Ege Catalogue

Carpet
HANDBOOK
Introduction
As a skilled designer, architect, specifier, facility manager or enduser, it is important to make informed decisions when specifying
carpets for a project in order to create a visually pleasing and
long-lasting interior environment.
Purpose
The purpose of this handbook is to provide you with the fundamentals of how carpets are made, specified, installed and maintained.
In addition, aspects such as indoor climate benefits and issues
related to environmental management are presented all the basic
information needed to make informed carpet decisions.
We wish you a pleasant read.
CARPET HANDBOOK
OUTLINE
Introduction
Index
1. What to know when s pecifying a carpet? . . . . . . . . . 1-1
2. Introducing ege carpets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 Development through insight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2
2.2 A mission to create well-being . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
3. Why choose carpets? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Quality means security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Indoor climate benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Hygiene and Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2
Acoustics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Static electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
4. Tufted and woven carpets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.1 Carpet fabric construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Tufting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2
Weaving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Needle punching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
4.2 Carpet construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-6
The face yarn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7
The primary backing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Bonding compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
The secondary backing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Why is specifying carpet backing important? . 4-13
Carpet backing options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-14
5. Product concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
5.1. Contract collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Highline Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Designer collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Highline Specials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-12
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
epoca. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Casa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-18
Modular Carpet Tiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
6. P
roduct specification test and classifications. . . . . . . 6-1
6.1 EN 1307 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-2
6.2 EN fire classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4
6.3 Test symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6
6.4 Suitability with heated floors, ISO 8302. . . . . . . . 6-8
6.5 Castor chair suitability, EN 985. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9
6.6 Static electricity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-10
6.7 Changes in appearance, ISO 10361. . . . . . . . 6-11
7. Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
7.1 What is quality management? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2
8. Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
8.1 Definitions of sustainable development . . . . . . . . 8-2
8.2 Dedicated to sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3
8.3 Environmental policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Greenhouse gas account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
Working environment policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
8.4 Systematic environmental management. . . . . . . . . 8-6
8.5 Environmental management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
ISO 14001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7
EMAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8
DS/OHSAS 18001. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9
8.6 Environmental certificates and registration . . . . . 8-11
CE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
BRE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
LEED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12
BASTA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
Danish Indoor Climate Labelling . . . . . . . . . . 8-13
INSTA 800 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
9. General technical conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Construction data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-2
Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Shading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Pile reversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
10. Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
Installation methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
10.1 Method description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
10.2 General installation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4
General conditions for installation of
patterned carpets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6
A perfectly looking carpet result . . . . . . . . . . 10-6
10.3 Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8
10.4 Recommended tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12
10.5 F itting carpets with latex

backing DLdomestic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
Installation methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
10.6 F itting carpets with contract latex
backing CL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17
10.7 F itting carpets with woven
textile b
acking WT/IP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-20
10.8 Fitting carpets with Acousti Back AB . . . . . . 10-24
10.9 F itting carpets with Comfort backing CF300. 10-26
10.10 Fitting of standard modular carpet tiles. . . . . 10-29
10.11 F itting area rugs and runners
with w
oven textile (WT) backing . . . . . . . . 10-32
Installation method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-32
10.12 Recommended adhesives . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-34
11. Maintenance instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

11.1 Preparing a maintenance plan. . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Preventive maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2
Daily maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
Periodic maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3
CAUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5
Glossery
Bibliography
Index
A
A1fl 6-4
A2fl 6-4
AB backing 4-17, 10-10
Acoustics 1-1, 3-1, 3-3, 4-13, 4-15, 4-16, 5-7, 5-21, 5-22
Adhesive 3-5, 4-6, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-11,
10-14, 10-15, 10-17, 10-18, 10-21, 10-24, 10-25, 10-26,
10-27, 10-28, 10-29, 10-30, 10-31, 10-32, 10-33, 10-34,
10-35
Adjustable carpet cutter 10-13
Allergens 3-2
Anti-bacterial 5-3
Antistatic 3-3, 3-4, 5-17, 6-6, 6-10
Antron Legacy 5-17, 5-21
Appearance 1-1, 3-1, 3-2, 4-8, 4-10, 4-13, 4-18, 5-4, 5-14,
5-17, 5-19, 6-1, 6-2, 6-9, 6-11, 7-1, 10-4, 10-7, 11-1, 11-2
Appearance retention 3-2, 4-18, 5-4, 5-14, 5-17, 5-19, 6-2,
6-9
ATH 4-12
B
Backing 3-5, 4-1, 4-3, 4-4, 4-6, 4-11, 4-12, 4-13, 4-14,
4-15, 4-16, 4-17, 5-19, 6-2, 6-8, 9-1, 10-1, 10-3, 10-8,
10-9, 10-10, 10-11, 10-12, 10-13, 10-14, 10-16, 10-17,
10-20, 10-24, 10-26, 10-27, 10-28, 10-32, 11-4
Barcode Econyl 70 modular 5-19, 5-21, 5-22
BASTA 8-13
Index 1
BCF 4-9
Class 21 6-3
Bespoke 5-12
Class 22 6-3
Bfl 6-4
Class 22+ 6-3
Bitumen 4-14, 4-17, 4-18, 5-19
Class 23 6-3
Black carpet cutter 10-8, 10-12, 10-19, 10-22
Class 31 6-3
Bleach resistance 5-14
Class 32 6-3
Bonding compound 4-6, 4-11, 4-12, 4-13
Class 33 6-3
Boucle 4-5
Classification 1-1, 3-2, 4-12, 4-18, 5-4, 5-19, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4,
6-6, 6-7, 6-11
BRE 8-11, 8-12

Broadloom 1-1, 2-1, 5-11, 5-18, 5-21, 5-22, 10-10, 10-30
Bureau Veritas Certification 8-8
CL backing 4-15, 10-8, 10-10, 10-17

Cleaning 3-1, 3-2, 5-17, 8-14, 10-28, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4,
11-5
Cleaning equipment 11-3
C
Carpet 1-1, 2-2, 2-3, 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4, 3-5, 4-1, 4-2, 4-3,
4-4, 4-6, 4-7, 4-8, 4-9, 4-10, 4-11, 4-12, 4-13, 4-14, 4-15,
4-16, 4-17, 4-18, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-8, 5-11, 5-12, 5-14, 5-17,
5-18, 5-19, 5-21, 5-22, 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 6-8, 6-9,
6-10, 6-11, 7-1, 7-2, 8-11, 8-14, 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, 10-1, 10-3,
10-4, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-9, 10-10, 10-11, 10-12,
10-13, 10-14, 10-15, 10-16, 10-17, 10-18, 10-19, 10-20,
10-21, 10-22, 10-23, 10-24, 10-25, 10-26, 10-27, 10-28,
10-29, 10-30, 10-32, 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4, 11-5
CO2 8-5
Collection 5-2, 5-4, 5-6, 5-7, 5-10, 5-11, 5-14, 5-18, 5-21,
5-22, 5-23, 5-24
Colour fastness 4-8, 4-9, 6-2, 6-7
Combi carpet cutter 10-13
Carr modular 5-19, 5-24
Comfort 2-2, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 4-13, 4-14, 4-15, 4-16, 4-17,
4-18, 5-1, 5-2, 5-3, 5-7, 5-21, 5-22, 8-12, 8-14, 10-1,
10-10, 10-26, 10-28
Casa 5-3, 5-18
Conductive fibres 3-4, 6-10
CE marked 8-11
Conran & Partners 5-8, 5-10
CEN/TS 14159 9-2
Construction data 9-1
CF300 backing 4-17, 10-27
Contract classes 6-3
Cfl 6-4
Contract collections 5-3
CITYSCAPES 5-19, 5-23
Contract qualities 5-4, 5-19, 8-14
Index 2
Index 3
Contra modular 5-19, 5-22
Contra stripe modular 5-19, 5-22

Cosmopolitan 5-4, 5-6
Easy release system 4-14, 4-16, 10-2, 10-3, 10-14, 10-15,

10-17, 10-18, 10-20, 10-21, 10-24, 10-25, 10-26, 10-27,
10-29, 10-30
Creating well-being 2-3
Efl 6-4
Cut pile 4-5, 4-6, 4-8, 4-10, 4-11, 10-8, 10-9, 10-10, 10-12
ege certificate 7-2
Cutting 3-1, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-9, 10-10, 10-11,

10-12, 10-13, 10-15, 10-16, 10-18, 10-19, 10-23, 10-28
ege design bank 5-4
EMAS 2-2, 8-7, 8-8, 8-9
Daily maintenance 4-18, 11-3
Emissions 3-2, 3-4, 8-4, 8-5
Danish Indoor Climate Labelling 4-18, 5-22, 8-13, 8-14
EN 985 6-9
Designer collections 5-3, 5-8
EN 1307 3-2, 4-18, 5-4, 5-19, 6-2, 6-3, 6-11, 9-1
Design process 5-2
EN 1815 6-10
DESIGN SPOT 5-4, 5-7
EN 9239-1 6-4
Design team 2-2, 5-1, 5-12
EN 11925-2 6-4
Dfl 6-4
EN 14041 8-11
Diagonal slanting 9-2
Energy 3-1, 3-4, 8-7, 8-11, 8-12
Disinfectant 5-14
EN fire classification 6-4
Dispatch 5-2, 5-14, 5-18
Environmental impact 2-2, 3-1, 4-14, 4-18, 6-1, 7-1, 8-3, 8-4,
8-7, 8-11, 8-12, 8-13
DL backing 4-15, 10-8, 10-10, 10-16

Domestic classes 6-3
Double cutter Duo 10-11, 10-12
Dry fixation 10-2, 10-3, 10-14, 10-15, 10-17, 10-18,
10-20, 10-24, 10-26, 10-29
DS/OHSAS 18001 8-9
Dye injection technology 3-1
Index 4
ege laboratory 6-2
Environmental management systems 2-2, 8-3, 8-8

Environmental policy 8-2, 8-4, 8-7
epoca 4-17, 5-3, 5-7, 5-15, 5-17, 5-19, 5-21, 8-14, 10-9,
10-16, 10-18, 10-22, 10-23
epoca accent 5-15
epoca checkers 5-15
Index 5
epoca chess 5-15, 8-14, 10-9, 10-22, 10-23

epoca classic 5-15, 5-19, 5-21, 10-18
epoca classic modular 5-19, 5-21
Full fixation 10-2, 10-3, 10-14, 10-17, 10-20, 10-24, 10-26,

10-34, 10-35
FUNKYGRAPHIC 5-4, 5-6
epoca compact 5-15
epoca globe 5-15
Gauge 4-4, 4-12
epoca nordic modular 5-19, 5-21
Green carpet cutter 10-12, 10-16, 10-19
epoca pro 5-15, 8-14, 10-22
Green design 5-21
epoca profile modular 5-19, 5-21
Green house gas 3-4
epoca ribs 5-15, 10-22

Ert 5-8, 5-10
H
Heavy traffic 4-16, 4-17, 5-21, 11-3
Highline Express 5-3, 5-4, 5-7, 5-23
Face yarn 4-6, 4-7
Highline modular definitions 5-19, 5-23
Felt 3-3, 4-14, 4-17, 10-10, 10-20, 10-26
Highline Specials 5-3, 5-12
Felt backing 4-17, 10-10, 10-26
Highline twist modular 5-19, 5-22
Ffl 6-4
High traffic 4-14, 4-15, 11-3
Filament 4-8, 4-9, 4-10, 5-17
HL backing 4-15
Fire resistance 4-13, 6-4
Hygiene 3-1, 3-2
Flame retardants 6-4, 6-5

Flat-woven 4-17, 10-26, 10-28
Floor adhesive 10-5, 10-26, 10-27, 10-28
I
Impervious 4-12, 4-16, 4-17, 5-14, 10-8, 10-9, 10-11
Footstep suppression 4-13, 4-17
Indoor climate 1-1, 2-4, 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 4-17, 4-18, 5-19, 8-6,
8-13, 8-14, 11-3, 11-4
Form stability 4-8, 4-9
INSTA 800 8-14
Freedom of design 2-2, 5-1, 5-12
Installation methods 4-16, 10-1, 10-2, 10-14, 10-17, 10-20,

10-24, 10-26, 10-29
From the cradle to the grave 2-2
Index 6
Index 7
IP backing 4-17, 10-8, 10-9, 10-11
Maintenance instructions 11-1
ISO 105-NO1 5-14
Management review 8-7
ISO 8302 6-8
Marco Piva Rugs 5-8, 5-10, 5-11
ISO 9001 7-1, 7-2
Measurements 6-10, 8-14, 9-1
ISO 10361 6-11
Metropolitan 5-4, 5-6
ISO 14001 2-2, 8-3, 8-7, 8-8, 8-9
Mission 2-3
Isolating properties 4-13
MOD 350 4-16, 4-17, 4-18, 10-1
ISO standards 7-2
MOD 750 4-16, 4-17, 4-18, 10-1
K
Knife with a hooked blade 10-13
Modular 1-1, 2-1, 4-16, 5-3, 5-19, 5-21, 5-22, 5-23, 5-24,
9-2, 10-1, 10-2, 10-29, 10-30, 10-35
Modular express 5-19, 5-23
Monica Ritterband 5-8, 5-11
L
Latex backings 4-14, 10-8, 10-10
LEED 5-22, 8-12, 8-13
Natural fibres 4-7
Life cycle assessment 8-11
Nature/Super Nature 5-4, 5-6
Light fastness 6-7
Needle punching 4-2, 4-5
LL backing 4-15, 10-8, 10-10
Noise absorption 2-2, 4-14
Loop 4-4, 4-6, 4-8, 4-9, 4-10, 4-11, 5-14, 8-14, 10-8,
10-16, 10-18, 10-19, 10-21, 10-22
NONO no noise runners 5-4
Loop pile 4-6, 4-9, 4-10, 4-11, 10-8
Loose laying 10-2, 10-3, 10-14, 10-17, 10-20, 10-24,

10-26, 10-29
Pattern curves 9-2
Low traffic 4-14, 4-15, 10-14
Pattern displaced 9-2

Pattern fitting 9-2, 10-6
Pattern repeat 2-2, 5-1, 5-23, 9-2, 10-10, 10-11
Maintenance 4-18, 5-14, 8-11, 11-1, 11-2, 11-3
Patterns 3-1, 4-5, 5-6, 5-23, 8-1, 9-1, 9-2
Index 8
Index 9
Pattern swings 9-2

Performance 2-2, 4-14, 5-3, 5-14, 6-2, 8-12
Perimeter grippers 4-16, 10-3, 10-20
Periodic maintenance 11-2, 11-3
Philosophy 2-1, 2-2, 5-8
Pile reversal 9-1, 9-3
Pile yarn 4-4, 4-6, 4-10, 4-12
Polyurethane (PU) 4-14
Precoat 4-12
Preventive maintenance 11-2
Primary backing 4-3, 4-4, 4-6, 4-11, 4-12, 4-13, 9-1
PVC 4-14, 4-16, 4-17, 4-18, 5-19
Q
Quality 1-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 4-13, 5-1, 5-2,
5-14, 5-15, 5-17, 5-18, 5-21, 6-1, 7-1, 7-2, 8-3, 8-8, 8-13,
8-14, 10-6, 10-8, 10-12
Quality and environmental department 2-2, 3-2, 8-3
Quality management 7-1, 7-2, 10-6
Safety 1-1, 3-1, 3-5, 5-14, 5-17, 6-4, 7-2, 8-5, 8-6, 8-9,
8-10, 8-11
Secondary backing 4-6, 4-13, 10-1
Sense 5-4, 5-7
Shading 9-1, 9-3
Soft Landscapes 5-8, 5-10
Spinning 4-10
Stain protection 5-14
Staple yarn 4-9, 4-10
Static electricity 3-3, 3-4, 6-10
Stitches per inch 4-4
Sustainable development 2-2, 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-8, 8-12
Synthetic fibres 4-7, 4-8, 4-9, 4-10
Synthetic SBR-Latex 4-14
T
Tackifier 4-16, 10-29, 10-30, 10-31, 10-34, 10-35
Tackifying 10-2, 10-3, 10-14, 10-17, 10-20, 10-24, 10-26,
10-29
Tempo modular 5-19, 5-22
R
Recommended tools 10-12
Test 3-2, 5-14, 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, 6-6, 6-7, 6-9, 6-10,
6-11, 9-1, 11-5
Ruler and knife 10-12
Textile backings 4-14, 4-16

Thermal insulation 3-4, 4-15, 8-11
S
s1 6-4
s2 6-4
Index 10
Tile 1-1, 4-17, 4-18, 5-11, 5-22, 5-23

TPI 4-10
Index 11
1. What to know when

specifying a carpet?
Tuft height 4-4

Tufting 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 4-6, 4-11, 4-12
Tufting machine 4-2, 4-3, 4-6, 4-12
Todays carpet offers you a wide variety of designs, fibres and

colours, and whether you are specifying broadloom or tile for a
corporate office environment, a hotel or public area or rug for a
shop, the task of specifying a carpet automatically involves making
a series of important decisions. These decisions influence both the
final performance of the carpet and its appearance.
Twist 4-10, 4-11, 5-19, 5-22
U
Underfoot comfort 3-4, 4-13, 4-14, 4-15, 4-16, 4-17, 10-10
V
Vision 2-1, 2-3
Visual Texture 5-8, 5-10
W
Warp 4-4, 4-5
Wear resistance 2-2, 4-8, 4-13, 5-14, 5-17
Weaving 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, 4-9
Weft 4-4, 4-5
Considerations
When specifying a carpet, the end purpose of the carpet should

be considered. To best match the carpet to its purpose, you should
consider:

Carpet construction
Design and colour
Broadloom and modular carpet options
Quality and performance requirements
Indoor climate properties (insulation, acoustics, safety)
Environmental properties
The interaction between each of these above-mentioned areas

contributes to the final appearance and performance of the carpet. Thus, considering each area is of importance in order to make
an informed decision. Therefore, do not focus solely on specification but also rely on classification. Why? Because, the carpets
independently verified classification states the result of the interaction between the important elements affecting the carpets overall
performance.
Wet adhesion 10-2, 10-3, 10-14, 10-15, 10-17, 10-18,

10-20, 10-21, 10-24, 10-25, 10-26, 10-27, 10-29, 10-30
Wet fixation 10-2, 10-3, 10-14, 10-15, 10-17, 10-20,
10-24, 10-26, 10-29
WT backing 4-16, 4-17, 10-8, 10-9, 10-11, 10-13, 10-32
X
XL backing 4-15, 10-8, 10-10
Y
Yellow edge cutter 10-13
Index 12
Chapter 1-1
2. Introducing ege carpets

Through determined focus, ege carpets has over the years succeeded in gaining a strong market position as one of the leading
European manufacturers of broadloom and modular floorings for
the commercial market. In our constant efforts to meet the changing demands of the market, challenging conventions and breaking
new ground are pillars in the ege corporate philosophy. With this
chapter you gain insight into our philosophy and vision.
Chapter 2-1
2.1 Development through insight

Performance
requirements
What does ege do differently? We have a strong opinion about

the carpets we manufacture, and we constantly seek to develop
carpet concepts matching high performance requirements in terms
of, among other things, wear resistance, comfort, noise absorption, design and environmental consideration. It is our conviction
that we as an organisation need to make a decisive move toward
sustainable development. Not only because it is the right thing to
do, but because it is in our own long-term interest. In eges quality
and environmental department, the daily work is therefore centred
on finding new ways to improve the environmental impact of production and products.
2.2 A mission to create well-being

Mission
We help our clients means that we enter into dialogue

with our clients and other influential parties in order to
identify what the individual client really needs.
Beautiful and strong means that we have a considered
approach to the collections, concepts and products we
develop and manufacture and that we say no to anything that fails to meet our high standards of design and
quality.
Carpet solutions means that we sell more than just a pro
duct. We sell a package that is adapted to the individual
clients needs as a natural part of the building and space.
Creating well-being means that we have the best interests
of people and the environment in mind when we develop,
design and manufacture carpets.
Guidance from beginning to end
When working with ege, you are guaranteed exceptional guidance

from beginning to end. Each single project is an individual challenge, and we take pride in assisting the client through each step in
the process; from the first thoughts and ideas to the final installation
and further. Our skilled design team is at your disposal to assist
you in creating a solution taking your demands and wishes into
account. Within only 4 weeks after receipt of order, ege is able to
deliver carpet solutions in any design, colour and size.
No limitations
Responsibility
Since being founded in 1938, ege has been driven by three key
words: beauty, strength and well-being. Consideration for the environment has always been a natural part of our work. We feel that
there is more to running a successful business than just achieving
positive results at the bottom line. Continuously improving our ethical, social and environmental responsibilities are equally important.
We wish to run a responsible business which is beneficial to our
employees, our clients, the society and our surroundings. A harmonious interaction between responsibility and business is therefore
an essential part of our corporate strategy.
Total freedom of design
Thanks to advanced production technology, ege is able to offer

clients total freedom of design. Total freedom of design means that
ege has the ability to create design without limitations and without
pattern repeat restrictions. In addition, ege offers a multitude of
colour possibilities which allows for the creation of unique design
solutions for both small and large spaces.
Environmental consideration
At ege, we are determined to take active responsibility for our impact on the environment surrounding us. Thus, environmental work
is an integral part of our corporate philosophy. We continuously
implement measures with the purpose of positively diminishing our
environmental impact. We have therefore implemented stringent
environmental management systems, e.g. ISO 14001 and EMAS,
to help ensure low environmental impact of our production and our
products; from the cradle to the grave.
Chapter 2-2
We help our clients by providing beautiful and strong carpet solutions creating well-being.
Vision
A vision to be in front
We wish to be the trendsetting supplier to the most demanding

sectors of the market.
We wish to be means that we still have some way to go.
Trendsetting means that we aim to be the leading supplier in our field, not only in terms of design and production, but also in the way we sell, manufacture and supply
our products
Sectors of the market means those sectors where we
have a real opportunity to become the market leader and
it is here that we will concentrate our efforts. This means
too, that we opt out of market sectors where the leading
position is not accessible to us.
Chapter 2-3
3. Why choose carpets?
What do we do differently? We have a high opinion of the carpets we supply. Unconditional quality and the sheer joy of great
design drive us.
Identity
With a wide variety of styles, textures and construction types available, carpet is a good choice for almost any interior environment.
When properly specified, installed and maintained, a carpet will
maintain its beauty and durability for many years. In addition, it
adds a number of significant benefits to the indoor climate.
We create more than carpets. We are always prepared to create

stunning floors for spaces that make a difference. Our carpets set
the mood, improve indoor climate and provide long lasting atmosphere and warmth to each single space. Our carpets give the
room its identity, its soul. Thats why.
Carpets are comfortable and bring warmth and well-being to the

space in which they are installed. When choosing a high quality
carpet, you are assured a flooring solution encompassing:
Benefits
Style
Quality
Comfort
Hygiene
Cleaning
Indoor climate
Acoustics
Energy
Safety
Carpets not only provide a comfortable underfoot feel, but also

make the space a safer and more pleasant environment. This chapter elaborates on the above standing factors.
Style
Todays carpet offers a variety of carpet styles and colours allowing you to choose colours and patterns perfectly matching your project, whether it be vibrant and expressive colours,
heavy patterns or organic patterns in neutral, subdued colours.
Dye injection
technology
Using high velocity dye injection technology is an advanced dyeing solution which makes sense in todays demanding commercial
market. By working with dye injection technology, you are offered
a fast, cost effective, cutting edge and high design solution.
Quality means security

