CREATIVE MATH.

12 (2003),
35 - 42

On some inequalities for right triangles

Ovidiu T. Pop and Constantin Voicu
Abstract. We will prove some inequalities between the elements of a right triangle.
In any ABC right triangle we denote AB = c, BC = a, CA = b, and
a+b+c
A, B, C be the angles of the triangle, p =
the semiperimeter,
2
r, ra , R the radii of incircle, excircle corresponding to BC and circumcircle of ABC, respectively.
Proposition 1. In any ABC triangle we have
s 
!

1
A
A
r=
a2 1 + tg2
(b c)2 a tg
2
2
2
R
=s
2

1


sin2 A 1 + tg2

and

R
=
r

A
2

A
2 sin
2

(1)
(2)

A
(sin B sin C)2 sin A tg
2

1

BC
A
cos
sin
2
2

(3)

Proof. Let I be in centre to an ABC triangle, IT AC, T AC. Because

A
IT
r
AT = p a, we have tg =
=
and analogous.
2
AT
p a

A

B C
From A = (B + C), results
=
+
, hence
2
2
2
2






B C
A
B C
1
=
tg
= tg

+
= ctg
+
= 
2
2
2
2
2
2
B C
tg
+
2
2
B
C
r
r
tg
1
(p b)(p c) r2
2
2
pb pc
=
.
=
B
C
r
r
ar
tg + tg
+
2
2
pb pc

1 tg
=

Received: 14.09.2003; In revised form: 11.12.2003

Key words and phrases. Inequality, triangle.
35

36

Ovidiu T. Pop and Constantin Voicu

A
A
Thus r2 +ar tg = (pb)(pc), is equivalent to 4r2 +4ar tg = a2 (bc)2 ,
2
2

2


A
A
or 2r + a tg
= a2 1 + tg2
(b c)2 . Because a > |b c|, results
2
2


A
2
2
a 1 + tg
(b c)2 > 0 and so from the relation above we get (1).
2
Identity (2) can be obtained from (1) by changing sides a, b, c in the sinus
theorem. Relation (3) results from (2) after calculations.

Proposition 2. In any ABC triangle take place the following inequalities:


A
a 1 sin
2
(4)
r
A
2 cos
2
R

(5)

A
A
2 sin
1 sin
2
2


a
A
r tg

(6)
2
4
4
R
1



(7)
r
A
sin A tg

4
4
Equality in any of the inequalities (4) (7) can be obtained if and only if
B = C.
s 
!

1
A
A
Proof. From (1) we have r
a2 1 + tg2
a tg
and so we get
2
2
2
(4) and then (5).

a cos2
r

(3) shows us that

A
A
A
A
+ sin2 2 sin cos
4
4
4
4


A
A
2 cos2 sin2
4
4


A
A
a cos sin
4
4
,
= 
A
A
2 cos + sin
4
4

hence results (6).

We get (7) out of (6) considering that a = 2R sin A.
b =
Corollary 1. In the ABC triangle, (A)

, we have
2

R p
2 + 1 (Emmerichs inequality)
(8)
2
and equality can be obtained if and only if ABC is an isosceles triangle.

On some inequalities for right triangles

37

.
2

b =
Proof. We obtain it out of (5) or (7) because (A)

Observation 1. Inequality (5) is proved by [2] and [4].

Proposition 3. In any ABC triangle we have:
q

1
2
2
b
2a (b c) a
if and only if (A)
r
2
2
q

1
2
2
b
r
2a (b c) a
if and only if (A)
2
2
b =.
r = p a if and only if (A)
2
Proof. Considering the function f : (0, ) R,
q

1
2
2
2
f (x) =
a (1 + x ) (b c) ax ,
2

(9)
(10)
(11)

x (0, ) .

We have that

f 0 (x) =

1
q
2

a2 x
2

a ,

x (0, ) .

a (1 + x ) (b c)
q
0
From f (x) = 0,results ax = a2 (1 + x2 ) (b c)2 ,which is equivalent to
a2 (b c)2 = 0, equality that no longer takes place because a > |b c|.
Since f 0 (x) 6= 0, x (0, ), results that f 0 is a constant
sign on (0, ).
q

1
2
2
We have the variation chart in figure 1. f (1) =
2a (b c) a ,
2

f 0 (x)

f (x)

1
1
2

q
2
a2(bc)

f (1)

fig 1. Variation chart

and hence the relations (9)-(11).
b =
Observation 2. Inequalities (9), (10) are equal if and only if (A)

.
2

38

Ovidiu T. Pop and Constantin Voicu

Proposition 4. In any ABC triangle we have:

R
q
2

1
2 sin2 A (sin B sin C)2 sin A

R
q
r

if and only if

b
(A)

(12)

if and only if

b
(A)

(13)

1
2 sin2 A (sin B sin C)2 sin A

R
=q
r

if and only if

2 (sin B sin C)2 1

b =
(A)

.
2

(14)

Proof. By changing a = 2R sin A and the analogous, in relations from Proposition 3 we get Proposition 4.

Observation 3. Relations (12)-(14) can be found in [2].
Proposition 5. In any ABC triangle we have
R
q
r

1
A
2
b
(A)
2

2 sin2 A (sin B sin C)2 sin A tg

if and only if
R

1

p
A
sin A
2 tg
2


if and only if

and
b
(A)

B = C . (15)

.
2

(16)

Proof. Inequality (15) can be obtained from inequality (2.). Inequality (16)
can be obtained from (15) considering that (sin B sin C)2 0.

Corollary 2. In any kind of ABC triangle takes place the relation
1
1
R



p
r
A
A
A
sin A
2 tg
2 sin
1 sin
2
2
2


if

b
(A)

.
2

Proof. Considering (5) it is enough to prove that

1
1



p
A
A
A
sin A
2 tg
2 sin
1 sin
2
2
2


b
if (A)

.
2

(17)

On some inequalities for right triangles

39

p
A
A
A
We have sin A
2 tg
2 sin
1 sin
, equivalent to
2
2
2




A
A p
A
A
A
2 cos sin
2 sin
1 sin
, equivalent to
2 sin
2
2
2
2
2
q
2
A
A

b .
cos
, equivalent to
, hence (A)
2
2
2
4
2

Proposition 6. In any ABC triangle we have

ra = r + a tg
1
ra =
2

s
2

A
1 + tg
2
2

A
2

(18)

A
(b c) + a tg
2

(19)

and
R
=s
ra

1


A
sin2 A 1 + tg2
2
R
=
ra

2 sin

A
2

(20)

A
(sin B sin C)2 + sin A tg
2

1

BC
A
cos
+ sin
2
2

(21)

s
s
and ra =
. We obtain
p
pa
relation (19)from relations (1) and (18). Identity (20) can be obtained from
(19) by changing sides a, b, c in sine theorem. Identity (21) can be obtained
from identity (20).


Proof. We prove relation (18) considering r =

Proposition 7. In any kind of ABC triangle we know

R

ra

1


A
A
2 sin
1 + sin
2
2


a
A
ra = tg
+
2
4
4
R

ra

1

sin A tg

A
+
4
4

(22)

(23)
(24)

and equality in any of (22) (24) inequalities can be obtained if and only if
B = C.

40

Ovidiu T. Pop and Constantin Voicu

BC
1, from relation (21) results (22).
2s
!


A
1
A
From (19) results that ra
a2 1 + tg2
+ a tg
is equivalent
2
2
2


A
a 1 + sin
2
to ra
. Similar to proving inequalities (6) and (7), we
A
2 cos
2
obtain inequalities (23) and (24).

Proof. Considering 0 cos

b =
Corollary 3. In the ABC triangle, (A)

we have
2

p
R
21
(25)
ra
and equality can be obtained if and only if ABC is a right isosceles triangle.
b =
Proof. It can be obtained from inequalities (22) or (24) for (A)
b =
Corollary 4. In the ABC triangle, (A)

.
2

, takes place
2

R 2 r ra

(26)

and equality is obtained if and only if ABC is a right isosceles triangle.

Proof. It results from inequalities (8) and (25).

Proposition 8. In any ABC triangle we have


1 p 2
b
ra
2a (b c)2 + a
if and only if (A)
2
2
q

1
b
ra
2a2 (b c)2 + a
if and only if (A)
2
2

b = .
ra = p if and only if (A)
2
Proof. Considering the function f : (0, ) R,
q

1
2
2
2
a (1 + x ) (b c) + ax , x (0, ) .
f (x) =
2
We know that
f 0 (x) = q

a2 x

+ a > 0,

a2 (1 + x2 ) (b c)2

and we have the variation chart in figure 2.

x (0, )

(27)
(28)
(29)

On some inequalities for right triangles

41

f 0 (x)

+
:

f (x)

a2 (b c)2

f (1)

fig 2. Variation chart

f (1) =

1
2

q


2a2 (b c)2 + a ,

Hence we get relations (27)-(29).

Proposition 9. In any ABC triangle we have

R
q
ra

1
2 sin2 A (sin B sin C)2 + sin A

R
q
ra

if and only if

b
(A)

(30)

if and only if

b
(A)

(31)

1
2 sin2 A (sin B sin C)2 + sin A

R
=q
ra

2 (sin B sin C)2 + sin A

if and only if

b =
(A)

. (32)
2

Proof. By changing a = 2R sin A and analogous in relation from Proposition

8, we obtain Proposition 9.

Corollary 5. In any ABC triangle we have

1
21
21
q

sin A
2 sin2 A (sin b sin c)2 + sin A
 
R
b

if A
ra
2

(33)

42

Ovidiu T. Pop and Constantin Voicu

Proof. Inequality

21

21
is true.
sin A

Since (sin B sin C)2 0 results q

2 sin2 A (sin b sin c)2 + sin A

21
1
1


and we also take into
p
=
=
p
sin
A
2
sin A
2+1
2 sin A + sin A
account (30).

Observation 4. We obtain Corollary 3 from Corollary 5.
References
[1] Arslanagic S., Milosevic D., Two inequalities for any right triangle, Octogon Mathematical Magazine, 9, No. 1, April 2001, pp. 402-406
[2] Dinc
a M., Bencze M., A rafinement of Eulers and Emmerichs inequalities, Octogon
Mathematical Magazine, 10, No. 1, April 2002, pp. 320-321
[3] S
andor J., On Emmerichs inequality, Octogon Mathematical Magazine, 9, No. 2,
October 2001, pp. 861-864
[4] S
andor J., On Emmerichs inequality, Octogon Mathematical Magazine, 10, No. 2,
October 2002, pp. 729-730
Ovidiu T. Pop
Colegiul Nat
ional Mihai Eminescu
Mihai Eminescu 5, 440014 Satu Mare
Romania
E-mail address: ovidiutiberiu@yahoo.com
Constantin Voicu
Grigore Moisil
S
coala generala
Mileniului 1, 440037 Satu Mare
Romania
E-mail address: ctvoicu@yahoo.com