Tutorial Sheet - 5

1) A 1-phase transformer has 400 primary and 1000 secondary turns. The net cross-sectional area of the
core is 60cm2.If the primary winding be connected to a 50-Hz at 500V, calculate (a) the peak value of
the flux density in the core, and (b) the voltage induced in the secondary winding.
[ (a) 0.94Wb/m2; (b) 1250V ]
2) The required no-load ratio in a 1- phase, 50-Hz, core-type transformer is 6000/250V. Find the number
of turns in each winding if the flux is to be about 0.06 Wb.
[ 480,20 ]
3) A 1-phase, 50Hz, core-type transformer has square cores of 20-cm side. The permissible maximum
density is 1Wb/m2.Calculate the numbers of turns per limb on the high- and low- voltage sides for a
3000/220-V ratio.
[191,1]
4) A single phase auto transformer is to transmit a power of WkW from the primary network at E1
volts to the secondary E2 volts. Determine the rating of each section of the winding and compare it
with the rating of a two winding transformer, assuming an efficiency of in both cases. Evaluate for
E2=90% e1, W=100kW and =0.97. Ignore magnetizing current.
[Primary 103.2/10.32, Secondary 100/7.22.]
5) An 11500/2300-V transformer is rated at 100kVA as a 2-winding transformer .If the two winding are
connected in series to form an auto-transformer, what will be the voltage ratio and output.
[ 13.8/11.5 kV,600 kVA or 13.8/2.8 kV,120kVA]
6) The efficiency, at unity power factor, of a 6600/884-V, 200-kVA, 1-phase transformer is98% both at
full load and half load. The power factor on no load is 0.2 and the full load regulation at a lagging
power factor of 0.8is 4%. Draw the equivalent circuit referred to the l.v side, and insert all values.
[ R0= 108 ; X0=22.1 ;X=0.036 ]
7) A 100-kVA, 6600/330-V 50-Hz, single-phase transformer took 10A and 436W at 100V in a shortcircuit test,, the figures referring to the high-voltage side. Calculate the voltage to be applied to the
high-voltage side on full load at power factor 0.8 lagging when the secondary terminal voltage is 330
V.
[6784 V.]
8) A 110-kVA, 1-phase transformer has a ratio of 11000/440 V. The iron loss measured on open-circuit
is 1100 W. With the secondary winding short-circuited, a voltage of 500V at normal frequency
applied to the primary produces full-load current, the wattmeter reading 1000 W. Calculate (a) the

secondary terminal voltage,(b) the efficiency, when a current of 250 V at a lagging power factor of
0.8 is taken by a load connected to the low-voltage terminals, the primary voltage being 11000 V.
[ (a) 425 V ; (b) 97.6% ]
9) Find the efficiency of a 150-kVa transformer at 25%, 33% and 100% full load, (a)at unity power
factor ,(b) at power factor 0.8 lagging ,if the copper loss is 1600 W at full load and the iron loss is
1400 W . Ignore the effects of temperature rise and magnetizing current.
[(a) 96.15, 96.94, 98.04 %; (b) 95.23, 96.21, 97.56%.]
10) In a 25-kVA , 2000/200 V transformer the iron and copper losses are 350 and 400 W respectively.
Calculate the efficiency on unity power factor at (a)full load and (b)half load , (c) Determine the load
for maximum efficiency and the iron and the copper loss in this case.
[ (a) 97.1% ; (b) 96.5% ; (c) 23.4kVA,350 W each.]
11) A transformer has its maximum efficiency of 0.98 at 15 kVA at unity power factor. During the day it
is loaded as following :-12 hours- 2 kW at power factor 0.5
6

hours-12 kW at power factor 0.8

hours-18 kW at power factor 0.9

Find the all-day efficiency (output in kWh/input in kWh).

[0.97]
12) A 100-kVA, 1000/10000-V, 50-c/s transformer has an iron loss is 1200 W. The copper loss with 6 A
in the high-voltage winding is 500 W. Calculate the efficiency at (i)25% (ii)50% (iii)100 % of normal
load, for power factor of (a)1.0 and (b)0.8, the output terminal voltage being maintained at 10000 V .
Find also the load for maximum efficiency at both power factors.
[ (a)(i) 95.10%,(ii)97.00 %,(iii) 97.47%; 93kVA; (b)(i) 93.95%,(ii) 96.27%,(iii) 96.86%;
93kVA ]

13) Calculate the values of R0, X0, Rt and Xt in the diagram for the equivalent circuit of a 1-phase, 2
kVA, 200/400-V,50-Hz transformer of which the following are test results: Open circuit :200 V 0.7
A, 70W on low voltage (primary) side. Short-circuit: 15 V, 10 A, 80W on high-voltage (secondary)
side.

[571, 330, 0.2 and 0.317 ]

14) The diagram shows the equivalent circuit for a 1-phase transformer. Figures give resistance and
reactances in ohms in terms of the primary side. The ratio of secondary to primary turns is 10 and the
load is inductive. Find (a) the secondary terminal voltage; (b) the primary current; (c) the efficiency.
[(a)1860 V; (b) 25.9 V; (c) 94.9%.]

15) The equivalent circuit shown refers to a 200/400- V 1-phase, 50-Hz, 4-kVA, transformer, the values
given being reduced to the low-voltage side. For a high-voltage current of 10 A at a lagging power
factor of 0.8, calculate (a) the lowvoltage input current; (b) the efficiency; (c) the voltage at the
terminals of the high-voltage side.

[(a)20.65 A ; (b) 96.08% ;(c)386 V.]