Appearance
Chapter 2-4
Reducing environmental impact and improving overall performance

of a product can be achieved in each life cycle stage of a carpet. Ensuring high quality carpets therefore plays an important role
in the efforts to reduce impact on the environment. The longer a
carpet maintains its appearance, the less need there is for replacement and disposal.
Chapter 3-1
No compromises
Quality means security. It means never compromising on things that

matter. To ensure that ege carpets meet international performance
standards, all carpets from ege are tested and certified in accor
dance with the European standard for test and classification of
textile floorings, EN 1307, which rates products on durability and
long term appearance retention.
Thorough testing
In eges quality and environmental department thorough testing

equipment is used in connection with product development activities and in connection with check-ups of existing products to
ensure that all carpets from ege live up to the specifications of the
standard at all times.
Carpets bind dust
Acoustics
Today, many companies and organisations choose to implement
open space office environments. Knowledge sharing, co-operation
and flexibility are but a few of the many advantages to be gained
from implementing such office environments. Unfortunately, without
consideration for a number of elements in the interior design there
may be a downside to the large open spaces.
Indoor climate benefits

Well-being
The vast majority of our time is spent indoors. The indoor environment therefore plays an important role in our general well-being,
health and productivity at work and in our spare time.
Independent scientific studies2 show that carpets nearly halve the

amount of dust in the air compared to smooth flooring solutions.
Carpets bind dust, thus, preventing it from rising up into the air. At
the same time, dust can easily be vacuumed from the floor, leaving
behind a good and comfortable indoor climate.
Sound absorbing
Some of the major indoor climate problems are related to emissions of vapour from building materials and equipment. Studies1
have shown that carpets are better at trapping allergens than hard
surfaces, because carpet fibres catch particles and allergens that
fall to the floor. When allergens are trapped in the carpet, they cannot circulate in the air. Proper cleaning with an approved vacuum
cleaner effectively removes the dirt and dust from the carpet, and
keeps it out of the air.
A study carried out by the Danish National Institute of Occupational Health3 indicates that more than half of all employees working in open-space office environments are negatively affected by
noise. Telephone conversations, footsteps and chairs being pulled
back and forth are sounds which, when ignored in the interior design, may lead to an uncomfortable working environment having
a negative impact on employees ability to concentrate and work
effectively. This may ultimately lead to increased absence. Noise
and poor acoustics should therefore be deadened to create optimal conditions for well-being. Carpets provide good acoustical aid
in the efforts to reduce noise, by absorbing the majority of sound
that strikes them, rather than reflecting it.
Hygiene and Cleaning
Static electricity
We spend many hours indoors every day, whether it be in our

homes or at work. To ensure well-being in these indoor environments, it is worthwhile to carefully consider the interior design and
to set a number of performance requirements in terms of flooring
solution. These should comprise:
Problems with static electricity in the indoor climate are often asso
ciated with the charging of a person and the subsequent unpleasant discharging which may be felt as sparks or shocks. Static
electricity is an inevitable factor. However, by carefully arranging
furniture and appropriate choice of materials, it is possible to reduce static charges to a level that does not cause discomfort.
easy cleaning
comfort
low emission
Proper cleaning is a precondition for proper indoor air quality and
thereby, a healthy indoor climate. Suspended dust particles in the
air may cause a number of symptoms such as eye irritation and air
passages, infections and headaches.
Permantly antistatic
When is a carpet antistatic?
A carpet is antistatic if a person walking on it does not get a shock

when touching an earthed object. This means that the charge that
2 T . Behrens,W. Maziak, S.K. Weiland, P. Rzehak, E. Siebert, U. Keil, Symptoms of Asthma and the Home Environment. The ISAAC I and III Cross-Sectional Surveys in Mnster, Germany, Int. Arch Allergy Immunol Vol. 137, page
53-61, 2005
1 Mitchell W. Sauerhoff, Ph.D. DABT, Carpet, Asthma and Allergies Myth or

Reality, page 8-9, May 19, 2008
3 N
FA (previously Arbejdsmiljinstituttet), Stj fra menneskelig aktivitet et
udredningsarbejde, 2006
Chapter 3-2
Chapter 3-3
Safety
accumulates when the person walks on the carpet remains below

the limit of around 2 kV (kilovolt). A carpet which does not exceed
the 2 kV threshold value is therefore generally acknowledged to
be antistatic.
From an orthopaedic standpoint, carpets are the best of all flooring

types. The soft and springy fibres have a cushion like effect and the
surface adapts itself according to the movements of the foot and
divides the body weight evenly on the joints.
Carpets from ege are permanently antistatic
The physiological effect of carpets can be compared with walking on grass or woodland floors. Leading orthopaedic specialists
recommend carpets because they prevent back pains and injuries
to joints. Due to the orthopaedic advantages it is a sensible choice
to choose carpets in institutions such as hospitals, nursing homes,
old peoples homes and schools.
Carpets from ege contain conductive fibres, which make them permanently antistatic. As a consequence they do not contribute to the
charging of static electricity. On the contrary, carpets divert some
of the charging which normally occurs in places where people live.
Reduce the risk of falls
Carpets are often associated with static electricity, often without

reason. Therefore, the reason for the static electricity should be
found elsewhere, such as from shoe soles, castor chairs or the plastic base of chairs. Tests have shown that getting up from a castor
chair with a rayon cover generates up to 15-20 times the voltage
from walking on a contract carpet.4
Conductive fibres
As we reach our later years, we start to feel more vulnerable.

Often, this is simply due to us feeling less mobile and thus more at
risk of falling. Falls, slips and trips are some of the most common
causes of physical injuries to the elderly, but the risk of these injuries
occurring can be significantly reduced by taking a number of precautionary measures, for example by installing carpets.6
Energy
Thermal insulation
Save money
Walking on a carpet in bare feet is warm and cosy, even on the

coldest day. In comparison with other flooring solutions, thermal
comfort is improved significantly by installing a textile flooring solution. Carpets not only offer warmth in the interior, they also provide
a measurable contribution to heat retention. Carpets provide thermal resistance, as the carpet fibres act as natural thermal insulators
due to their low heat conduction. This means that a carpet does
not draw warmth from your feet as quickly as a smooth flooring
solution, which is why a carpet feels warmer. Additionally, the
surface pile of the carpet, with millions of tiny fibres, traps air and
further increases thermal insulation.
The thickness of the carpet plays an important role in the degree of
thermal insulation. The thicker the carpet is, the greater thermal insulation is gained. A carpeted floor feels warmer, provides underfoot
comfort and does not require the same heating as a smooth surface may. Actually a carpeted floor makes it possible to reduce the
room temperature by 2-3 C without the room feeling any colder.
This means that you save both energy and money, and contribute
positively to reducing green house gas emissions by installing carpets. Carpets with a quality underlay magnifies these benefits.5
Better foothold
A great safety precaution
Carpets provide a better foothold than smooth flooring solutions,

and therefore, the risk of slips and falls is considerably lower in a
room with carpet. The surface of the carpet acts as an adhesive
friction, which lightly grabs the bottom of your feet. For elderly
people and children, a carpet can provide an increased sense
of safety. However, if an accident should occur, the combination
of soft carpet pile and backing makes a carpet a much softer
underlay to fall on than a smooth flooring solution. This makes the
consequence of a fall on a carpet less serious.7
4 Jan Hansen, Hverdagens sm std kan skyldes kunstige stolesder, Ingeniren
6 C
ayless, SM, Slip, trip and fall accidents: relationship to building features
and coroners report, Applied Ergonomics, page 32 (2), 155-62;2001
5 P . Trappl, Teppishbden auf Fussbodenheizungen, Textil-Praxis-International,

June 1981
7 H
ayley, France, Does flooring type affect risk of injury in order in-patients?,
Nursing Times (July), Vol. 90:40-41.
Chapter 3-4
Chapter 3-5
4. Tufted and woven carpets

Carpet performance is determined by a number of variables. For
example, the construction method should be adjusted to fit the
end use purpose and the backing should fit end use requirements.
The most common mistake is to rely on only a single factor when
determining whether a product meets the required specifications.
Therefore, it is of great significance to have sufficient knowledge
of carpet construction and carpet properties in order to select a
carpet solution matching demands of the project in question.
With this chapter you gain insight into the various layers constituting
a commercial carpet, thus, making you well-equipped to make an
informed carpet decision.
Chapter 4-1
4.1 Carpet fabric construction
The tufting process
The primary carpet fabric construction methods applied in todays

carpet industry include:
Below, the key steps in the tufting process are indicated:
Tufting
Weaving
Needle punching
Tufting
Fast production
time
Tufting is a technique invented in America. The first tufting machines

were introduced in 1946. Due to the tufting machines ability to offer fast production time and lower price levels, tufted carpets have
conquered the main parts of the carpet market. Thus, the majority of all contract carpets produced today are tufted, making this
construction method the most prevalent carpet construction method
applied.
What is a tufting machine?
A tufting machine is not a loom. Instead it can be compared with a

giant sewing machine using hundreds of threaded needles placed
in a row across the width of the machine.8
Key steps
Y
arn comes from cones on creel racks (or from big spools
called beams) into the machine
The primary backing feeds into the machine
Yarn and primary backing come together in the machine
Yarn is fed through needles on a needle bar of a tufting
machine
Needles repeatedly penetrate or tuft into the primary
backing
Carpet is rolled onto large rolls for the next step (whether
its to be dyed or to be backed)
Advantages achieved with tufting

Compared with weaving, tufting offers:
Fast production time
Short notice design flexibility
8 The Carpet and Rug Institute, The Carpet Primer, page 1-9, 2003
Chapter 4-2
Chapter 4-3
In addition, the technique offers a wide range of pattern possibili

ties, using e.g. pre- or post-dyed yarns, varying loop height or
using cut or uncut pile.
binding of pile. The backs of woven carpets are usually manufactured of jute and cotton, polypropylene may also be present. The
yarn is usually of 80 % wool and 20 % Polyamide, 100 % wool
or any type of synthetic yarn. Woven carpets are made either with
cut pile or with boucle and offers great choice in terms of colours
and patterns.
Common tufting terms:
Density
Gauge
The density of the carpet is determined by the number of tufts per
inch when counting across the width of the carpet. The density or
positioning of yarn is defined as the distance between two adjacent needle points. For example, an 1/8 gauge carpet has eight
tuft rows per inch of a width.
Loop
Standard gauge
Coarse gauge
1/2
Fine gauge
1/8
3/3
1/10
5/16
1/12
1/4
5/64
3/16
1/16
5/32
Figure 1: Overview of gauge
Stitches
Hight
Stitches per inch

The carpet face weight and density are influenced by the number
of stitches per inch. The number of yarn tufts per running inch of a
single tuft rows in tufted carpet.
Needle punching
Blanket-like product
Several layers of carded fibres are worked together with needles

for a blanket-like product. Needle textile floor coverings are available with or without coated back. They have a smooth surface,
and can be provided with printed patterns.
Needles
Tuft height
Tuft height is generally measured from surface of the primary backing to the top of tufted yarn. Adjustments in this property can affect
the pile yarn weight.
Weaving
There are several methods of weaving and several types of looms.
Weaving is a method in which two distinct sets of yarn or threads,
called the warp and the filling or weft are interlaced with each
other to form a fabric or cloth. The warp threads run lengthways of
the piece of cloth and the weft run across from side to side.
Weaving
techniques
Woven carpets are available in three different weaving techniques,

Axminster, Velvet and Wilton. What distinguish these three types
are essentially the ability to weave plain or patterned, and the
Chapter 4-4
Warp
Weft
Chapter 4-5
The face yarn
4.2 Carpet construction

Understanding how a carpet is constructed assists you in specifying elements which will provide the best carpet performance in a
particular location.
Fibres
Tufted carpets consist of:

Four components
Selection of fibres and yarn affects the end use performance of the
carpet. Almost all carpets produced today are produced from one
of the following six pile fibres. These can be divided into natural
fibres and synthetic fibres as shown below:
Natural carpet fibres
Wool
Cotton
Face yarn (tuft)

Primary backing fabric
Bonding compound
Secondary backing
Synthetic carpet fibres

Nylon/Polyamide (PA6, PA66)
Polypropylene (PP)
Acrylic (AC)
Polyester (PET)
Cut pile
Primary backing
fabric
Wool and cotton
Natural carpet fibres
Wool and cotton are the predominant natural carpet fibres used in
todays carpet production. Cotton is primarily used for rugs and mats
whereas wool is used for both residential and commercial carpets.
Natural fibres
Description
Advantages
Wool
Animal fibre
Renewable
Durable
Secondary backing
Resilient
Bonding compound
Heat insulating
Elasticity/flexibility
The face yarn can be either cut pile, loop pile or a combination
of both. In tufting, the primary backing is a woven or non-woven
fabric in which the pile yarn is inserted by the needles in the tufting machine. The bonding compound is an adhesive which secures the yarn to the primary backing. The secondary backing, or
cushion, is added to provide further stability to the carpet structure.
Various types of high performance backing systems provide additional carpet properties such as imperviousness to moisture and
resistance to edge fray.
These four components of tufted carpets are presented in the following sections.
Anti-soiling
Luxurious feel
Cotton
Vegetable fibre
Wear resistant
Fastness to light
Figure 2: Natural carpet fibres
Man-made means
Synthetic carpet fibres
Synthetic fibres are produced by man-made means and are made

on the basis of chemical connections. The most important raw materials used in the production of synthetic fibres come from the
petrochemical industry which means that important components for
the production of synthetic fibres are taken from oil, natural gas and
other hydrocarbon connections.
9 T eknologisk Institut, Tr og Textil, Tekstil Brugsegenskaber og vedligehold

else, page 9-14, 2008
Chapter 4-6
Chapter 4-7
Synthetic fibres
Description
Advantages
Synthetic fibres
Description
Advantages
Nylon or
A petrochemical based fibre invented in

1938. There are two basic types of nylon
used for carpet production. Type 6.6 nylon and Type 6 nylon.*
Durable
Resilient
Colour fastness
Elasticity
Form stability
Versatile in colour possibilities
Excellent colour fastness
Excellent colour clarity
Polyester (PES)
A synthetic fibre usually produced with

staple fibre and spun yarns which is used
in some carpet fibre.
Strength
Colour clarity
Durable
Anti-soiling
Elasticity
Form stability
Excellent colour clarity
Excellent colour fastness
Noted for luxurious
hand
Polyamide (PA)
Nylon is produced in bulked continuous

filament for use in loop carpets and cut
pile carpets, and staple nylon that is spun
into yarn for use in cut pile carpets. Nylon
is the dominant fibre choice for commercial use due to its wear characteristics.
Polypropylene
(PP)
Also known as olefin fibre. Made from

a by-product of gasoline refining, olefin
has one ingredient: propylene. Since propylene is widely available at a comparatively lower cost than nylon base ingredients, olefin is less expensive than nylon.
Olefin is a lightweight fibre and can
have good bulk and cover. However, the
polymer base creates a soft fibre which
has lower resiliency, a lower melting point
and lower texture retention as compared
to nylon.
Fade resistant
Stain resistant
Favourably priced
Good colour fastness
due to solution dyed
material
Figure 3: Synthetic carpet

fibres10
10
* Nylon Type 6 is developed Figure
by DuPont3:Inc.
Synthetic
and is made
carpet
from one
fibres
base
ingredient: caprolactam. Compared to
Type 6.6 nylon, Type 6 nylon
* N
accepts
ylon Type
dye 6atisadeveloped
faster rate. by
TheDuPont
more open
Inc. and
molecular
is madestructure
from one
of base
Type 6
ingredinylon
allows dye stuffs (and stains) inent:
more
caprolactam.
readily. Common
Compared
spillstoand
Typestains
6.6 nylon,
such asType
coffee,
6 nylon
soda,
accepts
foodstuffs
dye and
at a
11
medicine will stain Type 6 nylon
faster
more
rate.
readily
The more
than Type
open 6.6,
molecular
whether
structure
solution
of dyed
Type or
6 nylon
conventionally
allows dye
dyed.
stuffs
(and stains) in more readily. Common spills and stains such as coffee, soda,
foodstuffs and medicine will stain Type 6 nylon more readily than Type 6.6,
whether solution dyed or conventionally dyed.11
Yarn construction
The carpet fibre is available as bulked

continuous filament yarn. Solution dyed.
Acrylic
Acrylic is a manmade substance, similar

in appearance and feel to wool. Acrylic
became a substitute for wool in a number
of carpets after the 1950s.
Acrylic has satisfactory wear resistance
properties, however, far from the properties offered by nylon and polyester. Seldomly used in commercial carpets.
Wool-like characteristics
Less expensive
Resistant to mould and
mildew
Easy to dye in bright
colours
Fast drying
Fairly stain resistant
Yarns
Complex processes are required in order to produce a single strand

of yarn. Yarn is characterised as a continuous string of textile fibre
applicable for e.g. knitting or weaving. Yarns can be constructed
in various ways and may contain different fibres to provide certain
end use properties.
Textile fibres can be divided into two main groups:
BCF Bulked continuous filament
Staple yarn
BCF
BCF
BCF is an abbreviated form for bulked continuous filament yarn
referring to synthetic fibres in a continuous form. Filament can be
used for either cut or loop pile carpet constructions.12
10 The Carpet and Rug Institute, The Carpet Primer, page 1-9, 2003 + Teknologisk Institut, Tr og Textil, Tekstil Brugsegenskaber og vedligeholdelse,
page 25-34, 2008
11 Antron Carpet Fibre: http://antron.eu/en/content/resources/carpet_
glossary/ant06_03_14.shtml
Chapter 4-8
Chapter 4-9
Staple yarn
Staple yarn are short fibres comprising all natural carpet fibres with
the exception of silk and all synthetic fibres cut into shorter fibres.13
Staple yarn
Solution dyed yarn

Solution dyeing is a yarn coloration process in which pigment is
added to the polymer melt before the fibre is extruded into yarn.
The colour, therefore, is an inherent part of the yarn itself. However,
since colour pigments are added to the polymer before extrusion,
colour choices are more limited than with post-dyed fibres.
Yarn spinning and twist
Yarn spinning is the conversion of staple fibre into spun yarn. The
yarn is made up of short lengths of fibre, either synthetic staple or
natural fibre.
Twist is a yarn term which describes the number of turns per inch
(TPI) and direction of twist of either the singles or plies around their
axes. Twist direction is either right or left handed, also called Z
or S twist. Most carpet yarns have 3.5 to 6.0 TPI. The twist in
the pile yarn combined with a number of additional factors set the
overall performance of a cut pile carpet. Spun yarns need more
twist than filament yarns for good performance. For moderate or
heavy commercial use cut pile, it is suggested that continuous filament has a minimum of 4.50 TPI while spun yarns have a minimum
ply twist of 4.75 TPI14.
Carpet face styles
Various carpet face styles can be selected. Each style has its own
characteristics adding a certain look to the final carpet solution.
Below, some of the most commonly used carpet face styles are
listed and described.
Plush (velour)
A plush is lower and denser than a

saxony. In a plush, each individual yarn
end is less distinguishable than in a
saxony.
Saxony
Has a smooth and level finish. Pile

yarns have more twist so that the yarn
ends are visible. The yarns in saxony
are thicker and have more tip definition.
Frieze
Yarns are extremely twisted forming a

rough and curly textured surface.
Cut and loop pile
A combination of cut and looped yarns

provides a variety of surface textures.
Figure 4: Carpet face styles15

Loop and cut pile construction
On modern tufting machines, the yarn is sewn into the primary
backing fabric by means of a long row of closely spaced needles.
During tufting, a needle twinges through the primary backing fa
bric forming a loop at the bottom of the structure, which are held in
place by small loppers. This is called loop pile structure. For a cut
pile construction, the loop is cut using a knife combination.
The backing is subsequently provided applying a bonding compound which makes sure that the loops are fixed to the carpet.
Needle
Carpet face style
Description
Level loop pile
Loops are the same height.
Multi level loop pile
Different loop heights resulting in a

sculptured appearance or pattern.
Multi level cut pile
The rich-looking cut pile is deep and

luxurious with a smooth, level surface.
Primary backing
Gripper
13 Teknologisk Institut, Tr og Textil, Tekstil Brugsegenskaber og vedligeholdelse, page 38, 2008

15 The Carpet and Rug Institute, The Carpet Primer, page 1-10, 2003
Chapter 4-10
Chapter 4-11
The secondary backing
As illustrated above, the carpet is produced with the primary backing facing upwards. The density of the carpet is determined by the
density of the needles, also known as gauge.16
Important decision
When the carpet is tufted and dyed, and the bonding compound
has been applied, it is time to add the carpet backing to the carpet.
What to look for?
Selecting which pile yarn to choose is an important decision. First,

it is important to take in to account the characteristics of the area
in which the carpet is going to be installed. Then, the degree of
traffic the carpet is going to be subjected to should be considered.
For highly trafficked areas, a wear resistant carpet solution should
be selected.
Whatever carpet type you end up buying, it can be advised to
look for a number of characteristics. Most importantly, emphasis
should be placed on classification rather than on specification.
The reason being that classification, and thus performance of the
carpet, results from the interaction between carpet properties and
not from single elements treated in the specification.
Face
Primary backing
Precoat
Secondary backing
Why is specifying carpet backing important?

