Designing

Comfortable Buildings

One day seminar on benets of green buildings and

GRIHA ra<ng system


D E V S Kiran Kumar
Associate Fellow
The Energy and Resources Ins<tute (TERI)

Habitat for Comfortable Living

Visual

Acous0cal

Air Quality

Thermal

2007
Green
CSE, IIT Kanpur
EPI= 98 kWh/m2yr

2011
High Performance
Suzlon One E, Pune
EPI = 59 kWh/m2yr

2012
Net zero
ECB, Bayer Noida,
EPI = 69 kWh/m2yr

2013
Net Posi0ve
AkshayUrja,
Panchkula,
EPI = 17 kWh/m2yr

Comfortable Built environment

Thermal Comfort

Micro climate
Building form and
orienta0on
Building envelope
Material selec0on
Ven0la0on systems
Air condi0oning

Visual Comfort

Daylight design
Glazing specica0ons
Shading requirement
Ligh0ng design
Luminaire selec0on
Surface colors/
treatments
Connec0vity with
outdoors

Acous0cal Comfort

Landscape design
Noise barriers
Loca0on of spaces
Building envelope
material selec0on

Air Quality

Landscape design
Indoor/ Outdoor air
quality
Loca0on of spaces
Natural ven0la0on
Indoor and outdoor
surface treatments
Ven0la0on
requirements

Microclimate

Microclimate

Reduction in peak air temperature

1.5C incase of Reflective roof
1.9C incase of Green roofs

Outdoor thermal comfort

Radiant
Temperature
39.7C

Radiant
Temperature
36.8C

Climate responsive building design- Mutual/Self

Shading
9th
Floor
8th
Floor
7th
Floor

Ground Floor

6th
Floor
5th
Floor
4th
Floor
3rd
Floor
2nd
Floor

Solar
Exposure

Fifth Floor

Average DF : 1.8
Shading Factor: 1

Ninth Floor

Average DF : 2.0
Shading Factor: 0.83

Average DF :3.8
Shading Factor :0.56

Adap<ve Thermal Comfort- NBC 2005

Adaptive Comfort
Temperature (C)

Jan
Ahmedabad 19-29
Bangalore
20-28
Chennai
21-29
Mumbai
21-29
New Delhi
18-27

Feb
20-29
20-30
22-30
21-30
19-27

Mar
21-31
22-30
23-30
22-30
20-29

Apr
23-32
22-30
23-31
23-30
22-31

May
24-33
22-30
24-31
24-30
23-32

Jun
24-32
21-29
24-31
24-30
24-32

Jul
23-30
21-29
24-31
23-29
24-31

Aug
23-30
21-28
23-31
23-29
24-30

Sep
23-31
21-29
23-31
23-29
23-31

Oct
22-31
21-28
23-30
23-30
21-30

Nov
21-30
21-28
22-29
22-30
19-29

Dec
20-29
20-28
22-29
21-30
18-27

Ecient Air condi<oning Systems

1deg C decrease in temperature increases load by 3%

Energy Eciency in Buildings

100
30

Conven<onal Building

Low Energy Building

Greenness and Aordability

R C Wall Concrete Block Wall

Quan<ty of Concrete (Sqm)

Rate (Rs/ Unit)
Quan<ty of Bricks (Sqm)
Rate (Rs/Unit)
Total Material Cost (Rs)
Formwork Cost (Rs)
Reuse of Formwork
Labour Cost (Rs/Sqm Wall)
Total Wall Area (Sqm)
Total Labour Cost (Rs)
Time of Construc<on (Days)

80
7425
0
0
5,94,000
70,00,000
350
60
80
4,800
6

10
12375
70
2520
3,00,150
20,00,000
6
140
80
11,200
60

Passive building- Silk worm rearing house

Stack Ven<la<on
Solar Chimney
South Shade
Roof Pond
Trombe Wall

Thermal Performance of Building Materials

Randall McMullan 1983, Environmental Science in Building

Climate responsive building design- Wall treatment

Climate responsive building design- Envelope

construc<on

Hollow clay 0les for roofs reduces cooling energy by 20-30%

Thermal Performance of Building Materials

Roof Coa0ngsCenospheres

Roof Coa0ngs-
Mica par0cles

Phase Change Materials

Image Courtesy: Insulla

Phase Change Materials

Physical Structure

Cool mortar -Model 1

Conduc0vity
Specic heat

0.451
0.87

Density
1850
Volumetric Heat Capacity

1925

Extruded Polystyrene-
Model 2
Conduc0vity
0.028

POP false ceiling board-

Model3
Conduc0vity
0.499

Specic heat
Density

Specic heat
Density

1.25
34

Volumetric Heat Capacity

1290

0.2
1080

Volumetric Specic heat

764

Daylight Strategies- Light pipes, Solar tracking system

Solar tracking indirect dayligh0ng system

Window, night purging

Solar powered natural ven0la0on systems for
Air ow in OTS shae

OTS Air ow needs to be

increased

Air ow analysis

Natural Ven<la<on- Passive systems

Indoor Air Quaity

Renewable Energy- Solar PV

Shading Analysis & Roof top area

available for Solar PV

Total available roof area= 1985 Sqm

Un shaded area available

on terrace = 335 Sqm

Un shaded area available on head rooms and over

head tanks = 415 Sqm

Renewable Energy-Smart Mini Grids

Renewable Energy- Hot water system

System

Solar Thermal
Electrical Geyser
with Solar PV
Heat Pump with
Solar PV

Total Incident Renewable

Input
Solar
System Eciency Energy
Radia<on
(%)
(kW)
(kWh)
3
64
2

Hot water
Total solar
System Eciency energy used to
(%)
deliver hot water
(kWh/l)
1
0.030

15

13

0.150

15

13

4.6

0.032

d.kumar@teri.res.in