Liebert Columbus
Examples:
Electromechanical Clock
vs. Digital Alarm Clock
Motor vs. Motor Drive
Cost
DC Power Systems
Telecom Loads
Power
Units
AC
Surge
DC Power System
DC Power Interface
AC Power Systems
DC/DC
Converter
IT Loads
AC/DC
Power
Supplies
Transfer
Switch
AC
Surge
AC Distribution
Mission
Critical
Cooling
Generator
Services &
EF&I
UPS
- Maintenance
- Monitoring
DC/DC
Converter
Cabinet
Solutions/
Outside
Plant
Connector
Assemblies
C
o
n
n
e
c
t
I
v
I
t
y
Tower
z
z
z
z
Ease of Expansion
Ease of Redundancy
Higher Equipment and Installation Cost
Potentially Lower MTBF of Rectifiers
Mitigated by the Battery Connection Directly to the
Load and Low MTTR
DC Power Plant
Rectifiers
AC
Power
Utility
DC/DC Converter
Other DC
Loads
Distribution
-48 VDC
ATS
AC
Loads
Battery Rack
Standby
Generator
24 Cells
(3 or 8 Hour Battery)
DC/AC Inverter
Power Plant
w/Distribution
Power
Distribution
Cabinet
-42.0V Min.
1.75 V/Cell
Load
Battery Rack
0.25V
1.25V
2.5V
1.0V
AC UPS
Higher Voltage Batteries (120 to 240 Cells)
Regulated AC Output Voltage
Lower End of Discharge Voltage (1.65V/C Typ.)
Longer Runs of Higher Power Feasible
AC
Distribution
Rectifier
-48VDC
Loads
120/208VAC
AC
Loads
ATS
Other DC
Loads
AC/DC Converter
Standby
Generator
Battery Rack
120 to 240 Cells
(15 Min. Battery)
AC UPS System
Importance of the Automatic Static Bypass
AUTOMATIC
STATIC BYPASS
SOURCE
Unregulated
AC
RECTIFIER / DC
CHARGER
LOAD
INVERTER
Regulated AC
BATTERY
MTBF SMS Without Bypass
= 21,254 Hours
5 x Increase
(Based on MIL-HDBK-217C and Reliability Engineering, ARINC Research Corp, Prentice Hall)
UPS Module
R
UTILITY
ENGINE
GENERATOR
I
BATTERY
Fuel
OUTPUT
STATIC SWITCH
BYPASS
INPUT
RECTIFIER
AC INPUT
SYSTEM
CONTROL
CABINET
UPS
Module 1
BATTERY
RECTIFIER
AC INPUT
UPS
Module 2
BATTERY
RECTIFIER
AC INPUT
UPS
Module 3
BATTERY
Note: Individual
Module Batteries
AC UPS
AC
Loads
Battery Rack
DC Power Plant
Rectifiers
AC
Power
Utility
Distribution
-48 VDC
ATS
-48 VDC
-48VDC
Loads
Other DC
Loads
DC/DC Converter
Battery Rack
Standby
Generator
-48 VDC
(1 Hour Min. Battery)
