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2006
2006
INSTRUTOR
RESPONSVEL
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PROJETOS HIDRULICOS
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2006
For
Fora
F = M. a
Presso
P=
F
A
F = fora
M = massa
a = acelerao
1 kgf = 10 N
P = presso ( bar )
F = fora ( Kgf )
A = rea ( cm2 )
IMPORTANTE
W = Trabalho ( J )
Trabalho
W = F. s
F = fora ( N )
s = distancia (m )
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Ep = energia potencial
Energia
potencial
Ep = m.g. h
m = massa
g = acelerao da gravidade
h = altura potencial
Velocidade
V=
Energia
Cin
Cintica
m.v2
Ek =
2
s = distancia ( m )
t = tempo (s )
Ek = energia cintica
m = massa
v = velocidade
Acelera
Acelerao
P = potncia ( watt )
Potncia
P=
W
t
V = Velocidade ( m/s )
a =
V
t
a = acelerao ( m/s2 )
V = velocidade ( m/s )
t = tempo (s )
W = Trabalho ( J )
t = tempo (s )
1W = 1 J / s
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Analogias
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Leis da Vazo
Volume
Vol = A . s
Vazo
Q=
Vol
t
Velocidade
Q=
A .s
t
Vazo
Q= A.V
Q = vazo (l/min )
A = rea (cm2)
s = espao (cm)
t = tempo ( min )
V = velocidade (cm/s)
A1
Q1 = Q2
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A2
v2
v1
7
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FLUXO LAMINAR
Re =
v . dh
n
v = velocidade
dh = dimetro hidrulico
n = viscosidade cinemtica
FLUXO TURBULENTO
Re > 2300 = turbulento
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10
Desenho do diagrama
Seqncia de movimentos
Sistema de comando
Condies de trabalho
Requerimentos de segurana
(operador e e equipamento)
Espao existente
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11
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12
Diagrama de comando
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13
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14
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15
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16
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17
Ligao de ventagem
Controle remoto da presso
Sistema digital de presso
Controle proporcional da presso
Reduo da presso
contrabalano
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18
Ligao de ventagem
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19
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20
Sistema digital
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21
Controle proporcional
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22
Reduo de presso
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23
contrabalano
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24
Hidrulica
Industrial
Subdiviso
mercado
em
reas
de
Sistemas hidrulicos em
Faixa de
presso
de
operao
pOp
em
bar
Fundies e
Laminaes
160 a 180
315 a 420
Mquinas operatrizes
50 a 100
50 a 300
16 a 120
Prensas
Prensas gerais,
prensas para propsitos especiais,
prensas de alta presso
250 a 315
400 a 600
a 1000
Mquinas de injeo-moldagem e
moldagem por sopro,
mquinas para propsitos especiais
150 a 210
250 a 315
300 a 450
Bancos de ensaio,
leitos de ensaio
250 a 290
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25
Meter in
Meter out
Bleed off
Rpido e lento
Controle proporcional de vazo
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26
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27
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28
Controle em desvio
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29
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30
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31
Circuitos regenerativo
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32
Circuitos regenerativo
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33
Como:
fonte de energia
compensadores de vazamentos
compensador de volume
fonte de energia de emergncia
amortecedores de pulsao e choques
estabilizador das pulsaes da Bomba
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34
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35
Circuito de descompresso
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36
1.
Bomba de engrenagens
2.
Reservat
Reservatrio
3.
Reten
Reteno
4.
5.
6.
Vlvula direcional
7.
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37
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38
P- compressores e bombas
A- atuadores
M- motores
S- elementos de sinais
V- vlvulas
Z- demais componentes no
Includos na lista.
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39
dimensionamento
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40
p=
F
A hm
= (bar )
F = p A = (Kgf )
V=
P(bar)
20
120
160
hm(%)
85
90
95
Q
= (m / s)
A 6
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41
Parte 2: pagina 23
Foras sobre um cilindro hidrulico
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42
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43
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44
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45
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46
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47
Segundo Euler
2 EI
F=
LK 2
F em N
= 3,5 coeficiente de segurana
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48
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49
Sa
Sada do
fluido
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1.
Embolo
2.
Bucha de
amortecimento
3.
Cabe
Cabeote
4.
Fluido restringido
5.
Canal de
amortecimento
6.
Vlvula de fluxo
7.
Cone de
amortecimento
8.
Contra porca
9.
Vlvula de reten
reteno
10.
Sangrador
50
n=
n= rpm
Q = l/min
De = cm3/rot
M = N.m
p = Kgf/cm2
N = Kw
mh = rendimento do motor hidr.
