Cr
Mo
WP304
0.08 2
0.045 0.03 1
8 - 1118 - 20
WP304L
0.03 (2)
2
0.045 0.03 1
8 - 1218 - 20
WP316L
0.03 (2)
2
0.045 0.03 1
10 - 14 (3) 16 - 18
23
Notes:
(1) Maximum, unless otherwise indicated.
(2) For small diameter or thin walls or both, where many drawing passes
are required, a Carbon maximum of 0.040% is necessary in grades TP304L
and TP316L. Small outside diameter tubes are defined as those less than
0.50 in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter and light wall tubes as those less
than 0.049 in. [1.20 mm] in average wall thickness (0.044 in. [1.10 mm] in
minimum wall thickness).
(3) On pierced tubing, the Nickel may be 11.0-16.0%.
Frequently used ASTM Grades
Material
Pipes Fittings
Flanges
Valves
Bolts & Nuts
Carbon Steel
A106 Gr A A234 Gr WPA
A105 A216 Gr WCB
A193 Gr B7
A194 Gr 2H
A106 Gr B A234 Gr WPB
A105 A216 Gr WCB
A106 Gr C A234 Gr WPC
A105 A216 Gr WCB
Carbon Steel
Alloy
High-Temp A335 Gr P1 A234 Gr WP1
A182 Gr F1 A217 Gr WC1
A193 Gr B7
A194 Gr 2H
A335 Gr P11
A234 Gr WP11
A182 Gr F11
A217 Gr WC6
A335 Gr P12
A234 Gr WP12
A182 Gr F12
A217 Gr WC6
A335 Gr P22
A234 Gr WP22
A182 Gr F22
A217 Gr WC9
A335 Gr P5 A234 Gr WP5
A182 Gr F5 A217 Gr C5
A335 Gr P9 A234 Gr WP9
A182 Gr F9 A217 Gr C12
Carbon Steel
Alloy
Low-Temp A333 Gr 6 A420 Gr WPL6
A350 Gr LF2
A352 Gr LCB
A320 Gr L7
A194 Gr 7
A333 Gr 3 A420 Gr WPL3
A350 Gr LF3
A352 Gr LC3
Austenitic
Stainless
Steel A312 Gr TP304 A403 Gr WP304
A193 Gr B8
A194 Gr 8
A312 Gr TP316 A403 Gr WP316 A182
A312 Gr TP321 A403 Gr WP321 A182
A312 Gr TP347 A403 Gr WP347 A182
Material
Pipes Fittings
Flanges
ASTM Materials
A182 Gr F304
Gr F316
Gr F321
Gr F347
Valves
A182 Gr F304
A182 Gr F316
A182 Gr F321
A182 Gr F347
Bolts & Nuts
Pipes
A106 = This specification covers carbon steel pipe for high-temperature
service.
A335 = This specification covers seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for hightemperature service.
A333 = This specification covers wall seamless and welded carbon and
alloy steel pipe intended for use at low temperatures.
A312 = Standard specification for seamless, straight-seam welded, and
cold worked welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for hightemperature and general corrosive service.
Fittings
A234 = This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel
fittings of seamless and welded construction.
A420 = Standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel
and alloy steel for low-temperature service.
A403 = Standard specification for wrought austenitic stainless steel piping
fittings.
Flanges
A105 = This specification covers standards for forged carbon steel piping
components, that is, flanges, fittings, Valves, and similar parts, for use in
pressure systems at ambient and higher-temperature service conditions.
A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel
pipe flanges, forged fittings, and Valves and parts for high-temperature
service.
A350 = This specification covers several grades of carbon and low alloy
steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and Valves for lowtemperature service.
Valves
A216 = This specification covers carbon steel castings for Valves, flanges,
fittings, or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service
and of quality suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought-steel
parts by fusion welding.
A217 = This specification covers steel castings, martensitic stainless steel
and alloys steel castings for Valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressurecontaining parts intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive
service.
A352 = This specification covers steel castings for Valves, flanges, fittings,
and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for lowtemperature service.
A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel
pipe flanges, forged fittings, and Valves and parts for high-temperature
service.
Bolts & Nuts
A193 = This specification covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material
for pressure vessels, Valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or
high pressure service, or other special purpose applications.
A320 = Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting
Materials for Low-Temperature Service.
A194 = Standard specification for nuts in many different material types.
The NPS is very loosely related to the inside diameter in inches, and NPS
12 and smaller pipe has outside diameter greater than the size designator.
For NPS 14 and larger, the NPS is equal to 14inch.
Steel Pipes
For a given NPS, the outside diameter stays constant and the wall
thickness increases with larger schedule number. The inside diameter will
depend upon the pipe wall thickness specified by the schedule number.
Summary:
Pipe size is specified with two non-dimensional numbers,
nominal pipe size (NPS)
schedule number (SCH)
and the relationship between these numbers determine the inside
diameter of a pipe.
Stainless Steel Pipe dimensions determined by ASME B36.19 covering the
outside diameter and the Schedule wall thickness. Note that stainless wall
thicknesses to ASME B36.19 all have an "S" suffix. Sizes without an "S"
suffix are to ASME B36.10 which is intended for carbon steel pipes.
The International Standards Organization (ISO) also employs a system
with a dimensionless designator.
Diameter nominal (DN) is used in the metric unit system. It indicates
standard pipe size when followed by the specific size designation number
without a millimeter symbol. For example, DN 80 is the equivalent
designation of NPS 3. Below a table with equivalents for NPS and DN pipe
sizes.
NPS 1/2 3/4 1
1 1 2
2 3
3 4
DN 15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
90
100
Note: For NPS 4, the related DN = 25 multiplied by the NPS number.
Do you now what is "ein zweihunderter Rohr"?. Germans means with that
a pipe NPS 8 or DN 200. In this case, the Dutch talking about a "8 duimer".
I'm really curious how people in other countries indicates a pipe.
Examples of actual O.D. and I.D.
Actual outside diameters
NPS 1 actual O.D. = 1.5/16" (33.4 mm)
NPS 2 actual O.D. = 2.3/8" (60.3 mm)
NPS 3 actual O.D. = 3" (88.9 mm)
NPS 4 actual O.D. = 4" (114.3 mm)
NPS 12 actual O.D. = 12.3/4" (323.9 mm)
NPS 14 actual O.D. = 14"(355.6 mm)
Actual inside diameters of a 1 inch pipe.
NPS 1-SCH 40 = O.D.33,4 mm - WT. 3,38 mm - I.D. 26,64 mm
NPS 1-SCH 80 = O.D.33,4 mm - WT. 4,55 mm - I.D. 24,30 mm
NPS 1-SCH 160 = O.D.33,4 mm - WT. 6,35 mm - I.D. 20,70 mm
Such as above defined, no inside diameter corresponds to the truth 1"
(25,4 mm).
The inside diameter is determined by the wall thickness (WT).
Welded Pipe
Welded pipe (pipe manufactured with a weld) is a tubular product made out of flat
plates, known as skelp, that are formed, bent and prepared for welding. The most
popular process for large diameter pipe uses a longitudinal seam weld.
Spiral welded pipe is an alternative process, spiral weld construction allows large
diameter pipe to be produced from narrower plates or skelp. The defects that occur
in spiral welded pipe are mainly those associated with the SAW weld, and are similar
in nature to those for longitudinally welded SAW pipe.
Electric Resistance Welded (ERW) and High Frequency Induction (HFI) Welded Pipe,
originally this type of pipe, which contains a solid phase butt weld, was produced
using resistance heating to make the longitudinal weld (ERW). But most pipe mills
now use high frequency induction heating (HFI) for better control and consistency.
However, the product is still often referred to as ERW pipe, even though the weld
may have been produced by the HFI process.
Originally this type of pipe, which contains a solid phase butt weld, was produced
using resistance heating to make the longitudinal weld (ERW), but most pipe mills
now use high frequency induction heating (HFI) for better control and consistency.
However, the product is still often referred to as ERW pipe, even though the weld
may have been produced by the HFI process.
The defects that can occur in ERW/HFI pipe are those associated with strip
production, such as laminations and defects at the narrow weld line. Lack of fusion
due to insufficient heat and pressure is the principal defect, although hook cracks
can also form due to realignment of non metallic inclusions at the weld interface.
Because the weld line is not visible after trimming, and the nature of the solid phase
welding process, considerable lengths of weld with poor fusion can be produced if
the welding parameters fall outside the set limits. In addition, early ERW pipe was
subject to pressure reversals, a problem that results in failure in service at a lower
stress than that seen in the pre-service pressure test. This problem is caused by
crack growth during the pressure test hold period, which in the case of early ERW
pipe was due to a combination of low weld line toughness and lack of fusion defects.
Length of Pipes
Piping lengths from the factory not exactly cut to length but are normally delivered
as:
Shorter and longer lengths are available, but for a calculation, it is wise, to use this
standard lengths; other sizes are probably more expensive.
Ends of Pipes
For the ends of pipes are 3 standard versions available.
The PE pipes will generally be used for the smaller diameters pipe systems and in
combination with Slip On flanges and Socket Weld fittings and flanges.
The TE implementation speaks for itself, this performance will generally used for
small diameters pipe systems, and the connections will be made with threaded
flanges and threaded fittings.
Horizontal Reference
Defining a starting point of the site related to the North / South direction, is one of
the first steps in setting up a coordination system.
In principle, with a simple reliable compass the direction of the magnetic north can
to be determined. In the image below the true north is at 18. As a draftsman would
work with the true north coordinates, he will immediately find out that each line
from west to east and from north to south at an angle of 18 must be drawn.
To avoid this, a Plant North will be determined. In the example below, the true
north, 18 is reversed, draftsmen and construction contractors will be grateful for it.
General there will be tried, to approach the true north-south coordinates as close as
possible.
A rule is, that the angle between true north and Plant North can not exceed 45. At
50, for example, the Plant North would be on the right side, so on the Eastern side
of the image.
Vertical Reference
Before starting with any building, the site is leveled (graded), what means that the
ground is made as flat as practically possible. After leveling we talking about
"finished grade", where the highest graded point is termed
"high point of finished grade".
This highest point of finished grade refers to an official reference point on which all
vertical measurements are related. In the Netherlands, for example, many vertical
measurement are in relation to the "Normaal Amsterdams Peil" (NAP). If the field
compared to the NAP is 1 meter higher, usually the reference point will not become a
zero start of 1000 mm, but in this case a zero start at zero(0).
On a isometric view of a pipe line elevations are indicated by EL.109665 or EL.99450
etc..
What is meant by this vertical dimensions ?
The first EL.109665 you can read as: centerline of pipe is 9665 mm above
zero point
The second EL.99450 you can read as: centerline of pipe is 550 mm below
zero point
Well, the vertical zero point in this case is 100 meters (100000 mm), and this has
the advantage that no negative (minus) values on drawings need to be applied.
Orthographic drawings are views (front, side, top etc.) of an piping system, and in
Piping they are called "Piping Arrangements".
An orthographic view shows only one side, and therefore multiple drawings (views)
are necessary to show a complete Piping Arrangement.
In complex systems, where orthographic views do not illustrate the details of the
design, pictorial view in isometric presentation is made for clarity.
Lined piping
Utility piping
Further (if possible) all equipment, instrument connections, with the tag numbers
will be shown on a Piping Arrangement. Important details are often in a larger scale
in the same drawing shown.
Even as a Plot Plan, a whole process plant usually can not be given on a readable
drawing. Therefore the Piping Arrangement show parts of a process plant.
Flanges are shown as thick lines drawn to the scaled outsite diameter of the
flange.
For flanged joints a small gap between dimension lines will be shown to
indicate a gasket.
Valves are shown with identification number and a handwheel is drawn with
stem fully extended. If a valve is lever operated, then the movement of handle
position is given.
Dimensions for flanged valves are given to the flange faces, while non flanged
valves are dimensioned to the center lines of their stems.
CD
PL
101
12
T2
I2
Above description of the line number is only an example. For line numbers are no
standard definitions, and therefore a customer specification can be different from
what is here defined.
The indication 12-314 (Typ) on the valve told that the valve is 12 inches and 314
indicates the type of valve. The same applies also to the valve near the pump, where
DR indicates a Drain Valve.
Typ stands for Typical and means that there is another ore more valves in that
drawing with the same specification. The advantage of this indicator is, that items
with the same specification only once need to be defined.
Furthermore, the red arrow indicates the flow direction, which perhaps is
unnecessary, because the pipe line is connected to the Suction side of the pump.
Note: The connection to the column is Class 600. This change in Pressure Class is
indicated
by a so-called "Spec break" (change of Piping Class Specification). In this case it
means, that the flange that connect to nozzle C1 also must be have a Pressure Class
of 600, and that the material probably not changed.
Another important item is the elevation (given in red) of nozzle C1 from the column.
The elevation EL. 104966 is shown, because the pipe line ends with an eccentric
reducer Bottom Flat (BF). In this case it means, that the vertical centerline from
nozzle C1 is 15.88 mm above the center line of the pipeline.
A eccentric reducer 14 x 12 (355.6 mm x 323.9 mm) has a length of 330 mm and a
center-line difference from 15.88 mm.
3-Dimensional View
More and more engineering companies show Plot Plans, equipment and piping
Summary
A standard Piping Arrangement does not exist.
Like a Plot Plan or Equipment Arrangement, in the development phase of a new
plant, the requirements for the drawings will be made by customer and/or
engineering company.
The 3D view from the Piping Arrangement is simple but it probably shows, for most users, a direct
understandable drawing.
At the end of 2008 I had a job for the design of a new 14 inch pipeline from and between two
storage tanks. Normally I had made isometric views from the new pipe line and orthographic views
of the supports. But in that case, for the first time, I made only 3d views to scale from the
pipeline, valves, supports etc.. I gave the pipefitters and construction workers all possible
views...the job is performed without any problems.
With respect to our "grandfathers", they builded without our current techniques, the largest plants
on earth.
The A size is measured from the front to the center line of the elbow / pipe.
The C size is like the A size, measured from the front to the center line of the
elbow / pipe.
Orthographic view
(double line presentation)
Isometric view
The isometric view shows the same pipe as in the orthographic view.
As you can see, this drawing is very simple and quick to implement. The red lines
show the pipe, the black dots are the butt welds and A, B & C are the dimensions of
front to center line and center line to center line.
The simplicity with which a pipe isometric can be drawn is one reason to made iso's.
A second reason to made isometrics; if a pipe should be drawn in several planes
(north to south, then down and then to the west, etc.), orthographic views really not
an option. In a orthographic view it is not a problem if the pipe runs in one plane,
but when a pipe in two or three planes to be drawn, a orthographic view can be
unclear.
Another reason why isos are preferred, is the number of drawings that for
orthographic views should be made.
For example: for a complex pipeline system, 15 isometrics must be drawn. I've
never tried, but I think for orthographic views maybe 50 drawings are needed to
show the same as the Iso's.
Figure
1 shows a pipeline which runs through three planes. The pipe line begins and
pipe runs up
Figure
pipe runs up
Figure
3 shows a pipe that runs through three planes and in two planes it make a
bow.
Routing starting point
pipe runs up
pipe runs up
Figure
4 shows a pipe that runs through three planes, from one plane to a opposite
plane.
Routing starting point
pipe runs up
Figure
5 shows a pipe, where the hatch indicates that the middle leg runs to the
east.
Routing starting point
pipe runs up
pipe runs up
Figure
6 shows a pipe, where the hatch indicates that the middle leg runs to the
north.
Routing starting point
pipe runs up
pipe runs up
The two drawings above show, that changing from only the hatch, a pipeline
receives a different direction. Hatches are particularly important in isometric views.
Figure
7 shows a pipe, where the hatches indicates that the middle leg runs up and
to the north-west.
Routing starting point
pipe runs up
The primary purpose of the Pipe Fabrication Institute is to promote the highest standards of
excellence in the pipe fabrication industry.
The Pipe Fabrication Institute (PFI) publishes advisory Engineering Standards (ES)
and Technical Bulletins (TB) intended to serve the needs of the pipe-fabricating
industry at the design level and in actual shop operations.
