(19)

Solving (14)(16) with an attenuation of 3 dB at the cutoff

frequency
yields
mH (0.017 pu)
F (0.000 12 pu)

(20)
(21)

where
1 pu voltage (line-to-neutral)
120 V;
1 pu kVA (three-phase)
10 kVA;
27.78 A;
1 pu current
1 pu impedance
4.32 ;
1 pu frequency
60 Hz;
1 pu inductance
11.45 mH;
1 pu capacitance
614.0 F.
The designed filter effectiveness is demonstrated through
simulation using PSpice for a 460-V 5-kVA 2-kHz ASD with
30 m (100 ft) of cable. Lumped circuit parameters are used to
represent the cable. Fig. 5 shows the inverter output pulse and
the motor terminal line-to-line voltage without a filter applied.
Note the very fast rise time for both waveforms and the motor
terminal overvoltage. Fig. 6 demonstrates the effectiveness of
the proposed inverter output filter to reduce the motor terminal
overvoltage and to slow down the rise time to approximately
2.5 s. The designed inverter output filter is demonstrated
experimentally in Section V, and the losses are given in Table
II. The long lead cable specifications are given in Table III.

VON JOUANNE AND ENJETI: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN INVERTER OUTPUT FILTER

Fig. 7. Equivalent circuit with

RC

1143

filter termination.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
Fig. 8. Repeated wave reflections with

RC

motor terminal filter where

TABLE II
LONG LEAD FILTER SCHEMES FOR UP TO 30 m (100 ft) OF THHN
14 AWG CABLE, WHERE Zoc
190
, fs = 2 kHz

R = Z0 .
The incident current and incident voltage will charge the
inductances and the capacitances one by one, starting from
the source (Fig. 8). The current and voltage in the incident
wave are related by [7]
(22)
and in the reflected wave by
(23)

LONG

TABLE III
LEAD CABLE SPECIFICATIONS

The total voltage across the

through the filter is , where

filter is

and the current

(24)

and
(25)
IV. COMPARISON OF FIRST-ORDER MOTOR TERMINAL FILTER
The motor terminal overvoltage can also be significantly reduced if the cable is terminated with the cable surge impedance
[3]. In this section, the reflected wave equations due to a
series
filter termination are presented. For more complete
derivations, see [5].
Fig. 7 shows an equivalent circuit of the cable represented
by small but finite lumps of inductances and capacitances.

, the capacitor voltage is zero, since the

Initially, at time
voltage across the capacitor cannot change instantaneously.
, the incident voltage encounters only a
Thus, at time
resistive component and the reflected voltage
is given by
(26)
Using (26) as a boundary condition and assuming the shape
of the first incident voltage of
is known to be
,

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 33, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1997

the equation for the reflected voltage

found to be [5]

can be derived and

(27)
Then, the solution for the total voltage across the
nation (or motor terminals) is

termi-

(28)
Motor Terminal Filter

A. Design of

The main principle in determining the appropriate values

of
and
for the motor terminal filter is that the first
reflected wave will result in a leading front magnitude of zero
(Fig. 8). Using (26), this condition is fulfilled if
. The
next step is to determine the value of , such that when the
second incident wave arrives at the motor terminals, after
,
the magnitude of
is less than
, or 20% overvoltage.
Therefore, using (27),

(a)

(29)
Solving (29) for

results in
(30)
(b)

Simplifying (30) using (2) results in

(31)
For a cable length of 30 m (100 ft) and with the cable
parameters given in Appendix A (
), the critical
capacitance value is found to be
6.722 nF. A higher
value of can be used and will further reduce the peak voltage
across the motor terminals. The effectiveness of this scheme
is demonstrated experimentally in Section V.
V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Fig. 9 presents the experimental results from a 460-V 5-kVA
2-kHz PWM ASD supplying a 5-hp motor via 30 m (100 ft) of
cable. The cable leads were strung out along a long hallway to
prevent additional coupling. Fig. 9(a) shows the leading edge
voltage of the inverter output pulse [1], the motor terminal
with no filter [2], and the motor terminal with the designed
inverter output filter [3]. The inverter output low-pass filter
operates to reduce the
(slow down the rise time to
2.5 s) and, thus, decrease the overvoltage due to reflections at
the terminals of the motor. Fig. 9 (b) shows the leading edge
voltage of the inverter output pulse [1], the motor terminal with
no filter [2], and the motor terminal with the designed motor
terminal filter [3]. Comparing Fig. 9(a) and (b), it can be seen
that both long lead filters effectively reduce the overvoltage
at the terminals of the motor, however, the losses are slightly
greater with the inverter output filter, as shown in Table II.
Notice the different time scales used for Fig. 9(a) and (b) in

Fig. 9. 5-hp 460-V 2-kHz ASD with 30-m (100-ft) cable: [1] leading edge
voltage of inverter output; [2] motor terminal without filter; [3] motor terminal
with (a) inverter output filter, (b) motor terminal filter.

order to fully illustrate the motor terminal overvoltage before

and after the filters are applied.
VI. CONCLUSION
In this paper, an inverter output filter has been proposed
to reduce motor terminal overvoltages resulting from the
application of ASDs to ac motors when long cable lengths
are necessary. It has been shown by analysis that, for a given
length of cable, decreasing the
of the PWM inverter
output voltage below a critical value will significantly reduce
overvoltages due to high-frequency transmission line effects.
Design issues for an inverter output low-pass filter have been
presented, in addition to detailed analyses of the voltage
reflection process. The performance of the proposed filter has
been evaluated through simulations and experimentally for
a 460-V PWM IGBT ac motor drive system. The proposed
inverter output filter was then compared with a motor terminal
shunt filter also designed to reduce overvoltages and ringing
at the motor terminals.
APPENDIX A
LONG LEAD CABLE COMMONLY USED FOR
PWM-INVERTER-FED AC MOTOR DRIVES
Type: THHN-THWN, 14 AWG, 600 V, Gasoline and Oil
Resistant.