Other AC Loads
Lighting, HVAC
AC
Power
Utility
AC UPS
ATS
Back-up
Generator
AC
Power
Utility
PDU
Battery
Rack
AC
Loads
DC
Loads
Other AC Loads
Lighting, HVAC
AC UPS
PDU
ATS
Back-up
Generator
Battery
Rack
Rectifiers
Transfer
Switch
DC System
w/ 3 Hr Battery
Rectifier
N+1
Engine
Generator
W = 3.45 x 10-7
Battery
3 Hours
DC System
w/ 8 Hr Battery
Commercial
AC Power
Rectifier
N+1
W = 9 x 10-10
Battery
8 Hours
Commercial
AC Power
Transfer
Switch
AC UPS System
w/ 10 Min Battery
Bypass
Switch
Engine
Generator
W = 3.5 x 10-10
Commercial
AC Power
Transfer
Switch
AC - DC
AC - DC
Engine
Generator
Battery
10 Min.
Ref. AC, DC or Hybrid Power Solutions for Todays Telecommunications Facilities, INTELEC 2000
Customer Preferences
Economics
z
AC UPS
AC Load
Commercial
AC Power
DC
Voltage(s)
Eff. = 0.92
Eff. = 0.85
DC Power
Rectifier
DC Load
Commercial
AC Power
DC
Voltage(s)
Eff. = 0.89
Eff. = 0.88
Traditional Approach:
Two Separate Networks Responsibilities
Converged Network:
Single network responsibility
IT Manager
May not have Facility Manager
(especially in smaller businesses)
Wall power
Needs DC converter for connecting
IP phone to AC wall outlet
(17.3W=15.4W/conversion
efficiency)
TOTAL
4190W Over 5X Increase in
Power
PoE Significantly
Increases the Switchs Power Requirement
AC or DC Powered Switch
AC UPS
z
AC UPS
DC UPS
- 48VDC
PoE
AC UPS
AC
DC
DC
DC
DC
AC
92% eff
96% eff
Battery
120VAC
DC
48VDC DC
AC
DC
DC
DC
5VDC
12VDC
48VDC
Battery
DC UPS
AC
DC
DC
48VDC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
5VDC
12VDC
91% eff
Battery
Battery
DC
Directly
to PoE
48VDC
AC
DC
DC
DC
DC
AC
92% eff
96% eff
Battery
120VAC
DC
48VDC DC
AC
DC
DC
DC
5VDC
12VDC
48VDC
Battery
AC
DC
48VDC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
5VDC
12VDC
91% eff
Battery
Battery
DC
Directly
to PoE
48VDC
High Availability
Power Systems
What is High
High Availability
?
Availability
z
Uptime Institute
Typical Tier Attributes
Bypass
UPS Module
Infrastructure System
Failures
UPS Module
UPS Module
Uptime Institute
Survey of Site Downtime
82% Electrical
Distribution
PDU
PDU
RDC
RDC
Load
Load
Load
Service
Feed
Surge
Suppression
Transfer
Switch
UPS
Module
Power
Distribution
Load
Single Critical
Bus to Loads
Engine
Generator
Load
UPS
Bypass
Service
Feed
Surge
Suppression
Single
Critical Bus
to Loads
Precision
Cooling
Engine
Generator
Transfer
Switch
Power
Distribution
UPS System
Control
Load
UPS
Module
UPS
Module
Load
Power
Distribution
Load
Bus A
UPS System
Cabinet
Service
Feed A
Surge
Suppression
Transfer
Switch
Power
Distribution
UPS
Module
N+1 Engine
Generators
Service
Feed B
Surge
Suppression
UPS
Module
Transfer
Switch
Load
Power
Distribution
Bus B
Precision
Cooling
Load
Engine
Generator
Bus A
UPS System
Cabinet
Service
Feed A
Surge
Suppression
Transfer
Switch
Power
Distribution
UPS
Module
Load
UPS
Module
Service
Feed B
Surge
Suppression
Transfer
Switch
Power
Distribution
UPS System
Cabinet
Engine
Generator
Bus B
Precision
Cooling
Load
z
z
z
z
Utility Source /
Generator 2
Utility Source /
Generator 1
LBS
UPS 1
Uninterrupted System
Maintenance
STS
PDU
Redundancy in DISTRIBUTION
Load
Redundancy in UPS
Eliminate Single Points Of Failure
UPS 2
PDU
STS
PDU
Load
PDU
PDU
PowerTie