The carpet backing plays an important part in ensuring high quality
carpet properties such as:
The primary backing

The primary backing is a woven or non-woven fabric or both
(sandwich) in which the pile yarn is inserted by the needles in the
tufting machine. The primary backing can be produced in either
polypropylene or polyester. The primary backing ensures:
Properties
Carpet strength
Uniformity of the pile surface
Retention of pile yarn during production
Pattern stability
Bonding compound
Carpet
characteristics
Bonding compound is a mix of filler and latex used as a precoat

that is applied to the back of the carpet to tie the yarn to the primary backing. Furthermore, the precoat adds stability to the carpet
and makes it firm to cut. The mix of the precoat determines some
of the carpet characteristics, e.g. how stable it is. If the ordinary
filler is replaced with filler containing molecules of water to be
released during fire, the carpet becomes fire-resistant with a low
smoke formation. The flame retardent filler is called ATH (Aluminum
TriHydrate). The precoat also controls the electrostatic conductivity
characteristics of the carpet and whether it is to be impervious or
not.
16 Teknologisk Institut, Tr og Textil, Tekstil Brugsegenskaber og vedligeholdelse, page 63-64, 2008
Chapter 4-12
Properties
Underfoot comfort
Isolating properties
Wear resistance
Acoustics
Footstep suppression
Fire resistance
Specifying carpet backing should be ranked alongside specifying

colour, fibre and pattern of a commercial carpet. Why? Just as
steel girders are the foundation of a building, the carpet backing
is the foundation of the carpet and thus, holds the ability to add
long-term protection to both the carpets appearance and overall
properties. The carpet backing adds structural stability, shape and
protection.
The durability of the carpet is not only determined by the construction of the carpet, but also by the material, thickness and firmness
of the backing.
Integrated underlay
In addition the carpet backing performs as an integrated underlay,

meaning that additional underlay is not needed prior to installation of the carpet. The carpet can therefore be fixed directly to the
subfloor.
Chapter 4-13
Carpet backing options

Todays carpet market offers a wide range of carpet backing options, such as latex, PVC, polyurethane (PU), bitumen and textile
backings such as woven or felt.
High performance
requirements
ege offers a wide variety of high performance backing alternatives, specially developed to match high performance requirements
of the demanding contract market. The variety of alternatives makes
it possible for clients to find backing solutions matching demands
of any project. eges carpet backings hold different characteristics
which are specified on the basis of end-use requirements such as:

Performance standard
Underfoot comfort
Noise absorption
Traffic suitability
Low environmental impact
Carpet backings from ege can be divided into two backing types:
Latex backings
Textile backings
No softner or
solvents
Latex backings
All ege latex backings consist of water-based Synthetic SBR-Latex

(Styrene Butadiene Rubber). The backing contains neither softener
nor solvents and the latex is protected with antioxidant to ensure
long-lasting properties and is very resistant to break down of the
latex during use.
Backing type
Use areas
Installation method
Approx.
thickness
Density
CL Contract
Latex
High traffic areas

Contract
Direct stick
ege easy release system
1.5 mm
Dense
DL Domestic Low traffic areas

Latex
Domestic
HL High
Latex
Loose lay below 25 m 3 mm

Direct stick above 25 m
Soft
Low traffic areas

Loose lay below 25 m 4 mm
Domestic, Hotel rooms Direct stick above 25 m
Soft
XL XTra High Low traffic areas

Loose lay below 25 m 4.5 mm
Latex
Soft
LL Luxury
Latex
Soft
Low traffic areas

Loose lay below 25 m 6.5 mm
CL Contract Latex
The CL backing is a dense latex backing suited for high traffic contract use. The backing offers performance benefits ensuring good
underfoot comfort, improved acoustics and enhanced ergonomics.
In addition, the CL backing offers castor chair suitability, making
the backing highly suited for use in heavily trafficked areas.
The backing is created as an integrated underlay, meaning that no
additional underlay is required. The carpet can therefore be fixed
directly to the subfloor.
DL Domestic Latex
The DL backing is developed for low traffic areas, such as residential areas, to increase underfoot comfort and sound absorption.
The soft carpet backing in combination with the textile carpet surface allows for a reduction of room temperature of approximately
2-3 C without the room feeling colder.
The reduction of temperature is made possible due to the carpets
good insulating properties which, in comparison to other flooring
solutions, keep heat in more effectively. The carpet fibres act as
natural thermal insulators due to low heat conduction. This means
that a carpeted floor does not draw warmth from the feet to the
same extent as hard flooring solutions. Additionally, the surface
pile of the carpet, containing millions of tiny fibres, traps air which
further increases thermal insulation.
HL High Latex
The HL backing is suited for low traffic areas such as guest bedrooms in hotels. The high latex backing provides high underfoot
comfort. The soft and springy fibres add a cushion like effect to the
floor surface. The soft construction makes it possible for the surface
to adapt itself according to the movements of the foot and thus,
divides the body weight evenly on the joints.
XL Extra Latex
The XL backing is suited for low traffic areas, such as residential
areas or guest bedrooms in hotels. The thickness of the backing
provides underfoot comfort, acoustical absorption and thermal insulation.
LL Luxury latex
The LL backing is a latex backing, suited to low traffic areas, such
as hotel bedrooms. The backing offers performance benefits ensuring luxurious underfoot comfort, improved acoustics and enhanced
ergonomics. In comparison with CL, LL is less dense and is specially suited for use in guest rooms in hotels.
Figure 5: List of latex backings

Chapter 4-14
Chapter 4-15
Textile backings
All textile backings consist of polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA),
polyester (PES), or blends. All are PVC free.
Backing type
Use areas
Installation methods
Approx.
thickness
Material
WT Woven
Textile
Heavy traffic
Contract
Direct stick
Double stick on underlay
Stretched on grippers
1.5 mm
PP
IP Impervious
Heavy traffic
Contract
Direct stick
1.5 mm
PP
AB Acousti Back
Heavy traffic
Contract
Direct stick
Wet Fixation
4 mm
PA+PES
MOD 750
modular
Heavy traffic
Contract
Tackifier
6.5 mm
PES
MOD 350
modular
Heavy traffic
Contract
Tackifier
2.6 mm
PES
CF300 Comfort
Back
Heavy traffic
Contract
Direct stick & seam sealing 7 mm

ege easy release system &
seam sealing
PES
Figure 6: List of textile backings

WT Woven textile
Carpets with WT backing are suited for all living quarters, corridors and stairs. However, the WT backing is especially suitable
for the contract market, e.g. in business premises where strict demands are imposed on the resistance of the carpet from loads such
as chairs fitted with castors. This makes it perfect for conference
rooms, offices, hotels, restaurants, bars and institutions.
The WT backing is woven in 100 % polypropylene and offers
performance benefits, ensuring good underfoot comfort, improved
acoustics and enhanced ergonomics. In addition, the WT backing
offers castor chair suitability making the backing highly suited for
use in heavily trafficked areas.
The WT backing can be fixed directly to the subfloor. When greater comfort is required, the carpet can be installed on additional
underlay either as double stick or stretched on perimeter grippers.
Installation on perimeter grippers is a craftsmans installation technique, which provides a cushion like effect when walking over the
Chapter 4-16
carpet, increased footstep suppression, high strength and elasticity,

resistance to heavy traffic and finally a simple and quick replacement of the carpet.
IP Impervious
The IP backing possesses the same product characteristics as the
WT backing. The IP backing is highly suited for installation in areas
prone to dampness from spills. The backing fulfils industry requirements by the National Health Specification, NHS, in terms of resistance to spills. The unique impervious backing, thus, ensures that no
water spillage gets through to the subfloor, preventing expensive
floor damage. This makes the IP backing ideal for nursing homes,
hospitals and health clubs.
AB Acousti Back
Proper acoustic properties set the foundation of a good and healthy
indoor climate. A carpeted floor is a great sound absorber and
thus, acts as an acoustical aid in terms of footstep suppression and
acoustical absorption. The AB backing is a specially developed
felt backing consisting of polyester bringing special attention to
the importance of good acoustic properties in the indoor climate.
Carpets with AB backing are suited for most living quarters, such
as ships, halls, corridors, hotel rooms and conference rooms.
CF300 Comfort back
The CF300 backing is specially developed for eges epoca flatrib
concepts. The specially developed backing is produced in 100%
PVC free textile material. The backing offers good underfoot comfort and acoustical properties in terms of footstep suppression and
acoustical absorption. Thus, CF300 is suited to places imposing
high demands on the ability of the carpet to resist high use levels,
and the special felt backing makes this carpet suited for places in
which good acoustic properties are given high priority.
Flat-woven carpets with CF300 backing are ideal for non-residential areas such as offices, corridors, hotels, restaurants, shops and
institutions.
MOD 350
MOD 350 is an alternative felt backing for carpet tiles, thinner than
MOD 750. This means that MOD 350 is harder than MOD 750.
Furthermore it is produced in 100 % textile material free of PVC
and bitumen. MOD 350 is suited for heavy contract use.
MOD 750
All carpet tiles from ege can be produced with eges patented
MOD 750 carpet tile backing, produced in a 100 % textile ma-
Chapter 4-17
5. Product concepts
terial free of PVC and bitumen. MOD 750 is suited for heavy
contract use.
With an aim of being the trendsetting supplier to the most demanding parts of the market, ege is continuously on the lookout for new
trends and developments within the business. A strategy which also
highly influences the way new carpet concepts are developed.
In addition to providing good indoor climate properties, all ege tile

concepts are produced with consideration for the external environment. High demands are imposed on the environmental impact
during the entire lifecycle of the product: From development, production and installation to use, maintenance and disposal.
The MOD 750 and MOD 350 backings from ege offers:
Benefits
Description
Improved installation
Lighter and easier to handle with no scuff marks to skirtings and door jambs
High flexibility
Easy to handle, install and replace
Low weight
Low transportation costs and easy to handle
Improved ergonomics
High comfort level due to absorption of foot impact
Improved indoor climate
Approved in accordance with the Danish Indoor Climate

Labelling
Advanced dyeing
plants
Total freedom of
design
Improved sound absorption Improved working environment by reducing the impact of

noise
Long-term appearance
retention
Approved in accordance with EN 1307
Anti-soil protection
Facilitating daily maintenance
High wear performance
Suitable for heavy use
Approved fire classification
Tested and classified in accordance with EN 13501-1

standard
Design flexibility
Unique carpet solutions by combining tiles in different

colours
Figure 7: Carpet tile benefits
Technological lead
At ege, we have long-standing tradition of applying the latest technology available within carpet production, and we have one of
the most advanced dyeing plants for textile floorings at our disposal. With great know-how, specially developed fabrics, innovative design possibilities and highly effective logistics, we are able
to offer each client the possibility of creating individual and unique
carpet solutions even in very small quantities.
Anything is possible
ege has developed a wide range of carpet concepts bringing

special attention to the importance of quality and design. Anything
is possible. Even standard designs are unique and offered in a
wide range of colour shades. When co-operating with ege, you
are guaranteed total freedom of design. This means that any idea,
no matter how creative and abstract, can become an aesthetically
pleasing textile flooring solution, uniting unique individuality with
high comfort.
The ege design team
Should advice or inspiration be needed for a project, the ege

design team is always ready to assist in creating proposals for
individual carpet designs.
Qualified designers
Together, the designers cover a broad spectrum of qualifications.

Some of the designers are professionally trained textile designers
while others are technical designers. Thanks to advanced techno
logy, ege designers are capable of developing unique designs
and colours which match both budget requirements and the style
of the interior.
Advanced technology gives us total freedom of design and colours.
Therefore, only the imagination limits what is possible. With ege
you achieve:

Chapter 4-18
Design without limitations

No pattern repeat restrictions
All the colours of the rainbow
The ability to create unique expressions
Design solutions for spaces of any size
Chapter 5-1
IDEA
DEVELOPMENT
SAMPLES
APPROVAL
ORDER
PRODUCTION
DELIVERY
RESULT
The design process
5.1. Contract collections
1. IDEA: Your ideas and thoughts are presented and the design
process begins.
2. DEVELOPMENT: The carpet solution is created. Designs,
colours and qualities are considered.
3. SAMPLES: Carpet samples in the exact carpet quality are
made and colours and designs are subsequently adjusted
until the client is satisfied.
4. APPROVAL: The client approves the design, colours and
quality.
5. ORDER: The order is placed.
6. PRODUCTION: Less than three weeks from receipt of order,
the final carpet is ready for dispatch.
7. DELIVERY: The carpet is delivered and ready for installation.
8. RESULT: The carpet is installed and identity, comfort and
atmosphere are added to the space.
In a market, where style and expression are constantly changing,

being able to offer design solutions matching different needs and
purposes is of great significance. To ege, it is a matter of being
able to offer unique carpet solutions fulfilling the individual needs
of the client and to dare to break with conventions.
Now that you have been introduced to the design process the
rest of this chapter is dedicated to introduce our different contract
concepts and collections.
Each concept is initially introduced by a detailed figure enlisting
qualities, features and benefits of the different collections in the
present concept. This is followed by a description of each collection in a few words.
Chapter 5-2
For the contract market, ege has developed a wide range of carpet
concepts tailored to fit the requirements of a demanding market.

Highline Express
Designer collections
Highline Specials
Performance
epoca
Casa
Modular
Most carpet concepts from ege can be produced in different qualities to match budget and demands in terms of wear-resistance, footstep noise suppression, comfort, insulating properties, fire-resistance
performance and anti-bacterial properties. These demands can all
be met without limiting the clients freedom in terms of colours and
design.
Chapter 5-3
Highline Express
Highline Express
With the ege Highline Express concept, it is possible to choose between thousands of designs from the ege design bank and experiment with colour keys to create expressions tailored to each project.
The Highline Express designs can be produced in a variety of
contract qualities which are compliant to the very latest and most
stringent of standards for wear life classification and long term
appearance retention EN 1307. The Highline Express concepts
consist of the following collections:
Cosmopolitan
Metropolitan
Nature/Super Nature
FUNKYGRAPHIC
NONO no noise runners
Sense
DESIGN SPOT*
* DESIGN SPOT is not included in the figure, since each collection

under DESIGN SPOT may differ from each other in qualities,
benefits and features.
Sense RF52751355
Chapter 5-4
Highline
Highline
Highline
Highline
1400 g/m 1100 g/m 1100 g/m 910 g/m
Highline
750 g/m
Highline
630 g/m
Highline
loop E16
Highline
loop
80/20
wool rich
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
80/20
wool rich
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
Recolour
options
No minimum Sample
order
service
requirements
Dispatch
Cosmopolitan
24 hours
1,5 week
Metropolitan
24 hours
1,5 week
Nature/
Super Nature
24 hours
1,5 week
FUNKYGRAPHIC
24 hours
1,5 week
NONO no
noise runners
24 hours
1,5 week
Sense
24 hours
1,5 week
Figure 1: Quality overview, features and benefits Highline Express
RF5285064
RF5295150
Cosmopolitan
Metropolitan
RF52952332
Nature/Super Nature
RF5275082
FUNKYGRAPHIC
RF52754719
RF52751367
NONO no noise runners Sense
NONO noise runners
The Cosmopolitan collection
With more than 253 designs available in 637 colour versions, the
Cosmopolitan Collection is a perfect choice for creating variations
on a theme. With floral decorations and embroideries, modern ara
besque ornaments, majestic banqueting and multicultural designs,
the classic patterns create historical ambiances and remarkable
interiors. All with matching borders, runners and corridors, which
can be combined in complex buildings without compromising on
neither the colour theme nor on the style chosen for the space.
The NONO noise runners concept is an ideal solution for solving

problems associated with poor acoustics in rooms with many hard
surfaces and where an extensive renovation is either not feasible or
wanted. The collection is available in both Highline Express and
epoca. Highline Express runners are available in 24 designs, while
epoca runners are available in 8 qualities.
Sense
Sense is a multifunctional collection offering a multitude of trendy

design possibilities ranging from organic and wavy lines to stringent and linear designs. The collection offers 54 unique designs
in 133 contemporary colour versions. Having used the five sen
ses; hear, sight, taste, smell and touch as source of inspiration, the
Sense collection succeeds in capturing the peaceful tranquillity of
nature while adding style, comfort and expression to the interior.
The Metropolitan collection
The Metropolitan Collection is a multi-functional collection offering

a multitude of trendy design possibilities perfectly suitable for both
hospitality and commercial projects. Organic circles, linear expressions, strict squares, tartan structures and modern abstracts together
form this indispensable design source, which is the ideal choice
for creating a supporting, subdued style or a space of vibrant and
energetic colours. Metropolitan is available in 142 designs and
697 colour versions.
DESIGN SPOT
Nature/Super Nature
The Nature/Super Nature collection is inspired by the nature surrounding us, stretching from lifelike photographic images to graphic
abstracts of nature. Nature/Super Nature is a unique concept,
offering a multitude of design possibilities perfectly suited for a
wide range of interior design projects. A contemporary collection
composed of 37 designs and 127 colour versions reflecting current
trends and making it easy to create innovative interiors.
From Tribal Poetry
DESIGN SPOT can be compared to the product development

known from within the fashion industry. As opposed to our additional highline collections, the DESIGN SPOT concept is intended
as a collection with a relatively short lifespan, meaning that once
or twice a year, a new collection will be developed with the purpose of replacing the old. This is to ensure that the DESIGN SPOT
concept always features the latest and most trendy design expressions. The concept is intended to showcase eges ongoing interpretation of the seasons hottest trends and tendencies and aims to
highlight eges position as a trendsetting supplier of textile designer
floor coverings.
FUNKYGRAPHIC
Reflecting current trends and high fashion impulses, the FUNKYGRAPHIC collection from ege makes it easy to create innovative
interior design concepts.
The collection presents 27 different designs in 185 colour versions, which are created on the basis of a graphical retro style
and spiced with oblique angles and new ways of seeing things.
FUNKYGRAPHIC is a trendy, hip and all the way through unconventional design collection.
Chapter 5-6
Chapter 5-7
Co-operating with creative souls such as artists and designers has

been part of the corporate philosophy at ege for many years.
These partnerships allow us to see and explore new possibilities in
terms of carpet designs. Over the years, some of these many collaborations have resulted in unique designer collections:
Ert
Visual Texture by Conran & Partners
Soft Landscapes by Marco Piva
Marco Piva Rugs
Monica Ritterband contract
Visual Texture by Conran & Partners RF52851233
Chapter 5-8
Ert
Highline
Highline
Highline
Highline
1400 g/m 1100 g/m 1100 g/m 910 g/m
Highline
750 g/m
Highline
630 g/m
Highline
loop E16
Highline
loop
80/20
wool rich
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
80/20
wool rich
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
Recolour
options
No minimum Sample
order
service
requirements
Visual Texture by
Conran & Partners
Soft Landscapes
by Marco Piva
Marco Piva Rugs
24 hours
1,5 week
24 hours
1,5 week
24 hours
1,5 week
2,5 weeks
24 hours
Figure 2: Quality overview, features and benefits Designer collections
RF5220124
Ert
RF52201002M
Visual Texture
by Conran & Partners
RF5222100S
Soft Landscapes
by Marco Piva
060605549
Marco Piva Rugs
056254530
Monica Ritterband
contract
Dispatch
RF52751367
1,5 week
Ert
The famous Russian couturier and artist Ert had major influence
on the style and design of the 20th Century, and his achievements
earned him the title Father of Art Deco. The influence of Erts
style and the demand for his art live on. The designs in the Ert
Collection are inspired by his work and are available with ege
exclusively in 36 designs and 387 colour versions.
Visual Texture by Conran & Partners
The Visual Texture collection by Conran & Partners is a reflection of

the classic Conran design ethos and a showcase of eges unique
technology. The collaboration between the two companies has
allowed for a rare freedom in design of floor covering.
Specially formulated dyes from ege allowed for total freedom to
design a broad and eclectic range with a multitude of inspirations.
The designs can be scaled and customised to suit the size, shape
and style of any application. Highlight features, borders, corridor
and runner solutions are included as standard for almost all designs. The collection consists of 27 design families in 440 colour
versions.
Soft Landscapes by Marco Piva
Original, hand painted designs of the Italian architect Marco Piva

have been restyled in the graphic filters of the computer, multiplied
and changed into great and complex scenarios soft landscapes.
Here, original textures and colours have taken on new dimensions
and intensity.
The 15 designs in the collection are available in 4 sizes; S, M, L
and some in XL. The designs can easily be recoloured by using
colours from one of the four ege standard colour palettes.
Impressions from Marco Pivas many journeys were gathered in

paintings and elaborated through computer processes. These have
generated an original and artistic scenery, which through the use
of unique and dynamic colour schemes represent the emotional
route of his journeys. The collection consists of 23 different designs
in an exciting selection of trendy colours.
Marco Piva Rugs are available in various sizes to match any interior design concept.
Rectangular rugs: 250 x 300 cm, 200 x 300 cm, 165 x 235 cm,
140 x 200 cm
Square/circular rugs: 400 x 400 cm, 200 x 200 cm
The Danish multi artist Monica Ritterband has designed the Dancers
collection, available as broadloom, rugs and tiles. With tiles, the
client is able to choose not only combination of designs and colours but also the size and shape of the rug or carpet.
Tiles can be used as a wall-to-wall solution or combined as a rug
on a wood or stone floor. The carpet tile concept provides the
opportunity of creating a work of art on the floor a dynamic
work of art which easily can bechanged. Tiles can be placed in
a rectangle or in an L shape and they can easily be removed to
change either the shape or colour combination.
With Dancers, ege breaks with conventions and sets new standards for the design, size, colour and shape of carpets. The collection is an excellent example of eges tradition of breaking new
ground by collaborating with artists to produce innovative and unconventional carpet designs.
Marco Piva Rugs
Following the Soft Landscapes collection, it was a natural step for

both Marco Piva and ege to continue a story already begun. This
has resulted in a stunning collection of fitted rugs.
Designs and colours interact in a harmonious manner even within
the most complex interior designs of areas destined for public use.
A number of the designs in the collection evoke imaginary spaces.
Others derive from the transformation of real images, objects, landscapes and textures.
Chapter 5-10
Chapter 5-11
Highline Specials
eges Highline Specials concept makes it easy to create individually designed carpet solutions and colours.
Highline Specials
Total freedom of design truly bespoke solutions
Literally everything is possible with the Highline Specials concept.

The ege design team is always prepared to assist the client in finding the best carpet solution. This allows for total freedom to create
flooring solutions matching any project, no matter the style.
Automotive Helmond Netherlands
Chapter 5-12
Highline
Highline
Highline
Highline
1400 g/m 1100 g/m 1100 g/m 910 g/m
Highline
750 g/m
Highline
630 g/m
Highline
loop E16
Highline
loop
80/20
wool rich
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
Highline
Specials
80/20
wool rich
100 %
Polyamide
100 %
Polyamide
Figure 3: Quality overview Highline Specials
Bowlcenter France
Sublim Eiffel France
epoca
Performance
Performance 0600216
Specifying carpet for healthcare facilities and areas exposed to
disinfectants requires a carpet which complies with a set of specific
requirements, including durability, appearance retention, maintenance and safety.
Performance is a unique carpet concept specially developed for
areas imposed to high performance requirements. ege Performance
twins high protection and great style with outstanding performance
benefits, making the collection an ideal choice for hospitals, nursing
homes, health clubs and hotel rooms, which all are subjected to
high demands in terms of ensuring a visually pleasing, safe and
long-lasting flooring solution. Performance is available in 18 designs and 492 colour versions.
Choosing ege Performance you are guaranteed a flooring solution
offering:

High wear resistance

Easy maintenance
High stain protection
Bleach resistance (fulfilling test standard of ISO 105-NO1)
Impervious
Antimicrobial properties
A wide range of design options
No minimum order
requirements
Heavy use
Performance Cut
Performance Loop
Extra
heavy use
Sample
service
Dispatch
4 days
2,5 weeks
4 days
2,5 weeks
epoca compact
Scandinavian design is truly unique. It is visionary and built on
the beauty of strong, progressive craftsmanship.LikeScandinavian
quality design, eges epoca concept is well-establishedthroughout
the world.
Inspired by Scandinavian minimalism, the epoca concept is a perfect choice for modern and elegant office environments, which call
for something extra.
The epoca concept consists of9 different textures, each available

in many exhilarating colour shades. The epoca concept consists of:

epoca
epoca
epoca
epoca
epoca
epoca
epoca
epoca
Figure 4: Quality overview, features and benefits Performance
Chapter 5-14
Chapter 5-15
classic
pro
compact
globe
accent
chess
checkers
ribs
Colours
Recolour options
from 200 m2
Stock qualities CE marking
No minimum
Extra
order requirements heavy use
Sample
service
Dispatch*
epoca classic
30
24 hours
2,5 weeks
epoca pro
17
24 hours
2,5 weeks
epoca compact
17
24 hours
2,5 weeks
epoca globe
17
24 hours
2,5 weeks
epoca accent
13
24 hours
2,5 weeks
epoca chess
16
24 hours
2,5 weeks
epoca checkers
18
24 hours
2,5 weeks
epoca ribs
18
24 hours
2,5 weeks
Figure 5: Features and benefits of the different epoca collections

* Small orders from stock within 24 hours
epoca checkers
epoca collections
Carpets with high quality carpet fibres

Offices, schools, hotels and public areas all buildings have a
set of unique flooring requirements. How the carpets perform in
day-to-day use depends on the fibres used. A selected number
of eges epoca collections contains Antron Legacy carpet fibres
making them highly suited for use in highly trafficked commercial
premises. The hollow filament of the carpet fibre ensures optimal
light scatter, making dirt less visible, while the smooth structure prevents dirt from adhering to the carpet, thus providing a long lasting
aesthetic appeal.
Antron Legacy carpet fibre offers:
Effective noise reduction

Low degree of soiling
Easy cleaning
Durability, wear resistance, resilience
Appearance retention
Antistatic properties
Heat and safety benefits
n
n
t
epoca classic
Chapter 5-17
Casa
Modular Carpet Tiles
Casa is a broadloom collection aimed at clients who need a carpet solution more affordable than eges regular design products. It
is a flat woven broadloom carpet aimed at the contract marked.
Casa is a 100 % solution dyed product made of 100 % solution
dyed Polyamide.
Modular by ege is a concept of 48 x 48 cm modules offering

high flexibility and numerous design options. All concepts, except
CITYSCAPES, can also be delivered in 96 x 96 cm modules. The
concept offers a wide range of modular stock designs in various
textures and colours. The ege modular concept consists of both
ground colours and strong effect colours matched to complement
each other. In this way, colours can easily be combined to create
unique and stunning flooring solutions.

Modular by ege contributes to a healthy indoor climate due to the
patented 100 % textile modular backing material without PVC,
bitumen or glass fibre scrims.
The modular collections:
Casa distinguishes itself by being cheaper than eges other pro

ducts and by being less flexible. The reduced flexibility is primarily
seen in terms of requirements for special colours where the minimum order requirement is 20.000 m.
Casa withstands soiling, frequent spills and stains, exposure to intense sunlight, and harsh chemicals. It is available in 5 colours
aimed at the commercial marked.
Casa Colours Recolour

0653
options
Casa
From
20.000 m
No minimum order
requirements
Extra
heavy
use
Figure 6: Quality overview, features and benefits Casa

* New production takes 8 weeks
Sample
service
Dispatch
24 hours 24 hours*
epoca classic modular

epoca profile modular
epoca nordic modular
Barcode Econyl 70 modular
Contra modular
Contra stripe modular
Highline twist modular
Tempo modular
Modular express
CITYSCAPES
Highline modular definitions
Carr modular
Modular carpet tiles can be produced in a variety of contract

qualities which are compliant to the very latest and most stringent
standards for wear life classification and long term appearance
retention EN 1307.
The tiles can be moved or removed when required. The tiles allow
easy, flexible access to the floor underneath at any time. In this
way, the carpets provide access to the cables and leads located
in the floor underneath. This makes it easy to undertake repairs or
new installations without having to shut down an entire area.
Chapter 5-18
Chapter 5-19
Highline
1400 g/m
Highline
1100 g/m
Highline
630 g/m
Highline
loop E16
Highline
loop
MOD
750
MOD
350
80/20
wool rich
100%
Polyamide
100%
Polyamide
100%
Polyamide
100%
Polyamide
backing backing
Colours
Stock
colours
Colours
not in
stock from
200 m2
Re-colour Special size

options
96 x 96 cm
from
from 200 m2
200 m2
Extra Sample
heavy service
use
for stock
qualities
Dispatch for
non-stock
qualities,
min. 200 m2
epoca classic
modular*
30
15
24 hours
3,5 weeks
epoca profile
modular*
12
24 hours
4,5 weeks
epoca nordic
modular
18
24 hours
3,5 weeks
Barcode
Econyl 70
modular
12
24 hours
3,5 weeks
Contra
modular
24 hours
3,5 weeks
Contra stripe
modular
24 hours
3,5 weeks
Highline twist
modular*
24
24 hours
3,5 weeks
Tempo
modular*
24 hours
24 hours**
Modular
express
CITYSCAPES
Highline
modular
definitions
Carr
modular
Figure 7: Quality overview, features and benefits Modular collections

* = from 200 m2 it also comes in broadloom with WT backing
** = new production takes 8 weeks
x = not at standard, but it is an option
48 hours
3,5 weeks
48 hours
3,5 weeks
48 hours
4,5 weeks
48 hours
3,5 weeks
epoca modular collections
epoca classic modular
This collection is a classic from ege, available in 30 colours and

well suited for all areas. epoca classic modular is a collection of
exclusive modules in size 48 x 48 cm, aimed at the minimalistic
part of the market.
epoca classic satisfies some of the strictest requirements on the
market in relation to durability, comfort and acoustics, making the
collection an ideal choice for, e.g. open-plan offices and shop
interiors.
e
,
epoca classic modular is based on 100 % Polyamide Antron

Legacy fibres, guaranteeing high-quality carpeting, highly suited
for heavy traffic areas. For orders above 200 m, epoca classic is
also available in broadloom.
epoca profile modular
epoca profile is a collection of exclusive modules in size 48 x 48

cm aimed at the minimalistic part of the market. epoca profile is a
flat woven construction in 12 modern colours adapted to present
office environments.
epoca profile is based on 100 % Polyamide Antron Legacy fibres,
guaranteeing high-quality carpeting, highly suited for heavy traffic
areas. For orders above 200 m, epoca profile is also available
in broadloom.
The epoca nordic collection is a discrete, striped collection inspired

by Scandinavian style. The collection is well suited for offices, public areas and shop interiors due to high durability and good comfort. Furthermore, epoca nordic modules satisfy some of the strictest
requirements on the market in relation to acoustics. epoca nordic is
available in 48 x 48 cm modules in 18 colours.
Barcode Econyl 70 modular
With a guaranteed minimum of 70 % recycled fibre content,

Barcode Econyl 70 modular from ege presents a viable option
for implementing green design in commercial interiors. Barcode
Econyl 70 modular offers a unique range of carpet tiles tailored to
meet high environmental performance demands while ensuring an
aesthetically pleasing and long-lasting flooring solution.
Chapter 5-21
Modular express
Barcode Econyl 70 modular is approved in accordance with the

Danish Indoor Climate Labelling and meets demands of the LEED
Green Building Rating System. The collection is available in 12
contemporary colour combinations.
Modular express is a flexible concept consisting of 48 x 48 cm

modules which offers infinite possibilities in terms of creating individual and impressive modular flooring solutions.
The concept allows the client to create unique flooring solutions by
combining different patterns in matching or contrasting colours, or
recolour with the Highline Express palettes or even special colours
to fit the solution to style and budget requirements.
Contra modular
Contra modular satisfies some of the strictest requirements on the

market in relation to durability, comfort and acoustics, making the
collection an ideal choice for, e.g. open-plan offices and shop
interiors. The collection consists of 9 matching colour shades.
Modular express makes it possible to adapt each room to the continuous changes a building goes through over time.
Contra stripe modular
CITYSCAPES
Contra stripe modular is similar to Contra modular, except from a

hint of a stripe in the texture. Contra stripe modular satisfies some
of the strictest requirements on the market in relation to durability,
comfort and acoustics, making the collection an ideal choice for,
e.g. open-plan offices and shop interiors. The collection consists of
9 matching colour shades.
Highline twist modular
The Highline twist modular collection is well suited for all areas,
and widely used in shops due to the high durability and good
comfort. Highline twist modular is available in 24 colours. For orders above 200 m, Highline twist is also available in broadloom.
Tempo modular
Tempo is a tile collection aimed at clients who need a carpet solution more affordable than eges regular design products. Tempo is
eges first 100 % solution dyed modular product for the contract
market, made of 100 % solution dyed Polyamide.
Tempo distinguishes itself by being cheaper than eges other pro
ducts and by being less flexible. The reduced flexibility is primarily
seen in terms of requirement for special colours where the minimum
order requirement is 20.000 m.
Tempo modular withstands soiling, frequent spills and stains, exposure to intense sunlight, and harsh chemicals. It comes in 5 colours
aimed at the commercial market. For orders above 200 m, Tempo
modular is also available in broadloom.
Chapter 5-22
Randomly zooming in and out on everyday life in the city, from

close-ups on surfaces and graphics to aerial views on architecture
and street plans, ege has created a unique modular collection:
CITYSCAPES. CITYSCAPES is a collection of unique and expressive designs and is the first collection within the modular concept
MODULAR SHUFFLE by ege.
4 x 4 tiles
CITYSCAPE distinguishes itself from other modular collections by

having no recurrence in the pattern. Each tile is unique and when
mixed together and randomly installed, unprecedented and varying floor designs are created.
CITYSCAPES is available in 11 unique designs and 130 colour
versions, of which 27 are special neon colours.
Highline modular definitions
The Highline modular definitions concept enables the client to

choose patterns with clear definition and pattern repeat, such as
geometrical designs.
Highline modular definitions is offered for individual patterns according to the clients wish. The pattern must never be closer to
the edge than 5 cm. This means that the distance between the
geometrical elements has to be at least 10 cm. We recommend
always using a mottled design in the background.
A trial run of approximately 4 m, which the client has to approve
prior to putting the order into production, should always be produced. Highline modular definitions is available in all standard
colour keys as well as special colours.
Chapter 5-23
Carr modular
The Carr modular collection is a collection of exclusive modules
in size 48 x 48 cm offering modern modular designs in 7 colour
combinations.
Functionality, durability and expression were key thoughts in
creating Carr modular. The diversity of pattern, scale and colour
of the collection makes it possible to create expressive flooring
solutions that leave lasting impressions. Strong colours with high
contrast can be used to make an expressive statement. Shades of
greys, neutrals and blues can be used to create a classical and
subdued expression.
6. P
roduct specification test
and classifications
Being able to select the right carpet, it is important for the carpet
specifier to understand the various elements associated with carpet
performance. For example, the construction of the carpet should
match requirements of the use and traffic of the area.
It is important not to rely on one single construction factor when
determining whether a carpet fulfils the requirements of the project.
Instead, interaction between specification elements should be considered.
In each life cycle stage of a carpet it is possible to reduce environmental impact and to improve the performance of the product. The
longer a carpet maintains its appearance, the less need there is
for replacement and disposal. Thus, specifying high quality carpets
plays an important role in reducing environmental impact.
With this chapter you gain insight into the different tests and classifications the carpets from ege are certified in accordance with.
Chapter 5-24
Chapter 6-1
6.1 EN 1307
The European standard for test and classification of textile floorings, EN 1307, is a common European standard rating carpet
products on long term appearance retention. Carpets from ege
are all tested and subsequently classified in accordance with the
EN 1307 standard.
Perform EN 1307
testing
The ege laboratory
eges laboratory is equipped to perform EN 1307 testing, however, normally test results from independent testing laboratories are
applied to ensure carpet classifications and specifications which
are based on impartial testing results. The ege laboratory is thus
primarily used in connection with product development activities
and in product check-ups to ensure that products conform to specifications at all times.
On the basis of the EN 1307 test results, the carpet is categorised

according to a domestic and commercial performance area classification.
Domestic classes:
Class 21
Domestic moderate and light usage suited for rooms and bedrooms.
Class 22
Domestic and medium usage suited for living rooms and rooms.
Class 22+
Domestic normal usage suited for living rooms, entrance halls, hallways and offices.
In order for a carpet product to be EN 1307 certified, the carpet must go through an extensive testing programme. EN 1307
test methods are used to determine both identification and perfor
mance characteristics of the carpet.
Class 23
Domestic heavy usage suited for living rooms, entrance halls, hallways and offices.
Identification characteristics
Class 31
Moderate usage suited for storage rooms, stores, hotel rooms,
churches, residential facilities, conference and meeting rooms,
living rooms, restaurants and function rooms.
To determine identification characteristics, various elements are

measured, including total mass, pile mass, pile density, total thickness, pile thickness, tuft number and backing thickness.
Basic requirements
Documentation and classification
Performance characteristics
Performance characteristics are divided into basic requirements

such as long term appearance retention, colour fastness and
additional requirements such as castor chair suitability, suitability for
use on stairs, electrical properties, thermal resistance and fraying
behaviour. Some of these characteristics are presented in the following sections.
Contract classes:
Class 32
Normal usage suited for libraries, cinemas, theatres, stores, institutions, cafeterias, canteens, computer rooms, airplanes, offices,
financial institutions, nursing homes, restaurants, function rooms,
educational institutions, trains and busses.
Additional requirements
Class 33
Heavy usage suited for departure halls, air terminals, cinemas,
theatres, department stores, institutions, cafeterias, service areas,
elevators, airplanes, hotel reception halls, entrance areas, educational institutions, trains and busses.
Chapter 6-2
Chapter 6-3
Additional requirements are imposed on carpet tiles. These requirements include total carpet weight, dimension, variation of size,
squareness and straightness of edges, curling, damage at cut edge
and dimensional stability.
6.2 EN fire classification

Fire resistance
Nordic countries have taken the decision to completely ban the use
of brominated flame retardants such as Deca-BDE.
The flammability characteristics of building materials, hereunder

carpets, greatly affect the speed of which a fire spreads. If a fire
occurs, the chances of survival therefore depend on how quickly
and safely one is able to get out of the building. The slower a fire
spreads, the greater is the chance therefore of avoiding personal
injuries.
The European Commission has published harmonised standards
for the fire properties of building materials. These standards have
been transformed into a European classification system. Two fire
tests and smoke tests are required to achieve classification in the
system.
Classification system for textile floorings
The classification system for textile floorings contains the following

classes:

A1fl
A2fl
Bfl
Cfl
Dfl
Efl
Ffl
Several alternatives to brominated flame retardants exist on the

market today, and ege offers such an alternative. Flame retardant
fillers in ege carpets prevent flame spread and suppress smoke by
releasing water molecules. This ensures a prolonged evacuation
time. Due to the release of water molecules, the solution is both a
safe and more environmentally friendly alternative than traditional
brominated flame retardants.
Radiant panel test
Fire testing
When fire testing a carpet, the radiant panel test is often applied.
Here, the carpet sample is placed horizontally under a radiant
panel in a test cabinet. When the sample has been preheated, a
flame is directed to it, after which the degree of flame spread and
smoke development can be determined.
Non combustible floorings

Limited combustible flooring
Combustible floorings
Classified without fire test
Non classified
These classes are based on the results of flame spread tests conducted in a radiant panel test according to EN 9239-1 and a test
of flammability according to EN 11925-2. In addition to these two
tests, a test of the smoke formation is conducted. Here, the A2fl,
Bfl, Cfl and Dfl are supplied with either s1 or s2, depending on
the degree of smoke formation (s1 = very limited smoke formation,
s2 = limited smoke formation).
Cfl-s1 as minimum
Authority approval
The national authorities set minimum requirements in terms of fire

classification, which may vary from country to country. All ege
contract carpets are classified as Cfl-s1 as a minimum.
Added safety
Flame retardants are added to many products to prevent fire. It is

widely known that brominated flame retardants have several effects on both health and environment. As a consequence, several
Chapter 6-4
Chapter 6-5
6.3 Test symbols

To determine classification, the carpet goes through a series of
tests.
Permanently suitable for castor chairs
Colour resistance
Colour fastness
Colour fastness tests can be divided into three test types; dry rubbing, wet rubbing and wet spot resistance.
Dry rubbing
The purpose of the dry rubbing test is to test whether the colour of
the carpet yarns is changed or whether the colours of the carpet
colour the white cotton pieces when rubbed against the carpet.
Suitable for castor chairs occasionally
When testing is completed, any change in colour is assessed together with the degree of smearing by comparing the cotton with
a standard grey scale from 1-5, where 5 is the best result.
Suitable for stairs
Wet rubbing
The purpose of the wet rubbing test is to investigate the carpets
tendency to leave any traces on wet, white fabric, when this is
rubbed against the carpets face.
Suitable for stairs residential
Permanently antistatic
Suitable for heated floors
Fire classification:
In most European countries, class Cfl-s1 is required before a carpet
can be used in escape routes.
Chapter 6-6
When testing is completed, any change in colour is assessed together with the degree of smearing by comparing the cotton with
a standard grey scale from 1-5, where 5 is the best result.
Wet spot resistance
The purpose of the wet spot resistance test is to test whether the
carpet changes colour visibly when affected by water.
When the carpet has been dried after testing, any colour change
is assessed against a standard grey scale from 1-5, where 5 is the
best result.
Light fastness
In the light fastness test, artificial light is used to simulate exposure to

daylight. The samples are compared with 8 special fabrics, each
of which has been given colour fastness classification from 1-8,
where 8 is the best result. After the test, the change in colour of the
sample is compared with the 8 fabrics. The light fastness value is
assessed by comparing the change of colour with the 8 fabrics.
The result of the light fastness test must minimum be 5.
Chapter 6-7
Insulating effect
6.4 Suitability with heated floors, ISO 8302
6.5 Castor chair suitability, EN 985
A carpet reduces a floors ability to transport heat. In rooms with

floor heating, a carpet will have an insulating effect which will
hinder room heating. The carpets insulating effect, and thus its heat
resistance, will depend on the construction of the carpet.
Determination of castor wheel resistance provides information on

whether a given textile floor covering is resistant to the impact of
chairs on castor wheels.
Definition
Heat transfer resistance is expressed as: m x C/W, where

m = square metre, C = temperature in Celsius, and W = Watt.
Example
In the example; 0.17 m x C/W, it takes 0.17 m of carpet to let

1 Watt through the carpet with a temperature difference of 1 C
between the carpets top and bottom. In other words, the greater
the resistance of the carpet, the larger the carpeted area needs to
be to let 1 Watt through.
Rotating bench
The test equipment consists of a round bench on which the carpet

sample is fixed. During testing, the bench rotates while three castor
wheels, mounted on a special holder, touch the sample thus adding pressure and movement to the rotating sample. The total weight
added to the castor wheels is 90 kg.
The carpet sample is exposed to 5,000 and 25,000 rotations.
To achieve castor chair approval, the back of the carpet must not
delaminate from the rest of the carpet and the appearance retention value must not be less than 2.4 on a scale from 1 to 5, where
5 is best result.
Criteria for suitability
Experience has shown that most carpet types have a heat transfer
resistance of between:
0.07 and 0.25 m x C/W
Carpet and
flooring heating
Carpets can be used in rooms with floor heating if the heat transfer
resistance is less than:
0.17 m x C/W
Most ege carpets are suitable for use with floor heating, except
thick wool carpets and carpets with thick foam backing, which
insulate too much due to high heat transfer resistance.
Chapter 6-8
Chapter 6-9
6.6 Static electricity
6.7 Changes in appearance, ISO 10361
To ensure permanently antistatic properties, all ege contract carpets are made from conductive fibres. As a consequence, ege
carpets do not contribute to the charging of static electricity.
Vettermann
Drum test
Test method
The European Norm EN 1815 is used to determine a carpets

tendency to generate static electricity. The degree of static electri
city is measured using different types of shoe soles. The charge is
expressed as a static electrical charge in kV (kilovolt). Charges of
0-30 kV can occur.
No static shocks
When is a carpet antistatic?
A carpet is antistatic if a person walking on it does not get a

static shock when touching conductive objects. This means that
the charge that accumulates in the person walking on the carpet
remains below the so-called detection limit of around 2 kV. A carpet which does not exceed the 2 kV threshold value is therefore
generally acknowledged to be antistatic.
The degree of static charges tend to be greater the lower the
relative humidity. Therefore, tests of electrostatic properties include
measurements of static electricity at low relative humidity of 25 %
RH, which is typical in most working environments during winter.
The Vettermann Drum test is applied for detecting changes in appearance. The test is intended to simulate heavy, focused footfall.
Foot traffic tends to be concentrated around doorways or narrow
passages between desks. By simulating walkways, the Vettermann
Drum test provides an indication of the carpets ability to retain its
appearance.
The carpet sample for testing is fixed inside a revolving metal drum
where a heavy ball of approximately 7.5 kg, covered in hard rubber is placed inside the drum and is allowed to bounce around
freely in the metal drum. The carpet sample is subjected to two
tests, one of 5,000 rotations, and one of 22,000 rotations.
Evaluation
After testing, the carpet is evaluated against a reference scale and

a carpet sample which has not been tested. On the basis hereof,
the carpet is given a rating for how well it has resisted the effects
of the test. The result is given from a scale of 1-5 where 5 is the
best result. A result of 2 or more is needed to pass. A result of 2.4
is needed for being approved for intensive use.
5
4
3
2
1
=
=
=
=
=
No change
Insignificant change
Clear change
Considerable change
Heavy change
The classes are used for determining classification for change in

appearance in accordance with EN 1307.
kV
-15
Measurement with
standard polyamide
-10
-5
-2
0
Measurement with
ege's own fibres
0
10
Chapter 6-10
20
30
40
50
60 Number of steps
Chapter 6-11
7. Quality
High quality assurance plays an important role in a companys
efforts to maintain client satisfaction while aiming to reduce environmental impact. In each stage of a products life cycle, environmental impact can be reduced by systematically striving at improving
the performance of the product. The longer a carpet maintains its
appearance, the less the need becomes for replacement.
ISO 9001
To ensure carpet products which meet quality requirements of the

market and of the client, ege has implemented the international
quality management system ISO 9001. This chapter provides helpful information about quality management.
Chapter 7-1
7.1 What is quality m

anagement?
8. Sustainability
Quality management can be divided into three main components: Quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement.
Quality management therefore not only focuses on product quality,
but also on how product quality is achieved.
The last 20 years have seen a growing realisation of the negative

effect consumption patterns are having on the environment and
climate. The increasing stress put on resources and environmental
systems such as water, land and air are placing an increasing
burden on the planet. Sustainable development plays an important
role in preventing this.
ISO standards
The International Organisation for Standardisation was established

in 1947 and is currently an association of approximately 157
members, each of which represents their own country.
Constant
improvement
With this chapter you gain insight into how ege works with sustainable development and environmental improvements at all times.
ISO 9001
The ISO 9000 family addresses quality management. The ISO

9001 standard places great emphasis on bringing quality manage
ment systems closer to the processes of the organisation and on
ensuring constant improvement.
ISO 9001 specifies requirements for a quality management system
where an organisation:
n eeds to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide
products which meet customer and statutory and regulatory requirements, and
aim to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective
application of quality management, including processes
for continual improvement of the system and the assurance
of conformity to customer and statutory and regulatory requirements.
ege certificate
To offer the client tangible documentation of eges efforts to ensure

carpet products produced with optimum care for the environment,
safety and quality, the client is offered an ege certificate. The ege
certificate holds an overview and brief presentation of:

Management systems applied by ege

Product specifications
Environmental certificates and registrations
Certified flooring contractors
Certified Service Partner
Chapter 7-2
Chapter 8-1
Definition
8.1 Definitions of sustainable development
8.2 Dedicated to sustainability
Sustainable development can be defined in many ways. In the

Mid 80s the UN set up a commission for environment and development which in 1987 published the Brundtland Report, also
known as Our Common Future17. The report put sustainability on
top of the agenda and alerted the world to the urgency of making
progress towards economic development that could be sustained
without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.
The report provided a key statement on sustainable development,
defining it as:
In eges quality and environmental department, the daily work is

centred on finding new ways to improve the environmental impact
of production and products.
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
This definition has become one of the most frequently quoted definitions of sustainable development. The field of sustainable development can be broken into three parts:
Three parts
Systematic work
Profit economic development

Planet environmental protection
People social responsibility
These three areas all form a natural part of eges environmental
policy. At ege, sustainable development is not a definitive state of
harmony but a process of constant development in which utilisation of resources, management of investments and technological
development are in agreement with future as well as contemporary
needs.
Securing our common future through sustainable development

means that we need to work systematically at shaping and adap
ting our production methods and resource consumption with con
sideration for the needs of future generations, the public, nature and
ege. To live within our resources means that we need to achieve
more with less. This requires us to continuously change the way we
design, produce, use and dispose our products and waste.
The environment has always been given high priority at ege and
over the years, a wide range of environmental initiatives and improvements have been implemented.
Meet future
demands
The ability to document environmental claims sets ege apart from

many other manufactures. New objectives of how to relate to the
concept of sustainable development are set on a constant basis.
ege seeks to meet future demands by constantly being at the forefront on the market and by having sustainable development as a
fixed parameter in the companys environmental work and environmental management systems.
In all phases of eges products life cycle, policies of how to handle
the environmental impact of the product are defined. The environmental policies are followed up by procedures and concrete initiatives in our environmental management system ISO 14001.
Profit
Economic
Ecoefficiency
Equity
Sustainable
People
Social
Liveability
Planet
Environmental
Sustainable development
17 UN, The World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future, 1987
Chapter 8-2
Chapter 8-3
Greenhouse gas account
8.3 Environmental policy
A greenhouse gas account is an account for the companys total emissions of CO2. eges greenhouse gas account, that documents the concerns contribution to global warming, is calculated
in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol, developed by
World Business Council for Sustainable Development and World
Resources Institute.
Through determined effort and stipulation of environmental objectives, ege wants to work to prevent and reduce environmental impact caused by production, use and disposal of our products and
to continuously improve the effort within the working environment
area.
Objectives
In relation to the following areas, ege wants to:

Product development
Develop products causing a minimum of environmental
impact
Make an environmental evaluation of raw material
Production
Produce with optimal utilisation of all resources
Continuously prevent and reduce environmental impact
and waste production
Ensure appropriate disposal of waste
Staff
The greenhouse gas account monitors eges emissions of CO2,

and makes visible where to intervene to reduce the emissions in
the future.
Working environment policy

Health and safety
T rain and motivate staff to perform their tasks in an environmentally appropriate manner
Promote dialogue between management and staff
In the efforts made to ensure improvements of the working environment, the working environment policy is targeted in the light of
the most important working environment related problems, which
have been defined for ege as a workplace. These problems have
been defined on the basis of completed workplace assessments
according to guidelines outlined by the Danish Working Environment Service.
Product information
Inform users of our products of environmental impact
through product declarations
The public
Promote openness and dialogue between the company
and the public
Meet law and authority requirements and other requirements having an impact on the environment and the working environment
Prepare an environmental report containing environmental
objectives and environmental policies
Prepare a greenhouse gas account with details about
eges emissions of greenhouse gases
The environmental report is published together with the corporate
annual accounts and is communicated to all persons working for
or on behalf of the organisation. The greenhouse gas account is
published once a year, starting in 2008/09.
Chapter 8-4
The general objective of the working environment policy is to ensure a healthy and safe working environment through close liaison
between company management and staff. ege will strive to be a
stimulating and attractive workplace, where responsibility for oneself and for ones colleagues is given pride of place. This means
not only complying with current rules and laws, but also ensuring
that a forward looking working environment policy is pursued.
Health promoting activities
The Health and Safety Committee examines and evaluates the

need for health promoting activities among the staff. On the basis
of medical examinations of the individual employee, such activities
may be offers of, for example, stop smoking courses, preparation
of diet plans and healthy food and fruit in the canteen. Furthermore,
ege has alcohol and smoking policies.
A suitable job
A tolerant labour market
ege wants to provide opportunities for a tolerant labour market in

which employees who, as an example, become ill or worn down
are retained in a suitable job or given light duties to the extent possible. Thus, a clarification of the procedure taking place after illness
or absence should be made for the employee in question.
Chapter 8-5
8.4 Systematic environmental management
8.5 Environmental management
In our determination to be a responsible company, systematic environment management is of great importance. As employer, we
bear the formal responsibility for the well-being and physical working environment of our staff. We believe that in a healthy and
good working environment, the employee is committed and shows
sense of responsibility. At the same time, it is important that each
employee is acknowledged for his or her qualifications and for the
efforts performed on a daily basis.
International production companies consume large amounts of water, energy and resources. In addition, they generate various types
of wastes. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both cost savings and
environmental performance improvements by increasing efficiency.
A good working environment is established through qualified

management, a healthy indoor climate and a corporate culture
appreciating and respecting safety and ethical values.
Regularly
evaluations
Status report
The working environment at ege is evaluated regularly on the basis

of workplace assessments, safety provisions, accidents, near to
accidents, and evaluation of the psychological working environment and work related illnesses. The assessments enable us to continuously improve the working environment, making ege a safe and
comfortable place to work for current and future employees and to
ensure prevention of accidents and physical disabilities.
Implementation of the working environment policy
Twice a year, in connection with the managements evaluation, a

status is prepared indicating to which extent the working environment policy has been completed.
The working environment is under continuous development and the
working environment policy should, therefore, be revised at least
every third year.
Proactive approach
Environmental management is a systematic approach to finding

practical ways for saving resources and materials and for reducing
environmental impact. A proactive and systematic environmental
management approach can help an organisation to ensure that
the environmental policy is carried out effectively and that both
immediate and long-term environmental impact of the company,
products and processes are addressed and managed. ege is certified in accordance with ISO 14001 and registered pursuant to The
Eco- Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS).
ISO 14001
The ISO 14000 family of standards primarily addresses aspects
of environmental management. ISO 14001, which was implemented at ege in 1996, specifies requirements for an environmental management system and enables the company to constantly
develop and implement policies and objectives which take into
account legal requirements and environmental aspects. With ISO
14001, ege is required to take a hard look at all areas where the
companys activities have an environmental impact.
ISO 14001 was launched in 1996 and revised in 2004. The
standard is one of the most dominating standards within environmental management in the world. To receive certification, the company needs to comply with various demands related to the environmental management system:

Environmental policy
Planning
Implementation and operation
Control and corrective actions
Management review
While ISO 14001 and The Eco- Management and Audit Scheme
(EMAS) share the same objective of providing good environmental
management, they are different in a number of ways. For example,
ISO 14001 does not, as EMAS, undertake an initial environmental
review. EMAS is thus more comprehensive in nature. ege, therefore, also holds EMAS registration.
Chapter 8-6
Chapter 8-7
EMAS
The Eco-Management and Audit Scheme, also known as EMAS,
is a voluntary market based instrument designed to encourage
better environmental performance from all types of organisations.
EMAS is compatible with the international standard for environmental management systems, ISO 14001, but goes further in its
requirements for performance improvement, employee involvement,
legal compliance and communication with stakeholders. EMAS
recognises and rewards organisations which go beyond minimum
legal compliance and continuously improve their environmental
performance.
EMAS is a direct response to some of the key principles in the
European Unions Environmental Action Programmes and the challenges to sustainable development.
Quality label
Why EMAS?
EMAS provides ege with a quality label for environmental

management and provides the company with a badge of credibi
lity when making claims of the environmental performances. EMAS
is a clear and verifiable way of showing commitment to improving
environmental performance, as it provides a systematic framework
for setting environmental objectives and measuring, monitoring and
reporting on our current performance. The system thereby allows
for constant improvement.
Examining current
environmental
performance
Publishing environmental
report
Implementing environmental management

systems
DS/OHSAS 18001
In 2006, the working environment management system DS/OHSAS 18001 (the Occupation Health and Safety Assessment Series) was implemented at eges headquarters in Herning with the
purpose of improving the working environment at the factory. However, since being ISO 14001 certified and EMAS registered, ege
decided to include the working environment in the environmental
management system as a separate part.
EMAS became open for participation by companies of the manufacturing sector from April 1995. Already in 1996, ege achieved
the EMAS certification.
Chapter 8-8
Setting environmental
programmes for
obtaining the objectives
Making environmental
audits
Implementing EMAS means that ege is demanded to complete a

number of activities, which all are naturally connected in an ongoing cycle. See next page.
Internal audits are carried out regularly and every 6 months. The
environmental system is audited by the external verifier Bureau Veritas Certification. Additionally, ege publishes an environmental report on an annual basis documenting the environmental efforts and
performances of the organisation.
objectives
Making environmental
verification
An ongoing process
Independent auditing
policy
Working
environment
DS/OHSAS 18001 is an international occupational health and

safety management system, intended to help organisations to control and minimise occupational health and safety risks. By formu
lating working environment and safety policies and objectives, ege
has taken a preventive approach to the working environment at
ege. To receive DS/OHSAS certification the company has de
monstrated that the working environment is both healthy and safe.
This means that all considerable problems related to the working
environment have been solved and that further improvement is a
constant objective.
Chapter 8-9
With current and future employees in mind

Eliminate risk areas
8.6 E
nvironmental certificates and
registration
DS/OHSAS enables ege to control the working environment

and safety risks and to improve our performance by continuously
identifying and assessing risks in the working environment and developing strategies to eliminate identified risk areas. Furthermore,
the system enables the company to make further improvements,
making ege a safe and comfortable place for current and future
employees.
As ege constantly work to reduce environmental impact from our

products and production, we have implemented strict measures
to ensure that our products and production live up to the strict
demands in a number of important environmental certificates and
registrations.
One year after having received DS/OHSAS certification, ege received a crown smiley by the Danish Working Environment Autho
rity, indicating that ege has no issues with the Working Environment
Authority and that ege holds a recognised health and safety certificate by having made extraordinary efforts to ensure a high level of
health and safety at the workplace.
CE
All carpets from ege are CE marked ensuring that they meet all
demands of the European standard concerning properties within
key areas such as:

Fire-safety
Health and environment
Safety in use
Energy saving
Thermal insulation
CE stands for Conformit Europenne, meaning conforms to

EC Directives. CE marking on a product is the manufacturers de
claration that the product complies with the essential requirements
of relevant European health, safety and environmental protection
legislation. The harmonised standard EN 14041 applies for CE
certification of textiles, resilient and laminate floor coverings. To
permit the use of a CE mark on a product, proof that the product
meets all relevant requirements must be documented.
BRE
From material extraction, development, production, transportation,
installation and use to maintenance and disposal, building pro
ducts have an environmental impact. When specifying materials
for new builds, it has, therefore, become increasingly important to
document the environmental impact of building materials.
Life cycle
assessment
Chapter 8-10
Environmental carpet profiles
Claims about the environmental performance of building products,

such as carpets, are easy to make, but difficult to substantiate without a universal measuring system. Environmental profiles from BRE
Certification Ltd. provide ege with such a measuring system, as
they provide life cycle assessment information on the environmental
impact associated with the extraction, processing, manufacture,
installation, maintenance and disposal of products, hereunder carpets.
Chapter 8-11
Documentation of our products environmental impact

Environmental
criteria
This is done by ensuring building materials with low environmental

impact, both to the external environment and to the indoor climate
in the building. ege received LEED approval in 2008.
The overall environmental impact for the environmental profiles is

measured using Ecopoints. The profiles allow architects, designers
and specifiers to make informed decisions about ege carpets, as
the profiles provide reliable and comparable environmental information about the products. eges BRE certificate (ENP 368) states
the performance of individual products against a set of defined
environmental criteria. It awards credit to products incorporating
materials with low impact on the environment throughout the pro
ducts full life cycle.
BASTA
Over the years, the construction sector has encountered a significant number of problems resulting from inadequate information
about the environmental effects of chemicals used in construction
products. Therefore, the need for systems which aim at phasing
out hazardous substances in building materials has become increasingly important. The Swedish system BASTA provides such a
system.
LEED
Green buildings
Performance goals
To ensure sustainable development within the construction sector,

rating systems which evaluate the environmental performances of
building materials against a set of common standards are needed.
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green
Building Rating System provides such a system.
Environmental
properties
What is LEED?
LEED is a voluntary building certification programme established by

the US Green Building Council with the purpose of encouraging
and accelerating global adaptation of sustainable green buildings
through universally understood and accepted tools and performance criteria. LEED establishes a common standard measurement
for what constitutes a high-performance green building. The sy
stem provides architects, designers and specifiers with a concrete
and practical set of design and performance goals, and provides
independent third-party certification that validates their achievements.
The LEED system addresses all types of building projects and all
phases in the building lifecycle, from design and construction to
renovation.
Why the need for green buildings?
Green buildings use resources more efficiently compared to conventional buildings, simply built to code. Furthermore, LEED helps
to create:
Healthier working and living environments
Higher productivity and improved employee health and
comfort
Chapter 8-12
Less dangerous
substances
ege carpets are BASTA registered
According to a survey made by the Swedish Chemical Agency,

over 3,000 chemical substances can be found in construction
products. Some of these substances are suspected to cause cancer. The large volumes of materials and the long life-span of buildings increase the impact of these products on our health and the
environment. At ege, extensive work has been undertaken to improve the environmental properties of the companys carpets, thus
qualifying ege carpets for BASTA registration. The BASTA registration means that we can confirm that this construction product is in
accordance with the properties criteria agreed upon with respect
to health- or environmental properties.
Credibility assured through external auditing
The objective of BASTA is to establish an industry standard for

maximum levels of very dangerous substances in construction products, and to demonstrate a system for phasing out construction
products which contain dangerous substances. In the BASTA sy
stem, the Swedish construction sector has agreed on a common
definition of the substance properties, which is used for deciding
whether a product is accepted or not. The supplier has to confirm
that the products meet the set of criteria. To ensure credibility, the
system is supplemented by quality assured auditing.
Danish Indoor Climate Labelling

The vast majority of our time is spent indoors. The indoor environment therefore plays an important role in our general well-being,
health and productivity at work and in our spare time. According
to the Danish Technological Institute there is direct relationship between the quality of the indoor climate and performance.
Chapter 8-13
Improve indoor
climate
9. General technical conditions
The Danish Indoor Climate Labelling is a voluntary labelling scheme

for identification of the impact on the indoor climate of building materials and products. The purpose of the scheme is to improve the
indoor climate in buildings by:
When either specifying or installing carpets, it is important to be

aware of a number of technical issues which are crucial in the efforts to ensuring a satisfactory, visually pleasing and long-lasting
carpet solution. These issues include:
G
iving the manufacturers a tool to develop more indoor
friendly products
Giving the users a tool to select more indoor friendly pro
ducts
Giving everybody a tool for better understanding of the
impact of products on the indoor climate
The Danish Indoor Climate Labelling gives builders, architects, designers and specifiers the opportunity to specify indoor climate
labelled products and to choose the best among the labelled pro
ducts.
All carpets from ege are approved in accordance with the Danish
Indoor Climate Labelling, serving as a guarantee that each carpet
meets the standards of the voluntary labelling scheme laid down
by the Danish Technological Institute to ensure indoor climates
which provide optimal conditions for comfort and well-being.
INSTA 800
We spend many hours indoors everyday, whether it be in our
homes or at work. To ensure well-being in these indoors environments, it is worthwhile to carefully consider the interior design and
to set a number of performance demands in terms of the choice of
flooring solution. These demands should comprise easy cleaning,
comfort and low emission of vapour and dust.
Measuring system
Assessing cleaning quality
Construction data
Measurements
Patterns
Colours
Shading
Pile reversal
This chapter elaborates the above standing factors.
Construction data
EN 1307
In regard to specified construction data, both test methods and

margins are in accordance with the valid European EN 1307
standard for textile floorings. This includes:
T he total weight indicates the total weight of the carpet in
g/m. The margin is +/- 15 %.
The pile weight indicates the yarn weight over the primary
backing and is indicated in g/m. The margin is +15/
-10%.
The pile height indicates the piles height from the primary
backing. The margin is: +/- 1 mm.
Measurements
In terms of carpet measurements, the following standards apply:
INSTA 800 is a Scandinavian measuring system for assessing the

quality of cleaning in a room. The cleaning quality is measured
both before and after finished cleaning. INSTA 800 measures
among others dust deposits on carpets, before and after vacuumcleaning. The measurements are converted into a dust index from
1 to 5, where 5 is considered to be the best result possible. The
Swedish Provnings- och Forskningsinstitut (The Swedish National
Testing- and Research Institute) has tested a number of ege contract
qualities, vacuumed with equipment from Nilfisk, including epoca,
epoca chess, epoca pro, Highline 1100 and Highline loop. All
tested carpet qualities received 5. These results guarantee that a
daily, dry and chemical free cleaning provides the required cleaning level.
Length
Standard lengths are delivered with a margin of +/- 0.5 %. Special lengths are delivered with a margin of +1/-0 %. In case of total
orders there may, in some cases, occur further surplus in a few rolls.
Here, we also refer to sales conditions specials.
Chapter 8-14
Chapter 9-1
Width
Standard widths are delivered with a margin of +/- 3 cm for 400
cm and 500 cm roll width.
Cuts
The margin for cuts (cut service) is +1/-0 %. If a whole roll length
has to be divided into more pieces, the tolerance for the whole roll
lngderetningen. Tolerancen er +/- 1 %. Dog max. 3 cm for 4 og 5 meters bredde. Glder

standard rulle lngde (se fig. 4).
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
width will be +/- 3 cm (e.g. a roll width of 397 cm (400 cm 3

cm) divided into 4 even pieces to 4 lengths of 99 cm).
However, max. 3 cm for 4 and 5 m width. Applies for standard

roll length.
Area
rugs
4 cm. = max. 1%
4 cm.
The length is delivered with a margin of +/-2 % and the width with
skvhed: Forekommer, hvor rapporten ikkealigger
p hjde,
forskudt fra den ene
margin
of +/-men
1.25er%.
en anden. Tolerancen er +/- 1 % (se fig. 3).
ImageFig.
12
Mnsterforskydning
Due to production conditions, certain colour variations are inevitable. It is, therefore, possible that a shown sample may show minor
difference of colour to the actual material delivered. It is important
that rolls which are to be fitted together must be from the same
dye batch. It is the responsibility of the carpet fitter to examine
the rolls prior to installation. In certain cases there may be minor
colour differences from roll to roll. This can be due to minor colour
differences in production, different pile direction together with local
conditions on the premises.
max. 3 cm.
svinger: Forekommer, hvis afstanden Modular

fra mnstret til tppekanten svinger i
Lengths
are delivered
with a margin
etningen. Tolerancen er +/- 1 %. Dog max.
3 cm and
for 4 widths
og 5 meters
bredde. Glder
rulle lngde (se fig. 4).
the same batch.
g. 1
Colours
Fig. 3
Mnsterbuer
Patterns
Fig. 4
Diagonalskvhed
of +/-0.2 % within
Mnster svinger
Textile floorings are flexible floorings and like all other production
processes, certain margins have to be taken into consideration
Farver
4 cm
4
cm. = max.installation.
1%
during
The following criteria describe the maximum
4 cm.
y Nuanceafvigelse: Af produktionsmssige
rsager er visse nuanceafvigelser uundgelige. Det er
margins
within
which
it should be possible for a professional fitter
derfor muligt, at en fremvist prve ikke har helt den samme nuance som den leverede produktion.
to
complete
a
satisfactory
installation
(for more
information,
check
Ruller
til installering
i samme
rum, fra
skal
altid
farveparti.
Det er
plggerens
hvor rapporten ikke
ligger
p hjde, men
er forskudt
den
enebestilles i samme
max. 3 cm.
ansvar
at
kontrollere
ruller
for
farveparti
inden
montering.
Der
kan
i
visse
tilflde
forekomme
out
eges
Installation
guide.
The
guide
can
be
found
on
our
website
+/- 1 % (se fig. 3).
mindre nuanceforskelle fra tppebane
til tppebane. Dette kan skyldes mindre forskelle gennem
www.egecarpet.com).
Shading
Pile direction
tppeproduktionen eller forskellig luvhldning samt lokale forhold p installationsstedet.

, hvis afstanden fra mnstret til tppekanten svinger i
+/- 1 %. Dog max. 3 cm for 4 og 5 meters bredde. Glder
The tolerances are valid trade standards in accordance with CEN/
vrige forhold
TS 14159 which is a Technical Specification Document prepared
y Shading:
Ved begrebet shading
forsts
vandpletlignende
dannelser
p luven, som
beror
en for
Image
2
by the
European
Committee
for Standardization
and
thuspvalid
orskydning
Mnsterbuer
Diagonalskvhed
Mnster
svingerI disse omrder reflekteres lyset
omrdevis
ndring
oprindelige
luvhldning
i velourvarer.
g.
2
Fig. 3 af den
Fig.
4
members
of theder
EU.adskiller sig fra det vrige tppe. Det er ikke
anderledes og giver lyse ogall
mrke
afbildninger,
en produktionsfejl, og fnomenet er ikke reklamationsberettiget.
Pattern repeats
Luvvending forekommer, hvor

i meget
skarpt
afgrnset
omrde
opstr ndring
luvretningen patThedergiven
repeat
sizes
indicate
the Det
measures
of thei dominating
1
% oprindelige
4 cm
cm. == max.
max.
afvigelse:
Af produktionsmssige
rsager er visse
nuanceafvigelser
uundgelige.
erudtalt end ved shading.
cm.
i 4
forhold
til 1%
den
luvretning.
Retningsndringen
er mere
terndetboth
in the
length
and
direction.ogThese
used
when
uligt, at en fremvist
prve ikke
helt den
samme
nuance
som
den
produktion.
rsagen
er har
ukendt,
men
anses
ikke
forleverede
en width
produktionsfejl
er are
derfor
ikke
installering
i
samme
rum,
skal
altid
bestilles
i
samme
farveparti.
Det
er
plggerens
calculating
additional
material
in
case
of
possible
joins
of
two
or
reklamationsberettiget.
er p hjde, men er forskudt fra den ene
at kontrollere ruller for farveparti inden montering.
Der
moremax.
lengths.
3 cm.kan i visse tilflde forekomme
uanceforskelle fra tppebane til tppebane. Dette kan skyldes mindre forskelle gennem
oduktionen
forskellig luvhldning
lokale forhold p installationsstedet.
mnstret eller
til tppekanten
svinger samt
i
cm for 4 og 5 meters bredde. Glder
Pattern displaced Image 1

Pattern fitting over full width is not guaranteed. When joining repeats in the length direction the margin is: +/- 0.5 %.
old
Ved begrebet shading forsts vandpletlignende dannelser p luven, som beror p en
Image
3 luvhldning i velourvarer. I disse omrder reflekteres lyset
is ndring
oprindelige
Fig. 3af den
Fig. 4
nsterbuer
Diagonalskvhed
Mnster svinger
Image
es og giver lyse og mrke afbildninger, der Pattern
adskillercurves
sig fra det
vrige 2
tppe. Det er ikke
ktionsfejl, og fnomenet er ikke reklamationsberettiget.
Pattern curves appear where the repeat
Shading can be defined as water spot like formations on the pile

caused by changes in the original pile direction in velour qualities. In areas where the pile of the carpet is moved in different
directions, the light reflection of the material is altered. When the
pile is moved one way it will appear darker and when moved in
the opposite direction it will appear lighter. This is not a defect in
manufacture. In consequence, shading is not acceptable as a valid
claim.
Pile reversal
Changes in limited
areas
This appears when changes in the pile direction occur within a

limited area compared to the original pile direction. The change
of direction is very different to that of shading. The cause of pile
reversal is unknown but it is generally considered not to be caused
by any defect in manufacture. In consequence, pile reversal is not
acceptable as a valid claim.
is on level in both sides

but where the pattern is curving across the width of the carpet. The
ing forekommer, hvor der i meget skarpt afgrnset omrde opstr ndring i luvretningen
margin is er+/-mere
1 %. udtalt end ved shading.
max.
1% oprindelige luvretning. Retningsndringen
til den
Side 2 af 2 sider
mssige rsager er visse nuanceafvigelser uundgelige. Det er

Dokument F000302dk - 23.01.09
er har
ukendt,
men
det nuance
anses som
ikkedenfor
en produktionsfejl
og er derfor ikke
e ikke
helt den
samme
leverede
produktion.
ionsberettiget.
Diagonal
slanting Image 3
m, skal altid bestilles i samme farveparti. Det
er plggerens
arveparti inden montering.max.
Der
kan i visse Diagonal
tilflde forekomme
33cm.
max.
cm
slanting appears where the repeat is out of level but stagebane til tppebane. Dette kan skyldes mindre forskelle gennem
gered
from
one side to another. The margin is +/-1 %.
g luvhldning samt lokale forhold p installationsstedet.
Pattern swings Image 4

Pattern swings appear if the distance from the pattern to the carforsts vandpletlignende dannelser p luven, som beror p en
Image
4
pet reflekteres
edge swings
elige luvhldning i velourvarer. I disse omrder
lyset in the length direction. The margin is +/- 1 %.
lskvhed
Mnster svinger
ke afbildninger, der adskiller sig fra det vrige tppe. Det er ikke
t er ikke reklamationsberettiget.
r i meget skarpt afgrnset omrde opstr ndring

i luvretningen
Chapter
9-2
Side 2 af 2 sider
retning. Retningsndringen er mere udtalt end ved shading.
e
nuanceafvigelser
uundgelige.
Det
er
et anses ikke for en produktionsfejl og er derfor ikkeDokument F000302dk - 23.01.09
me nuance som den leverede produktion.
Chapter 9-3
10. Installation
When installed and maintained properly, an ege carpet is an investment that is guaranteed to last and perform outstandingly for
many years.
Preserves
investment
To help preserve your investment, helpful information is provided

below on installation in terms of backing types and recommended
methods. The installation instructions are applicable for the following products and backings:
Latex backing (domestic), also known as DL; Domestic
latex
Contract backing, also known as CL; Contract latex
Woven textile backing, also described as WT; Woven
textile or secondary backing
Acousti Back, also known as AB backing
Comfort backing, also known as CF300
Modular standard backing for ege modular carpet
(patented MOD 750 and MOD 350)
On the next page, an overview of both recommended and nonrecommended fitting methods available for each product and
backing type is presented.
Chapter 10-1
Method
Full adhesion
Wet
adhesion
Easy
release
system
Wet
fixation
Tackifying
Dry
fixation
Loose On
laying perimeter
grippers
DL
++
++
+1
CL
++
++
WT
++
++
AB
++
CF300
++
Modular
++
Figure 1: Overview of installation methods.

O = not suitable + = suitable ++ = highly suitable (recommended)
1.
Cuts of less than 25 m should be edge fixated with tape or adhesive

Cuts larger than 25 m should be full fixated
Please note that a special fixation adhesive is demanded
10.1 Method description
Various methods can be applied when installing carpets. It is important to always choose the best suited method for each product
and backing type to ensure the best fitting result possible. Below, a
brief description of each fitting method is provided.
Full fixation
Full fixation means that the carpet is fixed across the entire floor surface. This is obtained by applying one of the following methods:

Wet adhesion
Easy release system
Wet fixation
Tackifying
Dry fixation
Wet adhesion
The carpet is installed with a wet dispersion adhesive applied by
a notched trowel.
2.
NB! When installing cuts of less than 25 m in areas exposed to

extra heavy load e.g. from castor chairs, traffic with trolleys, pallet
trucks or in heavy trafficked areas, full fixation should always be
applied.
Easy release system

The carpet is installed with a wet dispersion adhesive applied by
a notched trowel on a slip-primed subfloor.
Wet fixation
The carpet is installed with a wet fixation adhesive applied by a
roller. Wet fixation should only be used on a fully pre-prepared
subfloor.
Tackifying
The carpet is installed with a touch dry adhesive which has been
applied by a roller beforehand. Tackifying should only be used on
a fully pre-prepared subfloor.
Dry fixation
The carpet is installed on a fully adhered underlay with full surface
double sided tape or Velcro.
Loose laying
The carpet is loose laid but fixed with tape, adhesive or ege Supertack at the ends and/or edges.
Perimeter grippers
The carpet is stretched and fastened on perimeter grippers with an

underlay.
Chapter 10-2
Chapter 10-3
10.2 General installation conditions

Plan the installation
minimum of 24 hours prior to initiating the actual installation procedure. This is especially important during cold weather conditions
due to fluctuating temperatures outdoors and indoors.
A carefully planned installation is the key to a perfectly looking carpet solution which retains its appearance for many years to come.
Inspection
Before cutting, the carpet must be inspected for visible faults. In
case any faults are detected, the supplier must be contacted for
further agreement before the work is continued.
To achieve a satisfactory installation result, the following conditions must be complied with before commencing the installation
procedure.
Directions and recommendations

Application of adhesives, tapes or other material must always take
place in accordance with directions and recommendations of the
manufacturer.

The room
Make sure that installation is carried out at the room temperature

recommended for the adhesive in question, normally 18 C
25C.
The floor
Paying attention to the floor surface is especially important when

installing woven products and carpets with low, flat pile. Failing to
follow directions for the floor surface may result in structures of the
subfloor being mirrored on the carpet surface.
Same pile direction

and batch
The following directions should be followed when installing carpets:

Important directions
T he floor should be level, solid, firm, without cracks and

edges
The floor should be clean, dry and uniformly absorbent
without oil or grease stains
Heavily absorbent underlay should be preliminary treated
with a primer
Currently installed linoleum and vinyl floors may have been
treated with wax which therefore has to be thoroughly
cleaned and treated before commencing installation
The humidity of concrete subfloor must not exceed 7590% RH depending on the demands laid down by the
manufacturer of the adhesive
The under floor heating has to be switched off and cooled
down prior to installation and should remain switched off
2 days after completion of installation
To the extent possible, both carpet and subfloor must be
protected from direct sunlight during installation and until 2
days after completed installation
Materials
24 hours
acclimitation
Acclimatisation
To ensure that both the carpet and adhesive are acclimatised pro
perly, place both carpet and materials in the room in question a
Chapter 10-4
Placing
The carpet lengths should always be placed in the same pile direction. In addition, carpet material from the same production batch
should always be applied in the same room.

As a main rule, carpet lengths should be fitted with the joins perpendicular to the most light-giving window wall.
To the extent possible, joins should be avoided in highly exposed
areas, e.g. in doorways, entrances and under chairs fitted with
castors.

Whenever possible, lengths should be installed outer edge against
outer edge in order to reduce the risk of colour differences.

When installing with adhesive, the least visible joins are achieved
by using carpet clamps.

Stairs
When installing carpets on stairs, the installation should always be

protected by adding nosings.
Protect the carpet
After installation
After the installation and until the carpet is used, the carpet should
be protected against damage and soiling from traffic and subsequent craftsmen. The extent and type of covering necessarily will
depend on the type of load, traffic intensity and on whether a dry
or wet load is expected.

No furniture, equipment or the like should be placed on the carpet
before the floor adhesive is completely dry and tempered. This
Chapter 10-5
Ensuring that the areas in which the carpet or carpets are to be

installed are at the total disposal of the carpet fitter is an essential
part of planning the installation. When the areas are at the disposal of the fitter, it becomes possible to assess the room prior to
executing the installation and prior to fixating the pre-laid carpet
to the floor.
may last up to 24 hours. Failing to follow these directions may result

in visible pressure markings on the carpet.
General conditions for installation of patterned

carpets
Patterned carpets are immensely popular among many interior designers and architects. And with good reason! A patterned carpet
offers an ideal solution for creating a sophisticated and expressive
style in the interior design of a building.
Demands
However, when a patterned carpet is chosen, it is important to notice that this particular solution places a number of demands on the
contractors execution of the installation in order to ensure a perfect
installation. These demands encompass areas such as:

At ege, we supply carpet products which meet some of the most

stringent requirements imposed in accordance with industry stan
dards. This is ensured by means of quality management down to
the very last detail.
To offer each client the best possible return of investment, it is important that both the production of the carpet as well as its installation is executed professionally.
View before
you glue
Full disposal of
the room
Planning
Subfloor
Carpets
Materials
Cutting
Adhesive
Installation
A perfectly looking carpet result
Planning is
important
All textile floorings are flexible floorings which have certain margins
which have to be taken carefully into consideration during installation. It is our responsibility to deliver carpets which comply with the
industry standards in terms of margins. At the same time, the fitter is
responsible for fitting the pattern during installation.
Planning plays an important role in connection with ensuring the

best possible result for the client. A good result is only achieved
when and if it is possible to carry out the installation correctly. At
the same time, it is important to be familiar with the product and
the tools available.
As far as possible, joins should be avoided at exposed areas, for

example in doorways, entrances and underneath swivel chairs.
Prior to cutting and fixation, the carpet rolls are laid out in the
room/area and the pattern repeats are assessed. This is one of the
main reasons why it is important to have full disposal of the room/
area during installation.
A carefully planned installation is the key to a perfectly looking carpet solution which retains its appearance for many years to come.
Report faults
Pre installation inspection
Inspection of all carpets is carried out with the utmost thoroughness

from the part of the manufacturer. However, in rare instances, you
might experience faults in the carpet of which you wish to file a
complaint. In such cases, the fault should be reported to ege prior
to commencing installation of the carpet. Otherwise, the company
is NOT able to accept replacement of the carpet.
Therefore, it is important to inspect each carpet for flaws and deficiencies as well as to check that the supplied carpets belong to
the same colour batch.
Finally, all carpets from ege should be installed in accordance with
existing installation instructions.
Pattern fitting
When working with patterned carpets it is especially important to

check for pattern fitting before the actual installation is executed.
Working with patterned carpets requires careful attention, and it
is important that this is taken into consideration when planning the
installation.
Chapter 10-6
Chapter 10-7
10.3 Cutting
Special instructions for epoca chess:

When dealing with epoca chess, special instructions apply in
terms of cutting joins.
To achieve the correct quality when cutting a carpet, knowledge

of carpet backing characteristics and available carpet tools is important. Below, cutting instructions are provided for the following
carpet qualities:
Tufted loop pile
Tufted cut pile
Flat woven
Tufted loop pile
Woven textile backing

Woven textile backing is a thin, woven and synthetic material available in 2 varieties:

a) Standard Woven Textile named WT backing.

b) Impervious named IP backing which, as standard, has
blue threads woven in to the backing to indicate that the
carpet fulfils the health sectors demands in terms of waterresistant properties.
Both types of backing should be cut according to the instructions

provided below.
Procedure tufted
loop pile
C
ut the carpet with a black carpet cutter from the pile side
notice the position of the blade.
With light pressure, push the cutter between the rows of
pile thus allowing the cutter to run along the production
lines between the rows without cutting these.
It is important not to force the blade.
All lengths should be cut.
The lengths are now ready for installation.
Latex/foam backing
Latex backing is a rubber backing available in various thicknesses
with varying firmness.

Standard residential latex named DL backing

Luxury latex named LL backing
Extra Luxury latex backing named XL backing
Contract Latex named CL backing
All latex backings should be cut according to the instructions provided above for woven textile backing on tufted loop pile.
Chapter 10-8
Procedure epoca
chess
T he joins should be cut with the illustrated carpet cutter to

ensure that the dark threads are cut through properly. It
is important not to cut too close to the dark threads. The
cut should leave behind two light threads at the edge of
one of the carpet pieces and only one light thread on the
other carpet piece. (NB! There are three light yarn rows
between each dark yarn row).
With light pressure, push the cutter between the rows without forcing the blade.
Tufted cut pile
Woven textile backing:

The woven textile backing is a thin, woven and synthetic material
available in 2 varieties:


blue threads woven in to the backing to indicate that the

provided below.
Chapter 10-9
Procedure tufted
cut pile
W
hen joining uni-coloured (plain) lengths, the cutting line
should be pre-marked on all lengths with a screwdriver
approximately 2-3 cm from the edge.
When joining patterned lengths, the cutting line should be
marked on all lengths with a screwdriver in a distance from
the edge which takes into consideration the pattern repeat
width of the carpet.
When the pile has been separated with the screwdriver,
the cut can be made between the two pile lines.
Cut the carpet with a carpet cutter from the pile side
notice the position of the blade.
With light pressure, push the cutter between the rows of
pile allowing the cutter to run along the production lines
between the rows without cutting these. It is important not
to force the blade.
The lengths are now ready for installation.

provided below.
Procedure with
pattern
P lace the lengths so that they overlap and the pattern

repeat fits.
Flip the lengths to the side.
Remember to apply a sufficient amount of adhesive
3 m per litre.
Cut the lengths with aid from a ruler and a straight blade.
Cut through both layers at once by adding sufficient pressure to the blade.
Remove the carpet pieces which have been cut away (a
sufficient amount of adhesive is left on the floor from the
bottom piece).
Finish by drum-rolling the lengths.
Latex backing:
The latex backing is a rubber backing available in various thicknesses and in varying firmness.

a) Standard residential latex named DL backing, offering

good underfoot comfort
b) Luxury latex named LL backing
c) Extra Luxury latex named XL backing
d) Contract Latex named CL backing
Woven textile backing Pile without pattern:


All latex backings should be cut according to the instructions provided above for woven textile backing on tufted cut pile.
Felt backing:
The felt backing is a specially developed synthetic felt available in
one variety:

a) Felt backing for broadloom named AB backing (Acousti

Back).
The felt backing is cut according to the instructions provided above

for woven textile backing on tufted cut pile.
Flat woven carpets with woven textile backing
Woven Textile backing Pile with pattern:

Chapter 10-10

blue threads woven into the backing to indicate that the

blue threads woven into the backing to indicate that the
Both types of backing are cut according to the instructions provided below.
Procedure without
pattern
B
EFORE cutting, glue the lengths with an overlap of
approximately 2-3 cm. This way, the lengths are not dislocated when cut, ensuring perfect fitting of the joins.
Remember to apply a sufficient amount of adhesive 3
m per litre.
Cut with the double cutter Duo, as it ensures that the top
carpet follows the fence of the double cutter.
Add pressure to the blade to make it cut through both
layers at once.
Remove the carpet pieces which have been cut away (a
sufficient amount of adhesive is left on the floor from the
bottom piece).
Finish by drum-rolling the lengths.
Chapter 10-11
10.4 Recommended tools

Using the correct tools plays an important part in ensuring a proper
and professional carpet installation result. Which tools to use depends on the carpet quality in question. Below, a number of recommended carpet tools are presented for each carpet product quality.
Tufted carpets with textile backing
The black carpet cutter:

The black carpet cutter is recommended for trimming the edges.
The black carpet cutter ensures fast and safe cutting of joins.
The pile rows on both cut and loop pile should be separated with
a rowfinder/screwdriver prior to cutting from the pile side.
Please note the position of the blade on the black carpet cutter.
Tufted carpets with latex backing
The green carpet cutter:

The green carpet cutter is recommended for trimming the edges.
The green carpet cutter ensures fast and safe cutting of joins.
The pile rows on both cut- and loop pile should be seperated with
a rowfinder/screwdriver prior to cutting from the pile side.
Along walls
When working along walls, either the yellow edge cutter or the
adjustable carpet cutter is recommended for cutting the carpet.
The yellow edge cutter:
The yellow edge cutter ensures fast and safe cutting of edges along
walls where a close cut is required. The tool is intended for flat rib
and tufted products with WT backing (woven textile).
The adjustable cutter:
The adjustable edge cutter ensures fast and easy edge cutting
along walls where a close cut is required. The angle of the blade
can be adjusted to the thickness of the carpet. The tool is applicable for woven and tufted products with both latex and WT (woven
textile) backing.
Cutting around piping, columns etc.
When working around piping, columns etc. a carpet knife with a

hooked blade is recommended for cutting the carpet.
Combi carpet cutter
The Combi carpet cutter substitutes both the green and black carpet cutters.
Please note the position of the blade on the green carpet cutter.
Flat woven carpets
When working with flat woven carpets, either a double cutter Duo
or ruler and knife is applied, depending on whether the carpet is
uni-coloured or patterned.
Uni-coloured (plain) carpets:
The double cutter Duo is recommended when working with unicoloured, flat rib carpets with textile backing. The tools ensures fast
and safe cutting of joins. The cut is made by placing the carpet
lengths so that they overlap and then cutting both carpet lengths at
once by means of the carpet cutter fence.
Patterned carpets:
Ruler and carpet knife is recommended for cutting joins of patterned flat rib carpets with textile backing. Apply a straight blade.
Chapter 10-12
Chapter 10-13
10.5 F itting carpets with latex backing

DL domestic
Carpets with latex backing are suitable for use in most livingquarters, e.g. bedrooms, rooms, living rooms, entrance halls and
corridors. In addition, the latex backing is highly suitable for hotel
rooms, conference rooms and rooms with light traffic.
Method
Full adhesion
Wet
adhesion
DL
Easy
release
system
++
Wet
fixation
Tackifying
Dry
fixation
++
Wet adhesion
The strongest adhesion method is always wet adhesion. However,
the method is often applied as late wet adhesion in order to
diminish water influence.
Procedure wet
adhension (DL)
Loose On
laying perimeter
grippers
+1

1.
Cuts of less than 25 m should be edge fixated with tape or adhesive

Cuts larger than 25 m should be full fixated
Easy release system

The easy release system is applied when a quick and economic
replacement of a carpet is needed without damaging the subfloor.
Loose laying
Loose laying should only be applied when installing cuts of less
than 25 m and only in areas with low traffic intensity. When applying loose laying, the edges of the carpet is fixated with adhesive or tape in a minimum of 5 cm width.
Procedure loose
laying (DL)
Firstly, prime the subfloor with a slip primer.

When the primer is dry, apply a dispersion adhesive with
a notched trowel and subsequently follow the procedure
described under wet adhesion.
A
dhere 1 strip of double sided adhesive tape on the floor
along the end walls. Alternatively, apply adhesion. Make
sure that all dust and dirt is removed from the subfloor.
Roll the carpet out on the floor and cut along the edges.
Remove the cover paper from the tape and press the carpet well onto the tape.
In case of joins, double adhesive tape should be applied
in the middle of the joins. Further strengthen the joins with
2 strips of tape.
Full fixation
Full fixation should be applied when installing cuts larger than

25 m. Full fixation can be made by applying the following
methods:

Wet adhesion
Easy release system
Wet fixation
Dry fixation
Chapter 10-14
R oll out and cut the carpet roughly to length. Roll approx.
half of the carpet, in the length direction, back towards
the centre and apply the adhesive to the subfloor with a
notched trowel. Subsequently, fit the carpet onto the wet
adhesive. The process is repeated for the adjoining length.
When joining the lengths, trim the edges and establish
pattern match. Subsequently, glue approx. 1/3 of the carpet down on each side of the join and press the edges
together. Use carpet clamps at the join. Glue-down the
rest of the length.
Immediately after glue-down, drum roll and cut the carpet
along the edges, starting from the middle of the carpet
length and then cut towards the edges.
After 3040 minutes, drum roll the carpet a second time
along the lengths of the carpet.

Wet fixation
Fixation adhesive is applied with a roller and the carpet is installed
onto the wet adhesive according to the same procedure applying
for wet adhesion.
Dry fixation
Dry fixation is achieved by covering the entire floor area with
double sided adhesive tape of the type Sigaway* in 100 cm
width.
Procedure dry
fixation (DL)
R oll out Sigaway in cuts on the entire floor surface the

covering paper should be left on.
Lay out the carpet and roughly cut the length.
When joining the cuts, trim the edges and establish pattern match.
The carpet is cut and laid loose onto the floor. Edge cutting must always be made from the middle of the room
and towards the corners.
Chapter 10-15
10.6 F itting carpets with contract latex

backing CL
R oll more than half of the carpet length back towards the
centre and remove the covering paper from the first two
Sigaway-lengths. The carpet is carefully put back into
place. Continue with the second half of the carpet and
subsequent lengths until completion.
Carpets with contract latex backing (CL) are suitable for use in most
living quarters, stairs and corridors. However, the CL backing is
ideal for the contract market, e.g. for use in business premises such
as offices, corridors, restaurants, hotels, hospitals, nursing homes,
discothques etc., where heavy demands are imposed on the carpet, e.g. in terms of castor chair suitability and heavy foot traffic.
* More detailed installation instructions with tips are found enclosed in the packing of the tape.
Special conditions for loop products with DL backing
When joining 2 or more lengths, the edges should be trimmed as

described in the list and procedure below:
Product name
To be cut from
the pile side
To be cut from
the back side
Use carpet cutter

shown in image no.
epoca home
epoca home basic
Method
Full adhesion
Wet
adhesion
CL
++
Easy
release
system
++
Wet
fixation
Tackifying
Dry
fixation
Loose On
laying perimeter
grippers
o
Figure 2: Overview of how to trim edges for loop products with DL backing
Full fixation
Procedure loop
products (DL)

25m and always in rooms where rolling-stock is used, e.g. chairs
fitted with castors. Full fixation can be made by applying one of
the following methods:
T he carpet cutter should be held at a slight incline against

the length which is joined.
After edge cutting, the lengths should be aligned so that
the edges meet all the way down the length.
In order to achieve the best possible result, it is important
that the structure of the loops "engages" like a zip, to the
extent possible. In case of long lengths, it is unlikely that it
is possible to maintain this effect all the way through the
length.
Wet adhesion
Easy release system
Dry fixation
Wet adhesion
late wet adhesion is often applied to diminish water influence.
Procedure wet
adhension (CL)
Image 1
Green carpet cutter
Chapter 10-16
rest of the length.
Chapter 10-17

Easy release system
Dry fixation
Dry fixation is achieved by covering the entire floor area with
double sided adhesive tape of the type Sigaway* in 100 cm width.
Procedure dry
fixation (CL)
R oll out Sigaway in cuts on the entire floor surface the

covering paper should be left on.
Lay out the carpet and roughly cut the length.
When joining the cuts, trim the edges and establish pattern match.
The carpet is cut and laid loose onto the floor. Edge cutting must always be made from the middle of the room
and towards the corners.
Roll more than half of the carpet length back towards the
centre and remove the covering paper from the first two
Sigaway-lengths. The carpet is carefully put back into
place. Continue with the second half of the carpet and
subsequent lengths until completion.
Image 1
Black carpet cutter
Procedure loop
products (CL)
C
arpets cut from the back are pre-scratched with a blunt
tool, e.g. a screwdriver. This is done by pulling the point of
the tool between two yarn lines.
The cutter should be held at a slight incline against the
length which is joined.
After edge cutting, the carpet lengths should be aligned so
that the edges meet all the way down the length.
that the structure of the loops engage like a zip, to the
extent possible. In case of long lengths, it is unlikely that
it is possible to maintain this effect all through the length.
* More detailed installation instructions with tips are found enclosed in the packing of the tape.
Special conditions for loop products
When joining 2 or more lengths, the edges should be trimmed as

described in the list and procedure below:
Product name
To be cut from
the pile side
epoca classic
Highline loop
To be cut from
the back side
Use carpet cutter

shown in image no.
1
2
Figure 3: Overview of how to trim edges for loop products
Chapter 10-18
Image 2
Green carpet cutter
Chapter 10-19
10.7 F itting carpets with woven textile

backing WT/IP
Procedure wet
adhension (WT/IP)
Carpets with WT/IP-woven textile backing are suitable for all li

ving quarters, corridors and stairs. However, the WT/IP-backing is
especially suitable for use within the contract market, e.g. for use in
business premises such as conference rooms, offices, corridors, hotels, restaurants, hospitals, nursing homes, discotheques etc. where
heavy demands are imposed on the carpet, e.g. in terms of the
carpets ability to resist loads from chairs fitted with castors etc.
Method
Full adhesion
Wet
adhesion
WT
++
Easy
release
system
++
Wet
fixation
Tackifying
Dry
fixation
Loose On
laying perimeter
grippers
o
Installation on perimeter grippers
Installation on perimeter grippers is applied in areas where an
extra feel of luxury is added to the carpet by using felt as underlay.
Installation on perimeter grippers is a craftsmans installation technique, providing a cushioning effect when walking over the carpet,
increased footstep noise suppression, high strength and elasticity,
resistance to intense traffic and finally, allowing a simple and quick
replacement of the carpet.
together. Use carpet clamps at the join. Glue down the
rest of the length.
Easy release system
The easy release system is applied in areas where a quick and
economic replacement of a carpet is wanted at a later time, without damaging the subfloor.
Firstly, the subfloor is primed with an easy release primer.
When the primer is dry, a dispersion adhesive is applied
with a notched trowel and the procedure described under
wet adhesion is subsequently followed.
Special conditions for loop products
When joining 2 or more lengths, the edges are trimmed as described in the list and procedure on the next page.
Full fixation

25m, and always in areas where e.g. chairs fitted with castors
are used. Full fixation can be achieved by applying one of the
following methods:
Wet adhesion
Easy release system
Wet adhesion
The strongest fixation is always achieved by applying wet adhesion. The adhesion is often applied to as late wet adhesion to
Chapter 10-20
Chapter 10-21
Product name
To be cut from
the pile side
To be cut from
the back side
Use carpet cutter

shown in image no.
epoca chess, wt
epoca ribs, wt
epoca pro
Is adhered in a thin layer with a long

opening time in order that it catches
during the first laying.
When cutting joins of epoca chess products, it is essential that the

cuts are made with a hand held cutter and not by overlapping and
cutting through the carpet lengths. The cut must be made carefully
to ensure that neither two dark lines nor two light lines are drawn
together when the carpet is cut.
It is important that only light pressure is added to the cutter to allow
it to run along the production lines between the rows instead of
cutting through them.
Is cut through 2 layers, using a flexible

straight edge.
compact, wt
Special tips for cutting epoca chess
Use a Stanley carpet

knife with a straight
blade.
Cross joins are not recommended. However, in cases where they are necessary,
it is essential to adhere along the edges.
Accent, wt
Is adjusted in pattern and cut through the

2 layers by using a ruler.
Use a Stanley carpet

knife with a straight
blade.
Figure 4: Overview of how to trim edges for loop products
Image 1
Black carpet cutter
Procedure loop
products (WT/IP)
T he cutter should be held at a slight incline against the

length which has to be joined.
The carpet lengths should be aligned to ensure that the
edges meet all the way down the length after which the
carpet is installed.
that the structure of the loops engage like a zip, to the
extent possible. In case of long lengths, it is, however,
unlikely that it is possible to maintain this effect all through
the length.
Chapter 10-22
Chapter 10-23
10.8 Fitting carpets with Acousti Back AB

Carpets with Acousti Back (AB) are suitable for guest bedrooms
and corridors. The backing is also very suitable for use in hotel
rooms, conference rooms and areas with light traffic.
Method
Full adhesion
Wet
adhesion
AB
++
Easy
release
system
+
Wet
fixation
Tackifying
Dry
fixation
Loose On
laying perimeter
grippers
o
Easy release system

The easy release system is applied in areas where a quick and
economic replacement of a carpet is wanted at a later time, without damaging the subfloor.
Firstly, the subfloor is primed with an easy release primer.
When the primer is dry, a dispersion adhesive is applied
with a notched trowel and the procedure described under
wet adhesion is subsequently followed.
Full fixation
25m, and always in areas where chairs fitted with castors are
used. Full fixation can be made by applying the following methods:
Wet adhesion
Easy release system
Wet adhesion
The strongest fixation is always achieved by applying wet adhesion. The adhesion is often applied to as late wet adhesion to
Procedure wet
adhesive (AB)
rest of the length.
Chapter 10-24
Chapter 10-25
10.9 F itting carpets with Comfort backing

CF300
pet down on each side of the join and press the edges
rest of the length.
After 30-40 minutes, drum roll the carpet a second time
Flat-woven carpets with comfort backing (CF300) are ideal for

use in non-residential areas such as offices, corridors, hotels, re
staurants, shops, banks and other places imposing similar high
demands on the carpets ability to resist effects of high levels of use,
characteristic of such areas.
Easy release system

The special felt backing makes this carpet particularly suited for use
in areas where acoustical properties are of high priority.
Flat-woven carpets with comfort backing are installed using a specially recommended floor adhesive, such as standard wet glue.
Method
Full adhesion
Wet
adhesion
CF300
++
Easy
release
system
+
Wet
fixation
Tackifying
Dry
fixation
Loose On
laying perimeter
grippers
o
Recommended floor adhesive
To prevent shrinkage and the joins from opening during use, it is

essential that the adhesive used is not a vinyl adhesive, as vinyl
adhesives are softer than other types of adhesives. The hardness of
the adhesive ensures permanent fixation to the floor, minimising the
risk of joins opening as a consequence of varying temperatures,
moisture and heavy use. Adhere joins with a seam sealer and
subsequently add carpet clamps at the joins.
Full fixation
25m, and always in areas where chairs fitted with castors are
used. Full fixation can be made by applying one of the following
methods:
Wet adhesion
Easy release system
Wet adhesion
the method is often applied as late wet adhesion in order to
Procedure wet
adhesive (CF300)
pattern match. Subsequently, glue approx. 1/3 of the car-
Chapter 10-26

Method
Type of adhesive
Quantity needed (g/m)
Retailer
Floor adhesive
CascoTppelim 3457
Approx.330
Casco
Uzin UZ 57 koline
Approx.300550
Uzin
Multi-Coll
Approx.480530
Wulff
Schnox Tex-objekt
Approx.400550
Schnox
Figure 5: Recommended floor adhesive for CF300 backing
ege recommends the listed adhesives for installing carpets with

CF300 backing, as they ensure correct and problem-free fitting.
Subfloors
The recommended floor adhesive is suitable for use on both concrete and wooden floors.
Chapter 10-27
10.10 Fitting of standard modular carpet tiles
The subfloor must be level, firm and smooth without any cracks
or edges. This is absolutely essential, as the structure of the subfloor surface otherwise will be visible when the carpet is installed.
Oiled, wooden floors must be thoroughly cleaned before applying
adhesive. Absorbent subfloors must be primed first.
ege Modular is especially suitable for use in business premises

such as offices, corridors, hotels, restaurants, shops, banks etc.,
where heavy demands are imposed on the carpet e.g. in terms of
castor chair suitability. The product is also applicable for use in all
living quarters, including in corridors and on stairs.
Fitting procedure
A
t joins, trim the edges of the lengths with an overlap of
approximately 35 cm. When trimming the edges, use a
straight blade and a steel ruler. PLEASE NOTE that whilst
the carpet is trimmed and cut to size, wooden floors need
to be protected with a cutting rail, a sheet of masonite or
equivalent.
Unroll the carpet and roughly trim the length. Fold over
about half of the carpet lengthwise and apply the floor
adhesive with a notched trowel and fit the backing of the
carpet into the adhesive while still wet. Then, fold over the
other half of the carpet on to the half already glued carpet
and repeat the process.
Immediately after having glued the carpet, roll it and trim it
to size along the walls. Always start the trimming process
from the middle of the carpet sides and cut towards the
corners.
Method
Full adhesion
Wet
adhesion
Modular
Easy
release
system
+
Wet
fixation
Tackifying
Dry
fixation
++ 1
Loose On
laying perimeter
grippers
o

1.
Please note that a special fixation adhesive is demanded
No loose laying
Loose laying is not suitable for ege Modular products. Instead,

either wet adhesion, easy release system or tackifying can be applied allowing easy refitting of the tiles.
Wet adhesion
The strongest fixation is always achieved by applying wet adhesion. The adhesion is often applied as late wet adhesion to diminish water influence. By applying this method permanent adhering of the modules is achieved.
Removal of carpet
It is fairly easy to remove flat-woven carpets with comfort backing

when the fitting method outlined above has been followed. On
wooden subfloors, any residue from the adhesive is easily removed
with an appropriate cleaning fluid.
Easy release system

The easy release system can be applied in areas where a quick
and economic replacement of the carpet is wanted at a later time,
without damaging the subfloor. However, by applying this method,
it will not be possible, as with tackifying, to reinstall the modules in
the same adhesive.
Recommended
solution
Tackifier
Tackifier is applied and normally recommended as this offers the
advantage to reinstall the modules in the same adhesive in a quick
and simple way.
Recommended floor adhesives for standard modular carpet tiles

If tackifier is used, only the below mentioned approved adhesive
types should be applied. Please note that these adhesive types are
Chapter 10-28
Chapter 10-29
not to be diluted with water. For further information, view instructions from the supplier of the adhesive/tackifier in question.
Method
Type
Consumption
Distributor
Tackifier
ege modular tackifier
Approx. 120-150 ml/m
egetaepper a/s
UZIN U2100
UZIN
Casco Tppefix
Casco
tiles into the wet adhesive with late opening time. Avoid
pressing the adhesive into the joins.
When applying tackifier, the adhesive should be transpa
rent and touch dry before installing the tiles.
The installation process is finished by sliding the tiles into
position, thus avoiding possible fibres becoming trapped
between modules. Remember, they must lay tight without
tension between the tiles.
Finalise by rolling the tiles.
Figure 6: Recommended floor adhesives for standard modular carpet tiles
When applying wet adhesion or the easy release system, a

number of additional, approved adhesion types can be applied.
For further information, view eges list of Recommended types of
adhesives & materials in paragraph 10.12.
Procedure
The pile direction is indicated with an arrow on the back of each

module.
Different effects
If a broadloom-like effect is wanted, the tiles can be installed by

placing the arrows in the same direction. Alternatively, the tiles can
be fitted in checkerboard, placing the pile direction at right angles
to each other.
V
acuum-clean the floor thoroughly and apply primer to absorbent subfloors, if necessary. Decide whether to place
the tiles as either broadloom or checkerboard. (See individual product guidelines for recommended direction of
installation)
Draw a line on the floor, at right angles to the entrance.
Place a number of tiles without adhesive along the line
and out to the walls to find the starting point in the middle
of the room. Calculate 2-3 cm for adjustment of slants
along the wall.
On this basis, estimate whether the end result will be symmetrical.
To the extent possible, the tiles should be placed in bond.
When applying permanent adhesion, the tiles should be
pressed into the wet adhesive with late opening time.
Avoid pressing adhesive into the joins.
When applying easy release system, begin by priming the
subfloor with a slip primer. When this is dry, apply the dispersion adhesive with a notched trowel and then press the
Chapter 10-30
Chapter 10-31
10.11 Fitting area rugs and runners with

woven textile (WT) backing
When working with area rugs and runners with WT-backing displacement or curving may be a problem when installed on a hard
subfloor such as wooden floors. This is not due to faults in the
product, but merely a result of built-in tensions which are released
when influenced by factors such as room temperature, humidity
and foot fall traffic.
Leave the adhesive to dry for approx. 24 hours.

When the adhesive is dry, turn the rug or runner around.
The rug or runner is now ready for installation.
Installation method
Area rugs and runners can be fixated to hard surfaces by applying
a very simple method which neither damages the carpet nor the
subfloor on which the carpet is installed.
Fixation adhesive
Instead of adhering the carpets according to traditional methods,

simply use a fixation adhesive which is applied on the back of the
carpet. When the fixation adhesion is dry after approx. 24 hours,
the carpet can be turned and adhered to the floor.
Back facing up while adhesive is applied
Subfloor
The method can be used on the existing useable floors such as

parquet, marble and laminate floors.
The floor has to be completely planed, dry, free of grease and
preferably free of remains from polishing agents, soap or other
surface treatment agents, e.g. as applied to such as lino and vinyl
floors.
Material
The following materials are recommended when fixating area rugs

or runners with WT backing:
C
asco fixation adhesive or UZIN universal fixation or Ultrabond Eco Fix
Mohair roll
Fitting procedure
Turn the carpet with the backing facing up.

Apply the adhesive by using a mohair roll. The adhesive
can be diluted with water in the ratio 4 parts of adhesive
and 1 part of water.
Chapter 10-32
Chapter 10-33
Rug ready for installation
10.12 Recommended adhesives
Adhesive types
The following types of adhesives have been tested and can be

applied if indicated under the installation method:
Adhesive types
Full fixation
Loose
laying
Wet
Easy
Wet
Tackifier Dry
Edge
adhesion release fixation
fixation fixation
Loose
laying
Wet
Easy
Wet
Tackifier Dry
Edge
adhesion release fixation
fixation fixation
egetaepper a/s
ege modular Tackifier
ege 90RH Adhesive
++
++
++
Wulff
Wulff AC 11*
Casco
Full fixation
CascoProff Solid 3480*
++
Tape
Taeppelim 3457*
++
ege Tape 5 cm. width
++
++
Sigan 1
++
++
++
Sliplim Primer 3443

Casco Tppefix
++
Sigan 2
Casco Fixeringslim 3455*
++
Sigan 3
Styccobond F3
Styccobond F40
Styccobond F41
++
++
Ultrabond ECO 200
++
Ultrabond ECO 350
++
Ultrabond ECO 800
++
Floortex*
++
Emiclassic*
++
Combi Proff*
++
UZ 52*
++
UZ 75*
F. Ball
Interlanda
Greentack 3000*
Figure 7: Recommended adhesives

o = not suitable + = suitable ++ = highly suitable (recommended)
*M
eet the European GEV-Emicode EC 1 demands with as little emission to the surroundings as possible. (GEV =Gemeinsam Emissionskontrollierte Verlegewerkstoffe e.V.)
Kiesel
Okatmos ET 60*
Mapei
Schnox
Multifix*
Uzin
++
Universalfix*
++
Uzin U2100
++
Chapter 10-34
Chapter 10-35
11. Maintenance instructions

Proper, consistent carpet maintenance is critical to extend the
life of your carpet and to sustain an optimum performance and
appearance level and a healthy indoor environment.
The maintenance instructions presented in this chapter, provide you
with detailed information on how to best maintain an ege carpet.
The purpose of the instructions is to ensure optimum performance
benefit of your investment.
Chapter 11-1
11.1 Preparing a maintenance plan

Plan the
maintenance
Before installation it is advised to prepare a maintenance plan to

ensure that factors such as budget, personnel and areas requiring
particular attention are taken carefully into consideration. Maintenance personnel are advised to obtain detailed floor plan of facili
ty and identify areas of heavy soiling:
Daily maintenance
Schedule vacuum
cleaning
The general recommendations for vacuuming frequency are as follows:
Track-off areas
Areas where carpet collects tracked-in soil from the outside or from
hard-surfaced floors. Track off regions average 90 square feet (6
x 15 m) at building entrances, 10 square feet (2 x 5 m) at internal
doorways, and 40 square feet (5 x 8 m) in corridors which are
six feet wide.
Heavy traffic areas: Daily

Medium traffic areas: Twice a week
Light traffic areas: Once or twice a week
Vacuum cleaning equipment: Two types of vacuum cleaning
equipment are available for daily maintenance of commercial installations. These are:
Congested Channels
A concentrated channel of foot traffic, such as doorways, stairwells
or drinking fountain areas. A congested channel average 3 feet
(0,9 m) around doorways and 10 feet (3 m) around elevators.
H
eavy-duty, wide track machine for wide, open areas.
Should have effective suction power and an enclosed,
high-efficiency particulate filtration bag and be equipped
with adjustable cylindrical brushes to whip embedded soil
to the surface.
An industrial version of the domestic upright for tighter
areas. Should have the same features as mentioned above
and should have hose and wand attachments for hard-toreach areas. A backpack vacuum with a high airflow and
high-efficiency filtration provides increased productivity.
Traffic Lanes
Areas with the largest concentration of foot traffic.
In addition, a complete and effective programme should include
three maintenance categories: preventative, daily and periodic
maintenance.
Preventive maintenance
During planning, it is important to establish preventive measures to
prevent soiling of the carpeting. In addition to maintain the appearance and performance of the carpet, effective preventive measures
will automatically reduce the costs of additional cleaning.
Use mats
Choose
appropriate colours
Entrance/barrier mats
Place mats in entrances and elevators to collect dirt before it reaches the carpeted area. For optimum effect, make sure that the mats
cover a distance of several footsteps.
Colour selection
Select colours appropriate to traffic areas and potential soiling
problems. Medium colours, tweeds and patterned carpets hide
soil, whilst lighter colours mask fading. To maintain an acceptable
visual appearance and cleaning standard, light and uni-coloured
plain carpets must be cleaned on a more frequent basis than dark,
patterned carpets.
Chapter 11-2
Vacuum cleaning is one of the most important and most costeffective elements of an efficient maintenance programme. Daily
vacuum cleaning is able to remove more than 80 % of all dry soil.
Vacuum cleaning should be scheduled according to the amount of
potential soil build-up of the area in question.
Periodic pile brushing with a pile lifter vacuum pre-conditions the

carpet and removes dry, deeply embedded soil from high traffic
areas. This can be especially helpful prior to carpet cleaning.
HEPA- micro filter
Use a vacuum cleaner with a good and efficient HEPA-micro filter

system in order to remove fine dust and maintain a good indoor
climate. The HEPA filter system which has been developed in cooperation with the Asthma and Allergy Association extracts
99.997% of pollen, dust, animal scales and other particles.
Periodic maintenance
Cleaning
Chem-Dry method
Periodically scheduled extraction cleaning removes accumulated

soil which has not been removed by regular vacuum cleaning and
spot removal. Cleaning of transition areas, track-off areas and congested channels will be required according to localised use and
conditions. ege recommends the Chem-Dry Method.
Chapter 11-3
The Chem-Dry method

The Chem-Dry method is used as regular cleaning method. A hot
(60-75 degrees) ph-neutral, heavy carbon dioxiding aqueous solution is brushed on to the carpet which is subsequently absorbed
and dried with a cotton disc.
Advantages:
Extremely efficient cleaning method
Small quantities of water used
No soaking of the backing
No use of chemicals
The dirt is mopped from the carpet pile
Short drying time (typical 1-2 hours)
Method and agent with a minimum load on the indoor
climate
Carpets keep clean longer as no remaining concentrations
of dirt attracting soap or chemicals are left in the carpet.
CAUTION
The first time a cleaning agent or stain remover is used on a carpet,
it must to be examined to determine whether the agent is harmful
to the carpet or not. Damages may occur as a consequence of
colour bleed, discoloration, bleaching or dissolution. It is recommended to test the cleaning agent and the stain remover in an
inconspicuous area, e.g. in a corner, under a radiator or the like.
The test should be made according to the prescribed dosages and
action times.
Dry cleaning
Alternative systems such as absorbent Compound (Host Dry Extraction) may be used when specified and if no time can be allowed for the carpet to dry before it needs to be walked on again.
Check the carpet
Take immediate
action
Follow instructions
After cleaning
Check the carpet for possible remaining stains which have not
been removed during the cleaning process and treat them accor
dingly. Do not walk on the carpet before it is completely dry. The
carpet also has to be quite dry before furniture is put back in place
as chair legs and the like may rub off on the wet carpet.
Spot Cleaning
Damage from spills can be minimised by taking immediate action.