VON JOUANNE AND ENJETI: DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR AN INVERTER OUTPUT FILTER

Conductors: Bare, soft annealed copper per ASTM B-3,

unilay concentric, compressed stranded (class C) ASTM B-3
or ASTM B-8 and UL-83.
Insulation: High dielectric polyvinyl chloride (PVC) UL-83
and UL-1063.
Overall Jacket: Nylon, UL-83, and UL-1063.
Impedance Per Foot:
0.01 nF/ft,
0.36 H/ft,
6.0 m /ft.
APPENDIX B
PWM INVERTERS EMPLOYED IN THE EXPERIMENTAL
PORTION OF THIS STUDY
Toshiba PWM 130 H1 Inverter,
2 kHz, employed in
208-V tests.
Toshiba PWM VT-130, G2+ Inverter,
2 kHz, employed in 480-V tests.

1145

Annette von Jouanne (S94M95) received the

B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering
with an emphasis in power systems from Southern
Illinois University, Carbondale, and the Ph.D. in
electrical engineering/power electronics from Texas
A&M University, College Station.
She worked with Toshiba International Industrial
Division on joint university/industry research while
at Texas A&M University. She is currently an
Assistant Professor in the Electrical and Computer
Engineering Department, Oregon State University,
Corvallis, working in the Energy Systems Group, primarily on power electronic converters and clean power converters, active filters, power quality
compensators, and utility interface issues. In additon, she is investigating and
mitigating the adverse effects of applying adjustable-speed drives to ac motors.
She is also with the Motor Systems Resource Facility (MSRF), an EPRI/BPA
Center at Oregon State University, engaged in motor and drives testing and
research.
Dr. von Jouanne is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of
Oregon.

REFERENCES
[1] E. Persson, Transient effects in application of PWM inverters to
induction motors, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 28, pp. 10951100,
Sept./Oct. 1992.
[2] R. H. Daugherty and C. H. Wennerstrom, Need for industry standards
for ac induction motors intended for use with adjustable-frequency controllers, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 27, pp. 11751185, Nov./Dec.
1991.
[3] A. von Jouanne, D. Rendusara, P. Enjeti, and W. Gray, Filtering
techniques to minimize the effect of long motor leads on PWM inverter
fed ac motor drive systems, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 32, pp.
919926, July/Aug. 1996.
[4] V. Divljakovic, J. Kline, D. Barta, and D. Floryan, Aging of magnet
wire in the presence of variable frequency, high rise time and high
voltage pulses, in Conf. Rec. 1994 Conf. Electrical Insulation and
Dielectric Phenomena, pp. 391399.
[5] A. von Jouanne, P. Enjeti, and W. Gray, Application issues for PWM
adjustable speed ac motor drives, IEEE Ind. Applicat. Mag., pp. 1018,
Sept./Oct. 1996.
[6] J. M. Erdman, R. J. Kerkman, D. W. Schlegel, and G. L. Skibinski,
Effect of PWM inverters on ac motor bearing currents and shaft
voltages, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., vol. 32, pp. 250259, Mar./Apr.
1996.
[7] M. M. Skillings, Transient Electric Currents, 2nd ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill, 1952, pp. 262305.
[8] Motors and Generators, NEMA Standards Publication No. MG1-1993,
Revision No. 2, Apr. 1995.
[9] A. I. Zverev, Handbook of Filter Synthesis. New York: Wiley, 1967.

Prasad N. Enjeti (S86M88SM 95) received

the B.E. degree from Osmania University, Hyderabad, India, in 1980, the M.Tech degree from
the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India,
in 1982, and the Ph.D. degree from Concordia
University, Montreal, P.Q., Canada, in 1987, all in
electrical engineering.
Following receipt of the Ph.D. degree, he joined
the Electrical Engineering Department, Texas A&M
University, College Station, where he is currently an
Associate Professor. His primary research interests
include advance converters for power supplies and motor drives, power quality
issues and active power filter development, utility interface issues and clean
power converter designs, and electronic ballasts for fluorescent HID lamps.
In 1996, he established the state-of-the-art Power Quality Laboratory at Texas
A&M University. He is also actively involved in many projects in industry,
as well as teaching, research, and consulting in the areas of power electronics,
power quality, and clean power utility interface issues.
Dr. Enjeti is Transactions Editor for the Industrial Power Converter Committee (IPCC) of the IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS) and an
Associate Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS. He was
the recipient of the IEEE IAS Second Best Paper Award in 1993 and 1996
and the Second Best Transactions Paper Award for papers published from
mid-year 1994 to mid-year 1995 in the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY
APPLICATIONS. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas.