Growth and characterization of thin films doped with

macrocycles using sol-gel and dipcoating technique

Orlando Ortiz Jimenez
Advisor: Dra. M
onica Trejo Duran
Co-advisor: Dr. Edgar Alvarado Mendez
Thesis for the degree of:
Master in Electrical Engineering
(Specialty: Digital Instrumentation and Systems)
ENGINEERING DIVISION CAMPUS IRAPUATO-SALAMANCA, UG

December 11, 2015

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Chronology

Motivation

5
6

Goals

Theoretical framework

Results

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Conclusions
Future work
Published Works
Acknowledgement
Bibliography

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Motivation

History

The only motivation we should have in life is knowledge for knowledge and
the progress of science and technology .

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Motivation

History

From a historical standpoint, thin films have been used for a long time.

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Motivation

History

The Lycurgus cup, changes color depending on whether it is illuminated

from the front or from behind.
To this, glass specialists say it was a device for detecting poisons.
To recognize the poisons it uses a thin layer of gold nanoparticles.
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Motivation

History

The pillar of Delhi is a solid cast iron pillar which is protected by a thin
layer of fluorides.
Archaeologists know it was not a coincidence since previous sculptures do
not have the film, although later sculptures have the same one.
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Motivation

History

The Lord of Sipan, religious symbol of the Mapuche culture of Peru.

This mask represents the Lord of Sipan. It is a gold plated copper mask
created by electrodeposition.

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Motivation

History

In general, cathedral windows are painted by mineral deposition painting

techniques.

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Motivation

Coat

Thin films are still important for protectors.

In cars, protectors aim to protect the paint from the weather, such as acid
rain.
It also aims to protect cars from scratches.
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Motivation

Photovoltaic cells

An example of a device developed by thin films are photovoltaic cells.

The United Arab Emirates recently bought large amounts of photovoltaic
cells to produce electricity; the problem was that during the first sandstorm,
their devices were scratched.

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Motivation

Microelectronics

One application in microelectronics is the development of transistors.

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Motivation

Optics

Another application in optoelectronics is the use of ITO film.

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Motivation

Sensors

Another highly useful application is for the development of sensors, for example gas sensors.

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Motivation

Lasers

Applications focused on nonlinear optics are many, but the most common
application is for building lasers.
This application uses thin films doped with organic molecules.
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Goals

General Purpose
Optimization of the growth parameters for thin films and their
characterization.

Orlando Ortiz Jimenez (DICIS)

particular objectives
1 Parameter optimization of
sol-gel technique

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Parameters optimization
of the dip coating technique for growing thin
films

Optical characterization of
thin films

Identification of potential
applications

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Theoretical framework

What is a thin film?

Two-dimensional solid structure

The thin film must have a support or base called substrate
There is no definition for a thin
film. But in general, a thin film
depends on that which it interacts with.

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Theoretical framework

Sol-gel Method

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Theoretical framework

Dipcoating Technique

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Theoretical framework

Macrocycles
A macrocycle is, as defined by IUPACa , a cyclic macromolecule or a
macromolecular cyclic portion of a molecule.
a

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Figure : Crystal structure of a Zn (II) ion coordinated to cyclene and

ethanol;published in Inorg. Chem., 1997, 4579-4584.
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Theoretical framework

FTIR of the macrocycles used in this work

(a)

(b)

(c)
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Results

Objective 1 and 2

Dives
Speed
tdown
tup

250
10 mm/min
0s
0s

Table : Growth parameters

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Results

Objective 1 and 2

These films were made without

environmental control
These films have many cracks.
These films have pores inherent
to the technique

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Results

Objective 1 and 2

Dives
Speed
tdown
tup
evaporated
substance :

500
66.14 mm/min
15 s
0s
100 ml
ethanol

Table : Growth parameters

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Results

Objective 1 and 2

The dip coater was placed in a

glass chamber
The number of cracks decreases
These films have pores inherent
to the technique

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Results

Objective 1 and 2

Dives
Speed
tdown
tup
Macrocicle:

1000
66.14 mm/min
15 s
0s
RWMII M3

Table : Growth parameters

Figure : Next Film

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Results

Objective 1 and 2

There was a room temperature

control, set to 18 Celsius.
These films have pores inherent
to the technique

Figure : Next Film

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Results

Atomic Force Microscope, Objective 3

This study was done at the CIO

We took a 600 square micron
window of the thin film.

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Results

Atomic Force Microscope, Objective 3

The second step was to

determine the topography
It can be seen that the
topography of a section of 8
square microns is homogeneous

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Results

Atomic Force Microscope, Objective 3

The next step was to determine

the roughness
For this section the average
roughness was 11.92 nanometers

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Results

Atomic Force Microscope, Objective 3

The film thickness is 0.4 microns

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Results

Nonlinear Optical Properties

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Published Works

(a) Macromex 2014

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Bibliography

REFERENCES

Peter Y. Yu and M. Cardona, Fundamentals of

Semiconductors Physics and Materials Properties, Germany,
Springer-Verlag, 2010.

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