Idle Mode Mobility

LTE Radio Parameters RL40

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Contents
1. LTE Functionalities & Features Overview
2. Parameters Structure & SIBs
3. Physical Channel Configuration & Random Access
4. UE State Handling
5. Bearer Management
6. Admission Control
7. Power Control & Power Setting
8. Adaptive Modulation & Coding
9. MIMO Mode Control
10. Idle Mode Mobility
11. Connected Mode Mobility
12. Scheduler
13. SON
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Index

Measurements in LTE
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Mobility States
Intra LTE Mobility
Intra Frequency Mobility
Inter Frequency Mobility

Inter RAT Mobility

LTE to UTRAN
LTE to GSM
LTE to CDMA 2000

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LTE Measurements
Intra LTE measurements ( from LTE to LTE)
UE measurements
CQI measurements
Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)
Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ)
eNB measurements
Non standardized (vendor specific): TA, Average RSSI, Average
SINR, detected PRACH preambles, transport channel BLER
Standardized: DL RS Tx Power, Received Interference Power,
Thermal Noise Power
Measurements from LTE to other systems
UE measurements are mainly intended for handover.
UTRA FDD: CPICH RSCP, CPICH Ec/No and carrier RSSI
GSM: GSM carrier RSSI
UTRA TDD: carrier RSSI, RSCP, P-CCPCH
CDMA2000: 1xRTT Pilot Strength, HRPD Pilot Strength
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UE Measurements: RSRP & RSRQ

RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power)
Average of power levels (in [W]) received across all Reference Signal symbols
within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth.

UE only takes measurements from the cell-specific Reference Signal elements of

the serving cell, this makes RSRP results load and MIMO/diversity independent.
If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported value shall not be lower than the
corresponding RSRP of any of the individual diversity branches

Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)

RSSI comprises the linear average of the total received power (in [W]) observed
only in OFDM symbols containing reference symbols for antenna port 0, in the
measurement bandwidth, over N number of resource blocks by the UE from all
sources, including co-channel serving and non-serving cells, adjacent channel
interference, thermal noise etc.

RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality)

Defined as the ratio NRSRP/(E-UTRA carrier RSSI), where N is the number of
RBs of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. The measurements in
the numerator and denominator shall be made over the same set of resource
blocks
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Index

Measurements in LTE
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Mobility States
Intra LTE Mobility
Intra Frequency Mobility
Inter Frequency Mobility

Inter RAT Mobility

LTE to UTRAN
LTE to GSM
LTE to CDMA 2000

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Cell Selection Procedure

1) UE creates a candidate list of potential cells to camp on. Two possible search procedures:
Initial Cell Selection: UE scans all RF channels to find a suitable cell. On each carrier,
the UE searches for the strongest cell and reads information. Once the UE has found the
suitable cell for the selected PLMN, the UE creates a candidate list consisting of this cell
and its neighboring cells as received in measurement control information.
Stored Information Cell Selection (optionally) This procedure requires information
stored from previously received measurement control information elements (cell
parameters, carrier frequencies, etc.). After the UE has found a suitable cell for the
selected PLMN, candidate list is created same as the initial cell selection process.
2) Each cell on the candidate list is evaluated according to the selection criteria S
3) After selecting a suitable cell (S criterion
fulfilled) for camp on, UE reports this event
to NAS for registration procedures. If the
registration is successful, the UE enters into
"camped normally state.