Q1000 vol
de
(rpm )
M = 0,0159 de p mh ( N .m )
N=
Qp t
600
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(Kw)
51
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52
Dimensionamento da tubulao
dt = 4,607
Vmax em m/s
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Q
vmx
para
0.5 a 1.0
Linha de suco
Linha de retorno
Linha de distribuio
53
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54
Fluido hidrulico
HL - proteo anticorrosiva, resistncia ao envelhecimento;p/
equipamentos que possuem elevados esforos trmicos e
problemas de entrada de gua no sistema.
HLP - grande resistncia ao desgaste; sujeitos maiores
esforos de presso.
HV - fluidos onde a interferncia sobre a viscosidade
mnima; para equipamentos onde h oscilaes considerveis
de temperatura.
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55
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56
VISCOSIDADE
1.
2.
Padronizado em 40 C
3.
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57
Classificao ISO VG
Classe de
viscosidade
ISO
Viscosidade
mdia em
40.0 C
mm2/s (cSt)
Limites de
viscosidade
cinemtica em
40.0 C mm2/s (cSt)
mnimo
ISO VG 10
ISO VG 22
ISO VG 32
ISO VG 46
ISO VG 68
ISO VG 100
10
22
32
46
68
100
9.0
19.8
28.8
41.1
61.2
90.0
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mximo
11.0
24.2
35.2
50.6
74.8
110.0
58
Avaliar presso de trabalho acima de 200 bar, com 400 bar a viscosidade
viscosidade dobrada
Avaliar a compatibilidade de materiais leo x equipamentos
Estabilidade ao cisalhamento
Resistncia contra a solicita
solicitao t
trmica
Resistncia a solicita
solicitao Oxidante
Baixa taxa de compressibilidade
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59
De dif
difcil igni
ignio ( No inflam
inflamvel )
No T
Txico
Boa prote
proteo contra corroso
Nenhuma forma
formao de substancias pegajosas
Boa Filtrabilidade
Compatibilidade de mudan
mudana dos fluidos
Forma
Formao de lama ( no sedimentarsedimentar-se )
Defesa ao Meio Ambiente
Custos e disponibilidade no mercado
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60
Capacidade de eliminao de ar
ISO VG 10
ISO VG 22
ISO VG 32
mximo 5 min
ISO VG 46
ISO VG 68
mximo 10 min
ISO VG 100
mximo 14 min
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61
Uma ponte rolante num galpo deve ser equipada com um acionamento hidrosttico de
translao e um guincho hidrulico. Para carregar caminhes a ponte precisa sair ao ar
livre. O guincho no opera em regime contnuo.
Para este caso de aplicao deve-se calcular com as seguintes temperaturas:
Temperatura de ambiente:
-10C a +40C
Temperatura do fluido de presso:
0C a +60C
Dos estoques existentes de fluidos hidrulicos deve ser utilizado um fluido de presso
com o cdigo ISO VG 32.
Para um fluido de presso VG32 e para a temperatura mxima deste fluido, pode-se
verificar a seguinte viscosidade:
VG 32:
VG 32:
com
com
0C = 300 mm2/s
+60C = 15 mm2/s
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62
Viscosidade admissvel
do fluido hidrulico
em mm2/s
Bombas de engrenagem
-15 a +80
10 a 300
Limites de aplicao
correspondem as
exigncias
Bombas de palhetas
(varivel)
-10 a +70
16 a 160
- Faixa de temperatura
seria suficiente
- Faixa de viscosidade
insuficiente
Por conseguinte no se
deve usar bomba de
palhetas
-25 a +90
10 a 1000
Limites de aplicao so
superiores as
exigncias
Vlvulas de reteno
-30 a +80
2,8 a 500
Limites de aplicao so
superiores as
exigncias
Vlvulas direcionais
-30 a +80
2,8 a 500
Limites de aplicao so
superiores as
exigncias
Vlvulas limitadoras de
presso
-30 a +80
10 a 800
Limites de aplicao so
superiores as
exigncias
Componentes
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Avaliao da
possibilidade de
aplicao
63
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64
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65
Membrana
Bexiga
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Pisto
66
ACUMULADOR DE MEMBRANA
Manter presso
Repor vazamentos
Absorver golpes de ar
arete
Soldado
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Roscado
67
Vlvula de
preenchimento
Carca
Carcaa em a
ao
ACUMULADOR DE BEXIGA
Nitrognio
Vlvula antianti-extruso
Volumes de 1 at
at 50 ltrs
Permite reparo ( troca da bexiga )
Principais fun
funes :
Somar vazo
Absorver golpes de ar
arete
Boa dinmica
Bexiga de borracha
Conexo de entrada
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68
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69
ACUMULADOR DE PISTO
Grandes volumes 5 at
at 80 ltrs
Principais fun
funes:
Baixa dinmica
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70
Atende as exigncias e as
prescri
prescries de seguran
segurana
conforme DIN 24 552
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71
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72
Manter de presso
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73
Reduo de tempo
de ciclo
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74
Reduo de tempo
de curso
aumento da vazo
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75
Acionamento de
emergncia
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76
Acionamento de
emergncia para
grande quantidade
de fluido
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77
Frenagem de emergncia
Lubrifica
Lubrificao de emergncia
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78
Compensao de
Fora
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79
Compensao de
Vazamentos
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80
Amortecimento de
choques e oscilao
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81
Molas hidr
hidrulicas
Molas hidr
hidrulicas
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82
Estado 1
Po = presso de pr-carga
Vo = volume do acumulador
Estado 2
P1 = presso mnima requerida
V1 = Vo x 0,9 ( 10% menor que Vo)
Estado 3
P2 = presso mxima ( de bomba )
V2 = volume mnimo da bexiga
83
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84
85
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86
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87
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88
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89
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90
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91
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92
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93
Parte 9 = exemplo
Acumuladores hidrulicos clculo do volume
P2 = 140 bar
V = 4 litros
Acumulo de energia
Vo = 27,39 litros
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94
1.