Facilitating System Maintenance
Source 2
Source 1
MMU
MMU
MMU
MMU
SCC
SCC
MMU = Multi - Module Unit
SCC = System Control Cabinet
Critical Bus 1
Critical Bus 2
Service
Preventative Maintenance
Identify POTENTIAL problems
Replace limited life components
before failure
Implement safety and
performance upgrades to
products
Utility Source /
Generator 2
Utility Source /
Generator 1
LBS
UPS 1
Remedial Maintenance
Fast Response Time
Repair Parts Availability
z
z
z
z
UPS 2
PDU
STS
PDU
Load
PDU
PDU
ITE Room
Power Distribution
Two
-Stage Distribution Adds Pole Capacity
Two-Stage
and Reduces Under Floor Cabling
Traditional SingleStage Distribution
Two-Stage Distribution
Power
Transformation
Unit
Power
Distribution
Unit
Voltage Transformation
Monitoring
Output Breakers
Voltage Transformation,
Monitoring and
Branch Circuit Breakers
Larger Capacities
126 Poles
Remote
Distribution
Cabinets
IT Loads
IT Loads
AIR
PDU 1A
PDU 2A
Heavy Cable
Congestion Underfloor
PDU 1B
PDU 2B
AIR
PTU A
PTU B
RDC
RDC
RDC
RDC
UPS System
208/120V
208/120V
480V
PDU
Racks
4 to 8 Poles per Rack
15 to 30 Amps Each
UPS System
208/120V or
480/277V
PDU
4 x 42 Poles
Racks
4 to 12 Poles per Rack
30 to 100 Amps Each
UPS System
208/120V
208/120V
480V
PDU
44 x 6kW Racks
24 x 10kW Racks
10 x 23kW Racks
Racks
480V
UPS System
PDU
40 x 13kW Racks
22 x 23kW Racks
10 x 53kW Racks
Racks
Energy Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
z Perceived the greatest opportunities:
49%
Cooling equipment
46%
39%
Storage
19%
10%
6%
Electricity
Transformer/
UPS
10%
Air
Movement
12%
Lighting, etc.
3%
IT Equipment
50%
Cooling
25%
IT Hardware Choices
Cascade Effect
Strategy
Saving
(kW)
1.
91W / Processor
(Average)
70 W / Processor
111
10%
2.
Higher efficiency
power supplies
AC-DC 79%
DC-DC 85%
AC-DC 90%
DC-DC 88%
124
11%
3.
Server power
management
86
8%
4.
Blade servers
All Rack-mount
20% Blades
1%
5.
Server Virtualization
No virtualization
86
8%
6.
Power distribution
Architecture
208V AC
20
2%
7.
Implement cooling
best practices
15
1%
8.
Variable Capacity
Cooling
Variable Capacity
Refrigeration & Airflow
49
4%
9.
High Density
Supplemental Cooling
Floormount plus
supplemental cooling
72
6%
10.
Monitoring and
Optimization
No coordination between
cooling units
15
1%
Total Saving
30%
11%
585 kW
11%
50% +
Server Virtualization
Optimized Racks
Improve Cable Management and Air Flow
z
z
z
Blanking Panels
Increased Door Perforations
Multiple Cable Management
Options to fit site needs
Arrangement of Cabling to
Keep from Blocking Air Flow
Conventional Hot
-Aisle/Cold-Aisle Cooling
Hot-Aisle/Cold-Aisle
Fire
Suppression
Critical UPS
Systems
Pumping
Systems
Critical Power
Distribution
Critical Battery
Systems
Critical
Facilities
Monitoring
System
Fuel Tanks
Security
Switchgear and
ATS
Leak Detection
Generators
Third-Party
Equipment
Down
Up
Down
Time
React!
React!
Repair
Repair
Proactive Action
Down
Planned
Repair
Up
Proactive
Action
Up
Downtime
Eliminated
Time
Predictive Analysis
Performance Monitoring
Battery Monitoring
Patented Battery DC
Resistance
Measurement
Battery Monitoring
Gives You Confidence in Your Battery System
z
z
z
8,740
8,730
8,720
8,710
8,700
8,690
Break-Fix
Monitoring
Proactive
Monitoring
Thank You