Initial Selection
- Carrier 1:
strongest cell
- Carrier 2:
strongest cell
- Carrier i ..
Stored Information
Selection
- Previous information
- Previous detections
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S Criterion Cell Selection

UE selects a eUTRA cell if the S (selection) criteria is fulfilled: Srxlev > 0
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas (Qrxlevmin* + Qrxlevminoffset**) - Pcompensation
UE measurement
(RSRP)

SIB1 Parameter

SIB1 Parameter

Pcompensation = max (PEMAX*** PUMAX, 0) (dB)

SIB1 Parameter

qrxlevmin

* Qrxlevmin = LNCEL: qrxlevmin

** Qrxlevminoffset = LNCEL: qRxLevMinOffset (used
only when camped in VPLMN)
*** PEMAX = LNCEL: pMaxOwnCell
PUMAX is UE class specific max. UL Tx power

Minimum required RSRP level

LNCEL; -140-44dBm; 2dBm; -

qRxLevMinOffset
Affects minimum required RSRP level
LNCEL; 2..16 dB; 2dB; -

pMaxOwnCell
Used to calculate Pcompensation
LNCEL; -30..34dBm; 1dBm; *PUMAX: UE class specific max. UL Tx power; 23 dBm
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S Criterion Cell Selection

Cell size defining parameters:

Qrxlevmin

I am
outside

I am inside,
but have not
enough
power

pMaxOwnCell

Pcompensation
= max(P_MAX_OWN_CELL PUMAX, 0)

Used to calculate Pcompensation

LNCEL; -30..33dBm; 1dBm; -

*PUMAX: UE class specific max. UL Tx power; 23 dBm

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Index

Measurements in LTE
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Mobility States
Intra LTE Mobility
Intra Frequency Mobility
Inter Frequency Mobility

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Parameter Objects Structure for Reselection

LNBTS
LNCEL
IAFIM
CDFIM
IRFIM
GFIM

UFFIM
GNFL
IAFIM = Intra Frequency Idle Mode
IRFIM = Inter Frequency Idle Mode
UFFIM = UTRAN FDD Idle Mode
GFIM = GERAN Frequency Idle Mode
GNFL = GERAN Neighbor Frequency List
CDFIM = CDMA2000 Frequency Idle Mode
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Reselection Process Overview

UE is measuring the neighbor cells
only when the RSRP signal level is
below some threshold. The measurements
trigger is based primarily on absolute
priorities. In case of equal priority additional
thresholds are defined

Measurements trigger

Evaluate cell reselection criteria R

Execute cell reselection

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For the reselection there are different cases

depending on priorites of the neighbor
frequency Layers (for inter-frequency
and inter-RAT)

Priority Layer Concept in LTE

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Cell reselection between different LTE frequencies and different RATs is based
on priorities
Priorities could be configured for each LTE frequency (including serving cell) and
for each frequency of each RAT
Priorities are provided to UE via system information
Equal priorities are not applicable for inter-RAT cell reselection
UE performs only cell reselection evaluation for inter-LTE frequency and interRAT carriers for which the UE has a priority
UE is camped on a cell which defines the priorities for the other network layers
The range of absolute priorities is 0..7 (0 is the lowest priority)
LNCEL: cellReSelPrio

Absolute priority of the serving cell

IRFIM: eutCelResPrio

Absolute priority of EUTRA carrier frequency

UFFIM: uCelResPrio

Absolute priority of the UTRA carrier frequency

GNFL: gCelResPrio

Absolute priority of the GERAN carrier frequency

CDFIM: hrpdCResPrio

Absolute priority of the CDMA2000 HRPD carrier frequency

CDFIM: rttCResPrio

Absolute priority of the CDMA2000 1xRTT carrier frequency

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Measurements Trigger - Intra Frequency

When to trigger the measurements of neighbor cells?
UE is not continuously measuring neighbor cells in search of a better cell
to camp on
UE only performs intra frequency measurements when:

Intra - Frequency:

sIntrasearch
LNCEL; 0..62dB; 2dB; -

Srxlev <= Sintrasearch

Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin + Sintrasearch
(assuming that qRxLevMinOffset is not used)

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qrxlevmin
Minimum required RSRP level
LNCEL; -140-44dBm; 2dBm; -

Measurements Trigger Inter-frequency and InterRAT (1/2)

In the case of inter-frequency and inter-RAT reselection the
measurements trigger depends primarily on the absolute priorities of the
serving & non-serving layer
UE should always measure higher priority layers
Therefore UE searches for higher priority layers at least once every
(60xNlayers) seconds
Nlayers is the total number of higher priorities LTE and 3G layers
Nlayers is increased by 1 if there is one or more groups of GSM frequencies with higher
priority.