Vlvulas de reteno
2.
Vlvulas de direcionais
3.
4.
5.
Elementos lgicos
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95
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1.
Corpo
2.
cone
3.
Mola
4.
Assento
96
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97
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98
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1.
cone
2.
Assento
3.
Mola
4.
Carretel piloto
99
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We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
1.
cone
2.
cone
3.
Carretel central
100
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
101
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
102
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
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103
TN 6
TN 16
TN 10
TN 25
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104
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
105
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
106
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
107
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
108
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
109
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
110
TN 06
4WE
5-4WE
1.
Carretel
2.
Molas
3.
Vlv.
lv. agulha ( controle fluxo)
4.
Bobina
5.
Conjunto solen
solenide
TN 10
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111
TN 06
TN 10
1.
Alavanca
2.
Acionador
3.
Molas
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112
Pneumtico
Hidrulico
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We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
113
Completa
1 = V
Vlvula principal (pilotada)
2 = V
Vlvula piloto (TN 06)
Simplificada
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We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
114
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
115
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
116
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
117
AO DIRETA
DBDS6K
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118
PR
PR-COMANDADO
DB
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119
DBW
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120
Ao direta
Pr-comandada
Abertura
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121
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
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122
PR
PR-COMANDADO
DA
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123
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
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124
DIRETA
DR.D
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125
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
126
PR
PR-COMANDADO
DR
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127
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
128
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
129
MAIOR AO DA VISCOSIDADE
MENOR AO DA VISCOSIDADE
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130
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
131
All rights reserved by Bosch Rexroth AG, even and especially in cases of proprietary rights applications.
We also retain sole power of disposal, including all rights relating to copying, transmission and dissemination.
132
MK
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133
VERK
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134
Z2FS
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135
Balana de presso
P1 P2 = CONSTANTE
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136
2FRM
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137
Filtragem
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138
Filtragem
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139
Filtragem
1.
Perdas de produ
produo
2.
Parada de m
mquina
3.
Custo de reposi
reposio de equipamento
4.
5.
6.
s
a
d
i
V
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s
a
n
a
m
u
h
140
Filtragem
Partculas slidas
Lquidos
Gasoso
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141
Efeito
Tipos de contaminao
Gasosa
Lquida
Ar
gua
Slida
xido de ferro
Partculas de ferrugem
extremamente
danoso
Ferro
Ao
Lato
Bronze
Alumnio
muito
danoso
Tecidos duros
Fibras
Desgastes de vedaes
Partculas de borracha
vindas de mangueiras
Partculas de pintura
Produtos de oxidao
do fluido hidrulico
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pouco
danoso
142
Dimetro em m
75
Cabelo humano
30
15
5
1
Filme lubrific.
de armazenagem
Partculas
finas/grossas
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143
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144
HASTE DE CILINDROS
2.
MONTAGEM
3.
CONTAMINA
CONTAMINAO INICIAL
4.
CONTAMINA
CONTAMINAO INTERNA
5.
DESGASTE
6.
LEOS NOVOS
7.
REPAROS
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145
Quais so as folgas ?
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146
Quais so os danos ?
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147
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148
Cavaco
de usinagem
encravado
Contaminao
como dano
conseqente
Partcula estranha na pista do rolamento de
esferas
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149
Filtragem Classificao
NAS 1638
ISO 4406
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150
Quantidade m
mxima de contaminantes a cada
100 ml de fluido
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151
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
Quant.
