1.2.

4 Panhard Rod Beam-Me Suspension

The beam-de suspensions are fiequently equipped with a constraint
linkage such as Panhard rods, also referred to as the track rods. Such restraining
linkages permit nearly vertical motions of the unsprung masses relative to the
body, while limiting the relative roll deflections. The restraining linkages fnher
provide enhanced roll stifiess and lateral stability. A Panhard rod provides lateral
force reactions between the sprung and unsprung masses. It is desirable that the
lateral forces are mostly transmitted dong the lateral ais, while ody a miminimal
wmponent is directed dong the vertical direction. Beam-axle suspensions with
Panhard rods (track bars) are widely used in rear suspensions of road vehicles,
race cars, heavy trucks, and &ont, drive and rear suspensions of highway buses et
al.
Although Panhard rods have been used with bearn-axle suspensions, only
a limited number of published studies have incurporated the hematics and
dynamics of the Panhard rod to the overall suspension and vehicle response
characteristics. George and Sadler investigated the intlumce of diffrent operating
conditions on the performance characteristics of the beam-axle suspension,
cornpnsing three commoniy used straight-lie constraining linkages: Panhard rod,
Watt linkage and Robert linkage. The study was directed towards directional
control performance analysis of a front-engined high pedormance-racing vehicle.
A kinematic analysis was perfomed to derive the influence of vertical and lateral
loads, and wheel displacements on the Mage orientation, coordinates of the
sprung mass center of gravity and roll center, sprung mass roll angle, and
suspension roll stiffiiess [65]. Sadler et al frther developed a systematic
methodology to study the kinetostatic properties of a beam-axle suspension with a
general form of a four- bar restraining linkage 1661. Nalecz and Kaminaga et al
analyzed different linkage suspensions for lightweight road vehicles to determine
the positions of the roll center and sprung mass gravit. center, roll angle and roll
stiffiess as fnctions of the center of gravity height, centrifbgal force, axle
location, vertical loadq etc. These models, however, did not consider wheel
displacement [67-683. Nalecz compared the results of his study with those
report& by Ellis. Another important study on the ride and handling performance
of Panhard rod beam-axle suspension was conducted by Dulac [46]. In his study,
the bearn- axle suspension in the roll plane is modeled as a six degree-of-fieedom
system, while the Panhard rod dong with its bushings was simplifieci and
represented by a linear lateral spring.
Suspensi balok - de yang fiequently dilengkapi dengan linkage kendala
seperti Panhard batang , juga disebut sebagai batang track . keterkaitan penahanan
tersebut mengizinkan gerakan hampir vertikal massa unsprung relatif terhadap
tubuh , sementara membatasi roll defleksi relatif. The penahanan hubungan fnher
memberikan peningkatan gulungan stifiess dan stabilitas lateral . Sebuah batang

Panhard memberikan reaksi gaya lateral antara bermunculan dan massa unsprung .
Sangat diharapkan bahwa gaya lateral sebagian besar ditularkan dong yang ais
lateral, sementara ody sebuah wmponent miminimal diarahkan dong arah
vertikal . suspensi balok- axle dengan Panhard batang ( track bar ) yang banyak
digunakan dalam suspensi belakang kendaraan jalan , mobil balap , truk-truk
besar , dan & ont , mendorong dan suspensi belakang bus raya et al .
Meskipun Panhard batang telah digunakan dengan suspensi bearn-poros,
hanya sejumlah penelitian yang diterbitkan telah incurporated yang hematics dan
dinamika batang Panhard untuk keseluruhan suspensi dan respon kendaraan
karakteristik. George dan Sadler menyelidiki intlumce kondisi operasi diffrent
pada karakteristik kinerja suspensi balok-axle, cornpnsing tiga commoniy
digunakan langsung-lie menghambat hubungan: batang Panhard, Watt linkage dan
Robert linkage. Penelitian ini diarahkan analisis kinerja kontrol arah dari tinggi
kendaraan pedormance-balap bermesin depan. Sebuah analisis kinematik itu
sedian untuk mendapatkan pengaruh beban vertikal dan lateral, dan perpindahan
roda pada orientasi Mage, koordinat pusat massa bermunculan gravitasi dan pusat
roll, bermunculan sudut gulungan massa, dan suspensi gulungan stiffiiess [65].
Sadler et al lanjut mengembangkan metodologi sistematis untuk mempelajari sifat
kinetostatic dari suspensi balok-axle dengan bentuk umum dari sebuah bar empat
menahan linkage 1661. Nalecz dan Kaminaga et al dianalisis suspensi linkage
yang berbeda untuk jalan kendaraan ringan untuk menentukan posisi pusat roll
dan GRAVIT massa bermunculan. pusat, sudut roll dan gulungan stiffiess sebagai
fungsi dari pusat ketinggian gravitasi, gaya centrifbgal, lokasi poros, vertikal
loadq dll model ini, bagaimanapun, tidak menganggap roda perpindahan [67-683.
Nalecz dibandingkan hasil penelitian dengan laporan mereka & oleh Ellis.
Penelitian lain yang penting di perjalanan dan penanganan kinerja suspensi
Panhard batang balok-poros dilakukan oleh Dulac [46]. Dalam studinya, as roda
suspensi bearn- di bidang gulungan dimodelkan sebagai sistem enam derajat-offieedom, sedangkan Panhard batang dong dengan bushing yang adalah simplifieci
dan diwakili oleh musim semi lateral yang linear.