The PFI standards contain minimum requirements; however, the designer or
fabricator may consider specifying additional requirements beyond the scope of PFI
publications. The use of PFI standards or bulletins is voluntary. A listing of PFI
publications follows:
ES2
Method of Dimensioning Piping Assemblies
ES7
Minimum Length and Spacing for Welded Nozzles
ES16
Access Holes, Bosses, and Plugs for Radiographic Inspection of Pipe Welds
ES26
Welded Load Bearing Attachments to Pressure Retaining Piping Materials
ES36
Branch Reinforcement Work Sheets
ES40
Method of Dimensioning Grooved Piping Assemblies
ES44
Drafting Practices Standard
ES1
Internal Machining and Solid Machined Backing Rings For Circumferential Butt
Welds
ES21
Internal Machining and Fit-up of GTAW Root Pass Circumferential Butt Welds
ES24
Pipe Bending Methods, Tolerances, Process and Material Requirements
ES35
Nonsymmetrical Bevels and Joint Configurations for Butt Welds
ES45
Recommended Practice for Local Post-Weld Heat Treatment
ES47
Welding of Internally Clad Piping
ES49
Guidelines for Installation of Integrally Reinforced Branch Connection Outlet
Fitting
ES5
Cleaning of Fabricated Piping
ES29
Internal Abrasive Blast Cleaning of Ferritic Piping Materials
ES31
Standard for Protection of Ends of Fabricated Piping Assemblies
ES34
Temporary Painting/Coating of Fabricated Piping
ES37
Standard for Loading and Shipping of Piping Assemblies
Quality Control
ES3
Fabricating Tolerances
ES11
Permanent Marking on Piping Materials
ES22
Recommended Practice for Color Coding of Piping Materials
ES32
Tool Calibration
ES39
Fabricating Tolerances for Grooved Piping Systems
ES41
Standard for Material Control and Traceability of Piping Components
ES43
Standard for Protection of Austenitic Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Materials
ES4
Hydrostatic Testing of Fabricated Piping
ES20
Wall Thickness Measurement by Ultrasonic Examination
ES27
"Visual Examination" The Purpose, Meaning and Limitation of the Term
ES42
Standard for Positive Material Identification of Piping Components using Portable
X-Ray Emission Type Equipment
ES48
Random Examination
the design phase of any project. It provides the appropriate selection, specification
and material grade of pipe and piping components for a given service.
For all subsequent maintenance and repair on a section of pipe, the piping
specification remains as the key to correct material selection.
Before commencing any job, reference to the piping specification is essential to
specify and use the correct materials. For the job check that you are using the latest
revision of the specification.
Do not rely on "what was installed before must be right" as this is not
always the case! If a discrepancy is found, it should be reported.
Note that a piping specification only applies to the defined plant, site or installation.
Other sites or plants for example can have their own piping specifications and they
are NOT interchangeable.
To use the piping specification, reference must first be made to the Process and
Instrument Diagram. Identify the section of pipe in the P&ID and a line number will
be quoted, e.g:
FW - The service code. This refers to the contents of the pipe. In this
instance, FW refers to Fire Water.
Having determined the piping specification number, turn to the appropriate page in
the piping specification document. There the correct type of gasket, the correct
grade of studbolts, spectacle blinds, blind flanges, pipe material, pipe wall thickness
will be specified for the job in hand.
In the pipe specification are also links to other standards, such as testing, welding,
inspection, painting and so on. You will also find a so-called Branch Table, which tells
you how a branch is to be made.
PIPE SPEC
1-CS-1-P
1 Class 150
CS Carbon Steel
Description
3 = class 300
6 = class 600
9 = class 900
15 = class 1500
25 = class 2500
CA = Carbon Steel Alloy Low-Temp (Killed Steel)
SA = Austenitic Stainless Steel 304SS
P General Process
Non Corrosive
FW = Fire Water
V = High Process Vacuum
A = Alloy 20 valves
PIPE SPEC
1-CS-1-P
Description
PIPING SPECIFICATION
Standard No.: PLC 150
Title: PIPING LINE CLASS 150
Approvals:
Sponsor
Name:
M.C. Donald
A. Lincoln
S. Stallone
Signature:
on org file
on org file
on org file
2014
2014
2014
11-12
11-12
11-12
Date:
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
A. This specification covers carbon steel piping for general non-corrosive gas and
liquid process service.
B. Design limits based on ASME B16.42 Class 150 ductile iron Valves & on EWP's
temperature limit on PTFE in gaskets.
C. Corrosion Allowance: 0.0625 inch.
Maximum Pressure
Sizes
NPS
psig
kPag
barG
1/2-24
250
235
215
205
1724
1621
1483
1414
17.2
16.2
14.8
14.1
Design Temperature
F
-20 to +100
200
300
350
-29 to +38
93
149
177
1.3 REFERENCES
1.3.1 American Petroleum Institute (API)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
MSS SP-25 MSS Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and
Unions
2.
3.
MSS SP-83 Class 3000 Steel Pipe Unions, Socket Welding and Threaded
4.
5.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
NPS
PIPE:
DESCR
NOTE CODE
1/2-2
02
20132
20327
12-24
20327
FITTINGS:
1/2-2
20679
1/2-2
20749
1/2-2
20338
1/2-2
20338
1/2-2
20709
1/2-2
20338
1/2-2
20700
1/2-2
20338
1/2-2
20700
2-24
20334
2-24
20334
2-24
20334
2-24
20334
2-24
20334
2-24
20334
2-24
20334
2-24
20530
O'LETS:
1/2-2
20551
1/2-2
...