de partculas
/ 1 ml
Partikelanzahl
/ 100ml
de
von
0,5
1
2
4
8
16
32
64
130
250
500
1000
2000
4000
8000
16000
32000
64000
130000
260000
500000
1000000
2000000
4000000
8000000
16000000
32000000
64000000
130000000
bis
at
1
2
4
8
16
32
64
130
250
500
1000
2000
4000
8000
16000
32000
64000
130000
260000
500000
1000000
2000000
4000000
8000000
16000000
32000000
64000000
130000000
250000000
Quantidade m
mxima de contaminantes a cada
1 ml de fluido
15 / 13 / 10
>4m >6m >14m
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152
Filtragem
leo NAS 7
ou
ISO 18/16/13
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153
NAS 7
NAS 9
ISO 20/18/15
leo novo, fornecido em tambores
NAS 12
NAS 5
ISO 23/21/18
ISO 16/14/11
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154
Filtragem Classificao
Componentes
hidr
hidrulicos
Bombas de engrenagem
Cilindros
Vlvulas direcionais
Vlvulas lim. de presso
Vlvulas estranguladoras
Bombas de pistes
Bombas de palhetas
Vlvulas de presso
Vlvulas proporcionais
Servov
Servovlvulas
Servocilindros
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Classe de pureza
at
at
NAS
1638
ISO DIS
4406
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
6-8
6-8
4
4
21/18/15
21/18/15
21/18/15
21/18/15
21/18/15
21/18/15
21/18/15
19/16/13
19/16/13
16/13/10
16/13/10
Grau de filtr.
absoluto
recomendado
[m]
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
3
3
155
gua livre
gua emulsionada
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156
3% de H2O
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0,03% de H2O
157
Filtragem filtros
SUPERFICIE
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PROFUNDIDADE
158
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159
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160
elemento
filtrante
em teste
Nfluxo entrada
X=
nfluxo entrada x m
nfluxo de sada x m
elemento
filtrante
em teste
Nfluxo sada
nfluxo entrada x m
nfluxo de sada x m
Nfluxo sada = 20
elemento
filtrante
em teste
25 = 200
Nfluxo
X =entrada
X=
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nfluxo entrada x m
nfluxo de sada x m
Nfluxo sada = 1
X = 200
161
Filtragem eficincia
EFICINCIA
%
VALOR BETA
0%
1.000.000
50%
500.000
80%
200.000
98,7%
75
13.333
99%
100
10.000
99,5%
200
5.000
99,9%
1.000
1.000
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162
Componente
no corpo
humano
Brnquios
Rim
Fgado
Corao
Crebro
Dilise
Sangue
Sistema de
nervos
no sistema
hidrulico
Tarefa
no corpo
humano
no sistema
hidrulico
Filtrao e limpeza
do ar aspirado e expelido
Filtro de
Separao de partculas slidas
retorno
e gua
Filtro de
Filtro de proteo para organismos
presso
respect. componentes na seqncia
Gerao de presso e fluxo volumtrico,
Bomba
necessrios para organismos / sistemas
Responsvel para o total funcionamento
Comando
do corpo / sistema
Filtro de fluxo
Separao de partculas slidas
secundrio
e gua
Fluido hidrul. Alimentao dos organismos Transp. de energia, eliminao
operacional
e eliminao de impurezas de temperatura, reduo de atrito
Sistema de informao sobre Sensores sobre presso,
Monitoramento
o estado dos organismos
temperatura, nvel de tanque
Filtro de ar
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163
COMANDO
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164
COMANDO
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165
COMANDO
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166
COMANDO
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167
Filtragem filtro de ar
COMANDO
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168
VISUAL
EL
ELTRICO
EL
ELTRICO COM LED
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169
Acessrios hidrulicos
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170
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171
Barra suporte
Abraadeira suporte
Bucha de borracha
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172
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173
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174
Chaves de n
nvel
Captador de temperatura
Medidor de vazo
Visor de n
nvel
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175
Manifolds Standart
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Sub-base individual
176
Blocos especiais
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177
Montagens Modulares
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178
unidades hidrulicas
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179
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180
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181
dimensionamento
de n
Q=
= (l / min)
1000
Reservatrio
Vmax = 3 a 5 x Qp (Qp em L/min)
Q p
Kw =
= ( Kw)
600 t
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182
Parte 3: pagina 36
seleo da bomba
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183
Parte 3: pgina 28
Critrios para selecionar o do tipo de circuito
Tipo de circuito
aberto
(controle de
estrangulamento
)
Trabalho
contnuo
intermitente
aberto
(controle de
bomba)
fechado/
semifechado
(sistema de
compensao)
Alta potncia
Presso de
operao
X
baixa
(at 160
(at 250
bar)
mdia
bar)
alta
(at 450
bar)
Sistema
simples
complexo
Rpida resposta de controle
X
X
X1)
X1)
Compacto
(tanque de fluido)
Tipo de
sada
X
rotativo
linear
X
X
1)
184
Parte 3: pagina 31
circuito aberto circuito fechado
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185
Circuito aberto
Normalmente aplicado na
industria
Circuito fechado
Normalmente aplicado na
mbil
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186
FIM
OBRIGADO !!!!
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187