IF cellReSelPrio(inter-f or inter-RAT) > cellReSelPrio(serving)

THEN the measurements of the neighbor cell are mandatory
IF cellReSelPrio(inter-f or inter-RAT) <= cellReSelPrio(serving)
THEN the measurements are performed when RSRP of the serving cell is
below some threshold:
Srxlev <= Snonintrasearch
sNonIntrsearch
LNCEL; 0..62dB; 2dB; Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin + Snonintrasearch
(assuming that qRxLevMinOffset is not used)
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Measurements Trigger Inter-frequency and InterRAT (1/2)

sNonIntrsearch
LNCEL; 0..62dB; 2dB; 18

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Reselection Process Overview

UE is measuring the neighbor cells
only when the RSRP signal level is
below some threshold. The measurements
trigger is based primarily on absolute
priorities. In case of equal priority addotional
thresholds are defined

Measurements trigger

Evaluate cell reselection criteria R

Execute cell reselection

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For the reselection there are different cases

depending on priorites of the neighbor
frequency Layers (for inter-frequency
and inter-RAT)

R Criterion Cell Reselection

Intra-frequency Case (1/2)

Once the measurements for neighbor cells have been triggered the UE
will rank the measured cells which fulfill the S- Criterion according to the
R- Criterion
qHyst
LNCEL; 0dB (0),,24dB (15); Cell ranking criterion:
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhyst,s
qOffsetCell
IAFIM; -24 dB (0),,24 dB (30); - ; 0
Rn = Qmeas,n Qoffset,n
dB(15)

Rn > Rs cell reselection

tReselEutr
LNCEL; 07s; 1s; -

Where: Qmeas,s & Qmeas,n = RSRP

The UE shall reselect the new cell, if the following conditions are met:
1. The new cell is better ranked than the serving cell during a time interval tReselection
2. More than 1 second has elapsed since the UE has camped on the current serving cell

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Note:
s indicates the serving cell
n indicates the candidate neighbour cell.

R Criterion Cell Reselection

Intra-frequency Case (2/2)

Qmeas

Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhysts
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffsets,n

Rn > Rs =>
cell reselection

qHyst

Qmeas,n

LNCEL; 0dB (0) 24dB (15); -

Rn

Qmeas,s
Qhysts

qOffsetCell
IAFIM; -24 dB (0) 24 dB (30); - ; 0 dB(15)

Rs

Qoffsets,n
Treselection
tReselEutr
LNCEL; 07s; 1s; 21

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Time

R Criterion Cell Reselection

Inter-frequency Equal Priority Case
Similar to intra-frequency case
An additional frequency offset to control the reselection is introduced:
LTE f2
Rs = Qmeas,s + Qhyst
Rn = Qmeas,n Qoffset
Rn > Rs cell reselection offset = 0 dB
LTE f1

Where:

Qmeas,s & Qmeas,n = RSRP

Qoffset = qOffCell,n + Qoffsetfrequency
qOffFrq

qOffCell

Frequency specific offset for

equal priority EUTRAN
frequencies
IRFIM; -24..24; 2; 0 dB

Cell specific offset

IRFIM; -24..24; 1; - dB

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LTE f2
offset = -2 dB
LTE f1

R Criterion Cell Reselection

Reselection to a Higher Priority LTE frequency
The reselection to a higher absolute priority LTE layer is performed if:
SnonServingCell > Threshx,high

interFrqThrH
Threshx,high

Where:

IRFIM; 0..62dB; 2dB; -

SnonServingCell = Qrxlevmeas Qrxlevmin - Pcompensation

qRxLevMinInterF
Min. coverage criteria

Qrxlevmeas = RSRP of the LTE frequency layer

IRFIM;-140..-44dBm; 2dB; Qrxlevmin specified by the parameter qRxLevMinInterF
Qrxlevmeas(nonServingCell) > qRxLevMinInterF + interFrqThrH
(Assuming Pcompensation = 0)

The criteria above must be satisfied for a time period equal to

Treselection

interTResEut
Reselection timer
IRFIM; 0..7s; 1s; -

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R Criterion Cell Reselection

Reselection to a Lower Priority LTE frequency
Reselection to a lower priority LTE Layer is performed if:
interFrqThrL

SservingCell < Thresoldserving,low AND

SNonServingCell > Threshx,low

Threshx,low
IRFIM; 0..62dB; 2dB; -

threshSrvLow

Which means:

Thresholdserving,low
LNCEL; 0..62dB; 2dB; -

Qrxlevmeas(ServingCell) < qRxLevMin + thresholdSrvLow

AND
Qrxlevmeas(NonServingCell) > qRxLevMinInterF + interFreqThrL
(assuming that qRxLevMinOffset is not used and Pcompensation = 0)
qrxlevmin

qRxLevMinInterF

Minimum required RSRP level

Min. coverage criteria

LNCEL; -140-44dBm; 2dBm; -

IRFIM;-140..-44dBm; 2dB; -

Threshx,high > Threshx,low > Thresserving,low

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Index

Measurements in LTE
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Mobility States
Intra LTE Mobility
Intra Frequency Mobility
Inter Frequency Mobility

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Mobility States
Possible mobility states are: high, medium & normal mobility speed UEs.
For faster moving UEs the procedure alters - speed dependent scaling rules are applied.
tEvaluation

UE state detection:

nCellChgHigh
LNCEL; 1..16; 1; -

LNCEL; 30s (0), 60s (1), 120s

(2), 180s (3), 240s (4) ; -

If the number of (different cells) cell reselections during the past time period tEvalulation
exceeds nCellChgHigh, high mobility has been detected.

If the number exceeds nCellChgMed, and not nCellChgHigh, medium mobility has been
detected.

Else Normal Mobility is considered

REMARK: Mobility could be further applied separately for intra, inter frequency, interRAT scenarios

nCellChgMed
LNCEL; 1..16; 1; -

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Mobility States
For High & medium mobility states, cell ranking criteria will be modified to
consider a scaling factor:

qHystSfHigh
LNCEL; -6 dB (0), -4 dB (1),
-2 dB (2), 0 dB (3); -

High mobility:

Multiply Qhyst by "Speed dependent ScalingFactor for Qhyst for high mobility state (qHystSfHigh)

Multiply tReselection by "Speed dependent ScalingFactor for TreselectionRAT for high mobility state
for RAT cells. (RAT = EUTRAN, UTRAN, GERAN). (celResTiFHM)
celResTiFHM
qHystSfMed

Medium mobility:

LNCEL; -6 dB (0), -4 dB (1),

-2 dB (2), 0 dB (3); -

Multiply Qhyst by "Speed dependent ScalingFactor for Qhyst for medium mobility
state (qHystSfMed)

Multiply tReselection by "Speed dependent ScalingFactor for TreselectionRAT for medium mobility
state for RAT cells. (RAT = EUTRAN, UTRAN, GERAN). (celResTiFMM)
celResTiFMM
LNCEL; 0.25 (0), 0.5 (1),
0.75 (2), 1 (3); -

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LNCEL; 0.25 (0), 0.5 (1),

0.75 (2), 1 (3); -

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Index

Measurements in LTE
Cell Selection
Cell Reselection
Mobility States
Intra LTE Mobility
Intra Frequency Mobility
Inter Frequency Mobility

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Idle Mode Mobility LTE Intra-Frequency (1/4)