1/2-2
20342
2 -6
20340
1/2-1
20015
1/2-4
20715
1/2-3
20343
1/2-2
20551
05
20343
FITTINGS - THREADED:
1/2-2
05
20336
1/2-2
05
20014
1/2-1
05
20699
1/2-2
05
20336
1/2-2
05
20336
1/2-2
05, 06
...
1/2-2
05, 06
20336
1/2-2
05, 06
20336
1/2-2
05
20337
1/2-2
05, 06
20337
1/2-2
05
20343
1/2-2
05
20342
1/2-2
05
20337
FLANGES:
1/2-24
20015
1/2-24
20015
1-2
20642
2-6
20642
FLANGES, ALTERNATES:
1/2-2
1/2-2
2-24
05
20015
...
03
20538
GASKETS:
1/2-24
FLAT RING ASME B16.5-150 F-PTFE 1/16 THK, ASME B16.21 TABLE 4
20586
1-6
FLAT RING ASME B16.5-300 F-PTFE 1/16 THK, ASME B16.21 TABLE 5
20581
BOLTING:
...
20002
...
20002
MISCELLANEOUS:
1/2-24
14
20541
2-24
18
20551
1/2-2
05
...
1-12
20589
NOTE CODE
VALVES:
1/2-2
23, 32,
2061
34
1/2-6
BALL ASTM A216 STL 150 RF PTFE SEATS, GRAPH PKG, Grounded
3-14
1/2-2
2-12
34
2050
6-14
22, 34
2055
1/2-2
3-14
1/2-14
2002
1/2-2
2006
3-12
3-6
24
2057
1-6
36
2085
3-10
33
2055
1/2-6
34
2057
1/2-8
35
2086
2050
31
2062
2092
2003
24
2005
2051
Notes:
06 - EWP's TED site preference, class 2000 threaded FS fittings are made
only in 45 and 90 elbows, tees, and crosses. The class 2000 fittings are rated
same as sch XS/80 (max) threaded pipe. Class 3000 fittings found in existing
lines may be replaced by class 2000.
14 - Line blinds, spacers, restricting orifices, and spectacle blinds shall be per
Standard Details Doc. No...01 thru 04.
22 - These Valves have no flanges but are installed between line flanges with
extra length bolts.
31 - Butterfly Valves NPS 6 & smaller w/ handle; NPS 8 & larger w/ gear
operator. Do not use above 177C service.
34 - Valves with PTFE may be chosen for use in the OXO reactor loop piping.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 Piping, General Notes
See Specification Doc. No...
DETAIL
Doc. No...
3/4
Doc. No...
1-2
Doc. No...
2-6
Doc. No...
8-24
Doc. No...
1/2
Doc. No...
3/4
Doc. No...
1-2
Doc. No...
2-6
Doc. No...
8-24
Doc. No...
Doc. No...
3/4
Doc. No...
1-2
Doc. No...
2-24
Doc. No...
Doc. No...
Doc. No...
Doc. No...
2-24
Doc. No...
2-24
Doc. No...
Doc. No...
6-24
Doc. No...
3.3 FABRICATION
A. See Specification Doc. No..., "Piping, General Fabrication," Specification Doc.
No..., "Piping, General Welding,"
Specification Doc. No..., "Piping, Carbon Steel Welding," and Specification Doc. No...,
"Pipe Weld Inspection & Testing."
3.4 INSTALLATION
A. See Specification Doc. No..., "Piping, General Installation"
3.5 TESTING
A. See Specification Doc. No..., "Piping, General Testing"
B. Vacuum Piping System: Apply Pneumatic Leak Test with internal pressure at 1.5
times the maximum operating external pressure, or minimum 15 psig (103 kPag,
1.03 bar-g, 1.06 kgf/cm2)
C. Category D Piping System: Apply Initial Service Leak Test
D. Normal Service Piping System: Apply standard Hydrostatic Leak Test.
E. Category M Piping System: Apply both a standard Hydrostatic Leak Test & a
Sensitive Leak Test with helium tracer gas.
F. Maximum Hydrostatic Test Pressure: 413 psig (2848 kPag, 28.4 bar-g, 29.0
kgf/cm2)
3.6 CLEANING
A. See Specification Doc. No..., "Piping, General Cleaning"
D or V may be substituted by E.
hole in each pad section for venting (a weld gap is acceptable as a means of
venting).