Broadcast of SIB 4 is optional no need to broadcast any intrafrequency neighbor cells

UE is able to complete cell re-selection with SIB3 information

eUTRAN SIB4 informs about LTE idle mode neighbors

Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) of neighbor cell can be broadcast
cell (neighbor) individual re-select offset can be broadcast

SIB4 also informs about blacklisted cells (BC)

A UE is not allowed to re-select a blacklisted cell
Up to 16 groups of cells (PCIs) can be blacklisted
UE will not measure BC cells in connected mode

UE will never be instructed from eNB to handover to a blacklisted cell

physCellIdNcl
PCI is a unique cell identification
in a neighboring cell list
IAFIM; 0503; 1; 29

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qOffsetCell
IAFIM; -24 dB(0) 24 dB (30); 0dB (15)

Idle Mode Mobility LTE Intra-Frequency (2/4)

Black Listed Cells > the feature prohibit UE to camp on group of cells

UE shall not consider Black Listed Cells to camp on

Operator can control Black Cell List
Range of blacklisted cells must be consecutive
Range can be defined with parameter IAFIM: rangeIntraPci
Start of range can be defined with parameter IAFIM: startIntraPci
PCI is Physical Cell Identifier
Black Cell List
startIntraPci
rangeIntraPci

IAFIM; 0503; 1; -

IAFIM; n4 (0), n8 (1), n12 (2), n16

(3), n24 (4), n32 (5), n48 (6), n64
(7), n84 (8), n96 (9), n128 (10),
n168 (11), n252 (12), n504 (13),
Not Used (14) ;-

0
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rangeIntraPci

startIntraPci

PCI Range
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503

Idle Mode Mobility LTE Intra-Frequency (3/4)

SIB 4
Parameter structure of IAFIM Object:
IAFIMId Identifies IAFIM managed object
intrFrBCList
(structure: 2 parameters)
rangeIntraPCI Indicates the number of PCIs in the range
startIntraPCI Indicates the lowest PCI in the range

x 16
Black Cell
List

intrFrNCList
(structure: 2 parameters)
physCellIdNcl The Physical Cell Identifier is a unique cell
identification in a Neighboring Cell List
qOffsetCell The parameter defines a cell-specific offset (in dB)
that is used in the cell reselection procedure.
IAFIM = Intra Frequency Idle Mode Parameters
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x 16

Idle Mode Mobility LTE Intra-Frequency (4/4)

Neighbor cell list copy from eNB SCF file

8 PCIs are blacklisted

1 regular intra-frequency neighbors defined

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Idle Mode Mobility LTE Inter-Frequency (1/2)

SIB5
IRFIM Object Parameters
irfimId
8 frequency layers could be defined
dlCarFrqEut f2 Frequency number
eutCelResPrio relative cell prio for ranking

x8

intFrBCList (structure: 2 parameters per neighbor)

rangeInterPci
startInterPci

x 16

intFrNCList (structure: 2 parameters per neighbor)

physCellIdNcl
qOffCell
interFrqThrH
interFrqThrL

x 16

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Idle Mode Mobility LTE Intra-Frequency (2/2)

SIB5
IRFIM Object Parameters

e.g.
interTResEut

interPresAntP Antenna port 1 used*

interTResEut
measBdw
f2 Bandwidth
pMaxInterF
qOffFrq
Frequency specific offset
qRxLevMinInterF minimum coverage criteria

E-UTRA Cell Reselection Timer

IRFIM; 0 7s; 1; -

measBdw
Max. allowed BW for neighbors
IRFIM; 6, 15, 25, 59, 75, 100 mbw; -

pMaxInterF
Pmax to be used in neighb. EUTRA cells on this frequency
IRFIM; -33..33; 1; -

tResEutSF (structure: 2 parameters)

eutResTiFHM
eutResTiFMM

* True all neighbor cells are applying at least 2 cell specific Antenna Ports
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mbw: Resource Blocks