As soon as a spill occurs, blot with a clean, white, absorbent towel
and repeat until the spill is fully absorbed. ege recommends using
a professional spot removal kit, as for example ege Stain Remover
or Chem-Dry Spot Remover. Be sure to follow instructions and take
proper precautions when using other cleaning agents.
Lightweight portable extractors are available for more efficient removal of spills. These portable extractors assist in thoroughly remo
ving spills, rinsing cleaning solutions, and extracting wet spills. It is
important to follow the manufacturers spot removal instructions to
prevent voiding existing warranties. Failure to follow existing instructions could result in damaged carpet fibres.
Chapter 11-4
Chapter 11-5
Glossery
A
Abrasive wear: Wear or texture change to an area of carpet that
has been damaged by friction caused by rubbing or foot traffic.
Acid dyeable nylon: Nylon polymer that has been modified
chemically to make the fibre receive acid dyes. Acid dyeable yarns
are available in different dye levels (light, medium and deep).
Adipic acid: A base ingredient in the production of Type 6.6
nylon. Adipic acid has a chain of six carbon atoms. It is reacted
with hexamethylene diamine, which also has six carbon atoms, to
polymerize Type 6.6 nylon.
Aesthetics: Properties perceived by touch and sight, colour, luster
and texture of carpet.
Affinity: The tendency for two elements or substances to combine
chemically. An example is the affinity of acid dyes for nylon fibre.
Air-entangling (also known as intermingling, commingling or
heathered): A method of producing yarn by combining two or
more BCF fibres together. Fibres are locked together via air jets
at regular or irregular intervals. The process is used to obtain special effect yarn (e.g., mixing dye variants to get heather effects
upon subsequent dyeing or combining different colours of solution
dyed fibre). Various air-entangling processes exist making it possible to produce a wide range of aesthetics in finished yarns, from
highly blended, near solid looks to yarns where individual colours
are accented and colour separation mimics that of plied yarns.
Amine end groups: The terminating (-NH2) group of a nylon polymer chain. Amine end groups provide dye sites for nylon (polyamide) fibres.
Antimicrobial: An agent that kills microbes.
Antistatic: A carpets ability to dissipate an electrostatic charge
before it reaches a level that a person can feel.
Antistatic properties: Resisting the tendency to produce annoying
static electric shocks in situations where friction of the foot tread
builds up static in low-humidity conditions. Some nylon fibres introduce a conductive filament in the yarn bundle to conduct or dissipate static charges from the human body. Olefin fibre is inherently
Glossery 1
static-resistant, as it is similar to the surface of most shoe soles (only

dissimilar surfaces rub to create a static charge). There are two
basic methods for controlling the buildup of static in nylon carpets:
1. Treating the carpet with a topical spray. This is not permanent
and creates a tendency for the carpet surface to soil.
2. Adding a carbon composite nylon filament into the bundle of
yarn to act as a dissipating rod carrying the static charge away
from the person generating it.
Atmospheric fading test: A test that indicates a change of shade
or hue of dyed fabric caused by a chemical reaction between certain dyes and acid gases. Recommended test methods for carpets
(AATCC 129 Ozone and AATCC 164 Oxides of Nitrogen)
would specify a minimum rating, after two cycles, of no less than
International Grey Scale for Colour Change rating of 3.
Attached cushion: Padding, such as foam rubber or polyurethane,
that is made as an integral part of the backing.
Autoclave:
1. An oven-like apparatus for use in yarn heatsetting operations.
Under pressure in a superheated steam atmosphere, yarn is
given a memory of its twist. Autoclave heatsetting is a batch,
not a continuous, method.
2. An apparatus for making polymer under heat and pressure.
Average pile density: The weight of pile yarn in a unit volume
of carpet. It is expressed in ounces per cubic yard in the formula:
Density = pile yarn Weight (in ounces per square yard) times 36
divided by pile Thickness or pile Height (in inches). Average pile
density factors for commercial carpets range from 4200 to 8000.
Axminster: A weaving method originating in the eighteenth century in Axminster, England. In this method, individual pile tufts are
inserted from spools of coloured yarns, making possible an almost
endless variety of colours and geometric or floral patterns.
B
Backing: The fabric and yarns that make up the side of the carpet
that lays next to the floor. In tufted carpets there are two types of
backing.
Primary backing: a woven or nonwoven fabric through which the
yarn is inserted by the tufting needles.
Secondary backing: Fabric that is laminated to the back of the
carpet to reinforce it.
Glossery 2
Back coating: An adhesive compound applied for the purpose of

locking pile yarn tufts into a carpet backing, bonding a secondary
backing to a primary backing, increasing the fabric body or stiffness, and increasing dimensional stability.
Backing fabric: A fabric into which a pile yarn is inserted or a
reinforcing layer which is adhered to the reverse side of a fabric.
Bale: A container of approximately 650 lbs. of staple fibres,
wrapped and ready to be shipped to the yarn spinner or carpet
mill with yarn-spinning capacity.
Barber-pole: Two different colours of yarn twisted together to form
a two-ply yarn.
BCF yarn: An abbreviation for Bulked Continuous Filament yarn
referring to synthetic fibres in a continuous form. BCF yarn can be
used in cut or loop-pile construction.
Beam: A large cylinder on which carpet yarns, usually pre-dyed,
are wound prior to feeding onto tufting, weaving or fusion bonding
equipment.
Beck dye: Dyeing of tufted greige carpet in a large vat of dye
liquor. In this process, the carpet roll is sewn into a loop and then
is continuously rotated and immersed in the heated vat for several
hours. Most commonly used for cut pile carpet, it offers good custom colour flexibility.
Berber: A loop-pile carpet that offers great durability, a full comfortable texture and a casual, informal look. Often, these carpets
incorporate flecks of colour that contrast with the primary hue. The
term Berber has expanded to include many level and multi-level
loop carpet styles.
Binding: A special stitch, band, or strip sewn over a carpet edge
to protect and/or decorate it.
Bleeding: Loss of colour by a fabric or yarn when immersed in
water or a solvent, as a result of improper dyeing or the use of dyes
of poor quality. Fabrics that bleed will stain white or lightly shaded
fabrics that come in contact with them when wet.
Blend: A mixture of two or more fibres or yarns.
Blending: The mixing of staple fibres before they are carded,
drafted and spun into yarn. Blending is done for consistency in the
final yarn and is a critical step to avoid streaks in a carpet.
Glossery 3
Boucle:
1. An uneven yarn of three plies, one of which forms loops at
intervals.
2. A fabric made of boucle yarns and having a looped or knotted
surface.
Bound Carpet: Carpet that is cut and bound (by stitching or ser
ging around all sides) but not attached to the floor.
Branded fibre: Synthetic fibre produced by a fibre manufacturer
who also produces the raw ingredients and polymer and who has
quality control of the entire process. Branded fibre is warranted by
the fibre manufacturer.
Bright: The opposite of dull or matte when describing luster.
Broadloom: Wall-to-wall carpets, up to 4 and 5 meters width.
Bulking: Also known as crimping or texturizing. Bulking imparts
texture/fullness to the fibre or yarn during production. Bulking is
done to increase the coverage the yarn will have in the carpet
face. Bulking also adds to fibre resiliency.
Bulk development: The process of a textured or latent crimp yarn
to achieve maximum bulk. Carpet fibres develop maximum bulk
during wet processing such as dyeing.
C
Cable: Carpet with casual cut pile construction featuring chunky
tufts and long pile height.
Cabled yarn: A yarn formed by twisting together two or more
plied yarns.
Caprolactam: The single basic ingredient in the production of
Type 6 nylon. Caprolactam has a chain of six carbon atoms. It is
a petrochemical.
Carpet tile: Also called Modular carpet or tile. Generally 48 x

48, 50 x 50, 60 x 60 or 96 x 96 cm squares cut from broadloom
carpet.
Cationic dyeable nylon: Nylon polymer that has been modified
chemically to make the fibre receptive to cationic (basic) dyes.
Cationic dyeable yarns are used in conjunction with acid dyeable
yarns to produce multicolors in piece dye methods.
Cleanability: The ability or degree that a stain is removed from a
carpet.
Colour matching: The proper coordination of colour and shade.
Critical to colour matching are:
1. The light under which the colours are compared. (The light
source being used in the real conditions of the commercial environment should be used to match colours.)
2.The surface texture of the object being matched (cut pile carpet
can appear darker than loop made of the same yarn).
3. T he surface luster of the object being matched (higher yarn luster
can look darker than lower luster fibres).
Colour fastness: The ability of a fibre or carpet to retain colour
when exposed to
1. ultraviolet light,
2. crocking (wet or dry) and
3. a
tmospheric conditions (according to manufacturers and government test standards).
Commercial matching: Matching of colours within acceptable
tolerances or with a colour variation that is barely detectable to
the naked eye.
Commingled yarn: See Air-entangling
Construction: The carpet manufacturing method usually tufted, woven or bonded. The term also can refer to the specific details of
a particular carpets specification, including fibre type, yarn twist
level, density, method of dyeing, etc.
Carpet: Carpet is a heavy fabric used to cover floor and made

from a variety of fibres.
Continuous dyeing: Dyeing of carpet (greige) while it travels continuously through a dye range. The process is frequently referred to
by the name of one of the prime machinery manufacturers, Eduard
Kuster (pronounced Kooster). Continuous dyeing can produce
multicoloured or solid-coloured carpet. Multicoloured carpet is
achieved by using yarns of varied dye affinity, or with various accessories that can give a pattern or overprint. Advantages include
Glossery 4
Glossery 5
Carding: The step after blending in the staple spinning process

which combs out the loose fibres and arranges them in orderly
strands called sliver. Sliver is drawn and blended, then twisted and
further drawn into yarns.
large dye lots, relatively low cost and colour flexibility. However,
this method is more critical than beck dyeing or yarn dyeing for
side-to-side matching consistency (the carpet must be installed in
roll sequence).
Continuous filament: Unbroken strand of synthetic fibre, such as
filament nylon or olefin. Nylon and olefin are made by extruding
molten polymer through a spinnerette (similar to a showerhead).
The fibres are cooled, then stretched and textured into bundles referred to as yarn. This yarn can be plied or commingled with other
yarn and then tufted.
Continuous heatsetting: The process of applying heat to yarns to
set or retain bulk, twist and spring introduced by spinning and/or
twisting. Continuous heatsetting can be applied to staple or continuous filament yarns. The two primary types of continuous heatsetting equipment are the Superba, which uses steam and pressure,
and the Suessen, which uses dry heat.
Conventional backing: Carpet with a primary and secondary
latex-laminated woven or nonwoven fabric.
Converter: An intermediate that usually buys raw fibre, processes
it to a carpet manufacturers specification, then sells the finished
product to the carpet manufacturer.
Cotton count: The yarn numbering system based on length and
weight originally used for cotton yarns and now employed for
most staple yarns. It is based on a unit length of 840 yards, and
the count of the yarn is equal to the number of 840-yard skeins
required to weigh one pound. Under this system, the higher the
number, the finer the yarn. A typical carpet yarn might be a three
cotton count two plied, written as 3.0/2c.c.
CRI (The Carpet and Rug Institute): A national trade association
representing the carpet and rug industry.
Crimp: In fibre, a nonlinear configuration, such as a sawtooth, zigzag or random curl relative to the fibre axis. Most synthetic fibres,
both staple and filament, used in carpets are crimped. Fibre crimp
increases bulk and cover and facilitates interlocking of staple fibres
in spun yarns.
Crocking: The removal of dye from a fabric by rubbing. Crocking

can be caused by insufficient dye penetration or fixation, the use
of improper dyes or dyeing methods, or insufficient washing and
treatment after the dyeing operation. Crocking can occur under dry
or wet conditions.
Cross section: The shape of a fibre when cut perpendicularly to
its axis. Man-made fibre cross sections vary to produce a wide
variety of physical effects such as soil-hiding characteristics, soil
releasing, luster, and fineness or coarseness. Hollow filament fibre
shapes are highly engineered and are among the most advanced
filament cross sections. The delta is among the most advanced
staple cross section.
Crushing: The collapsing of pile yarns, resulting in carpet matting
and loss of resilience. This form of carpet failure usually occurs in
the areas of heaviest traffic. It is also called matting and walking
out. It can be minimized by the use of more resilient fibres, denser
construction, somewhat higher weight and (in cut pile) with higher
tuft twist and proper heatsetting.
Curvilinear crimp: The three-dimensional crimp patented by INVISTA for its BCF yarn. This texture is added to the yarn by a series
of air jets. Curvilinear crimp gives consistency, bulk and springback memory that is needed in the manufacture of cut pile filament
carpets and streak-free loop carpets.
Cushion: The material placed under a carpet for softness and
support. It helps reduce noise, increases insulation benefits, and
contributes to a softer feel underfoot. Purchasing an incorrect type
of cushion may invalidate your warranty. Also known as padding
or underlay.
Cushion-backed carpet: Carpet having a cushion, padding or
underlay material as an integral part of its backing.
Cut and loop pile: Carpet hose face shows a pattern, either geometric or floral, made up of a combination of loop pile tufts and
cut pile tufts. Also called cut/uncut. The carpet can be dyed solid
or multicoloured.
Crock fastness: The resistance of transfer of colorant from the surface of a coloured yarn or fabric to another surface, or to an adjacent area of the same fabric, principally by rubbing.
Cut pile: A carpet in which the yarn loops are cut to create a
textured look and feel.
Pattern cut pile: Made from saxony yarn, this carpet features a
sophisticated look created by running cut pile and loop pile on a
level pile height.
Glossery 6
Glossery 7
D
Decitex: The metric equivalent to denier; equals the total weight in
grams of 10,000 meters. Decitex is used in Canada and Europe.
Deep-dyeing fibres: Fibres made from polymers that have been
chemically modified to increase their dyeability. Carpets made of
deep dye fibres can be dyed more easily to a darker colour depth.
Delamination: A form of deterioration of tufted carpet in which
the primary backing and face yarns separate from the secondary
backing.
Delustering: Synthetic fibres with polymer additives and/or crosssection design modification that limit its natural brightness or reflectivity. Delustering improves soil-hiding characteristics, as it limits the
soil magnification that would occur with clear or shiny fibre.
Denier: Denier is the amount of yarn per area of carpet.
Drawing (Third stage of nylon production):

1. The process of fibre stretching to align molecules after extrusion.
This process gives fibres greater tensile strength. This is done in
synthetic fibre production after the molten fibre strands harden.
2. T he process of pulling and thinning of sliver (combed staple
fibre strands) in the spinning of staple yarn. Multiple ends of
sliver are blended by feeding them through rollers at a slower
speed than their uptake. This causes the fibres to be pulled or
drawn and parallelized. The resultant finished sliver is ready to
be spun into yarn.
Drop match: A drop match is a pattern that continues across the
carpet diagonally or at a 45-degree angle to the edge of the
seam.
DSDN solution dyed nylon: Carpets of DSDN nylon provide
the right balance of stain resistance, colour fastness and value for
budget sensitive installations. It is ideal for tenant improvement (TI)
and hospitality (rooms carpet).
Denier per filament (dpf): The size of an individual filament (BCF

or staple). Dpf is the weight in grams of 9,000 meters of the individual filament. It can be calculated by taking the yarn denier and
dividing it by the number of filaments in the yarn bundle. Common
range of commercial carpet dpfs is 15 dpf to 28 dpf.
Dull: A term applied to manufactured fibres that have been chemically or physically modified to reduce the brightness of the fibre.
Density: Density refers to the amount of pile yarn per area of

carpet or the closeness of the tufts. Higher density carpet improves
resistance to crushing and matting.
Dye sites: Functional groups within a fibre that provide sites for
chemical binding with the dye molecule. Dye sites may be either
in the polymer chain or in chemical additives included in the fibre.
1. An individual fibre making up a yarn to be tufted into carpet.
2. An individual pile yarn in a tufted carpet or a roll.
3. An end or short length of carpet or remnant.
Differential dyeability: Fibres which have different dye affinities

combined together to produce multicolour carpet from a single
dyeing.
Dimensional stability: The ability of carpet to retain its size and
shape once installed. Typically, dimensional stability is obtained in
tufted carpet by the application of a secondary backing. In woven
carpet, dimensional stability is normally provided by choosing
stable backing yarns, especially the stuffer and filling, as well as
by application of latex to the completed carpet.
Double-glued seams: Double-glued seams attach carpet to bare
floor to prevent delamination and edge ravel. Installers should
double-glue seams to prevent fuzzing.
Glossery 8
Dye lot: A quantity of carpet dyed at one time or made from yarn
dyed at one time which is consistent in colour throughout the fabric.
E
Extra heavy traffic: More than 10,000 traffics per day. Could
also include some directional, nondirectional, pivoting and rolling
traffic, as well as tracked-in dirt. See Foot traffic units.
Extrusion (Second stage of nylon production): The process of
forcing molten material through a spinnerette (similar to a showerhead). Once exposed to air cooling, the fibre strands harden. It is
at the extrusion stage that many of the fibre engineering improvements take place: cross section design, shape, size and uniformity
to give better soil hiding, soil releasing, and strength. All synthetic
carpet fibres are extruded.
Glossery 9
F
Face weight: Face weight is the number of ounces of fibre per
square yard in the face of the carpet (not including the backing).
The face weight affects performance and durability. Face weight is
different from density because it varies with carpet height.
Fadeometer: A standard laboratory testing machine, which uses
gas, light or ozone to conduct fading tests.
Fading: Loss of colour caused by sunlight or artificial light, atmospheric gases including ozone, nitrogen dioxide and hydrogen
sulphide, cleaning and bleaching chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite, and other household and industrial products. Commercial installations in areas where such exposures occur require care
in selection of colourfast carpet.
Fading tests: Laboratory tests designed to predict the likelihood of
carpet fading under actual use conditions. Fading is usually caused
either by ultraviolet light or by exposure to ozone or nitrogen oxide
gas. Carpets can be tested in laboratory for results against fading
agents. Dye stuff, hue or fibre can affect fading. A specific carpet
being considered for a critical installation should be tested prior to
final selection.
Fibre: Fibre is the fundamental unit of carpet. Carpet fibres are
made from nylon, polyester, cotton, acrylics, wool, and recycled
material.
Fibre engineering: Refers to improvements to the fibre including:
1. Polymer characteristics
2. Polymer additives (delusterant or solution dye pigments)
3. Cross section design
4. Fibre finishes (low surface energy fluorochemical coatings for
soil release)
Fibre shape: Refers to the cross section and size of individual
filaments. Fibre shape impacts soil hiding and soil release (cleanability).
Fibre size: Refers to the denier per filament (dpf) or thickness of a
filament. Fibre size impacts soil-trapping and soil-releasing capabilities.
Filament: Fibre which has been extruded and is then converted
into yarn fibre, staple or tow.
Finishing: Processing of carpets after tufting (weaving) and dyeing

is called finishing. Processes include application of secondary
backing, application of attached foam cushion, application of soilresistant treatment, shearing, brushing, dyeing, printing and others.
Flame-resistant: A term used to describe a material that burns
slowly or is self-extinguishing after removal of an external source
of ignition. A fabric or yarn can be flame-resistant because of the
innate properties of the fibre, the twist level of the yarn, the fabric
construction, the presence of flame retardants or a combination of
these factors.
Flame resistance tests (also called flammability tests): Procedures that have been developed for assessing the flame resistance
of carpets. The European accepted method is EN 13501-1, Radiant panel test: A test for the flammability of carpets in which the
specimen is mounted on the floor of the test chamber and exposed
to intense radiant heat from above. The rate of flame spread and
the smoke emission is assessed.
Flocked: Flocked carpet is made of tufts of wool or cotton fibre.
Fluffing: Loose fibre fragments remaining from the manufacturing
process that appear on a carpet surface. This condition is remedied by vacuuming and carpet use; also known as fuzzing or
shedding.
Fluorine analysis: A measurement of the amount of soil resistance
chemical (fluoro-chemical) applied to the fibre during the carpet
manufacturing process. This can be performed for the initial application of the fluorochemical as well as for the durability of the
chemical to remain after hot water extraction cleaning.
Foot traffic units: One foot traffic unit is described as a pedestrian
walking across a measured section of carpet, one time. Foot traffic
is classified as follows:
Light: less than
100/day,
Moderate:
100 1,000/day,
Heavy:
1,000 10,000/day,
Extra Heavy:
more than 10,000/day.
Frames: Racks at back of a Wilton loom that hold spools from
which yarns are fed into the loom. Each frame holds separate
colours; e.g., a three-frame Wilton has three colours in the design.
Filament count: The number of individual filaments that make up

an extruded yarn fibre, staple or tow.
Glossery 10
Glossery 11
Frieze: A yarn that has been very tightly twisted to give a rough or
nubby appearance to the finished carpet pile. It is good for hiding
footprints. Pronounced free-zay.
Fusion bonding: Fabrication of carpet for a 6" wide or modular
tile. It uses a thermoplastic process that implants yarn in a liquid
vinyl compound to two backing materials in a sandwich configuration. A knife splits the sandwich to create two carpets simulta
neously. Spun yarn is used in this process, and only cut pile carpets
are produced.
Fusion bonded carpets: Backing material for fusion-bonded carpet is a system of layered vinyl or plastic compound and fibreglass
scrim for dimensional stability.
For Tufted Carpets:
1. Primary backing In tufting, a woven or nonwoven fabric in
which the pile yarn is inserted by the tufting needles. Usually
woven or nonwoven polypropylene for carpet. In the past woven jute was used.
2. Secondary backing Fabric laminated to the back of carpet to
reinforce and increase dimensional stability. Usually woven or
nonwoven polypropylene.
For Woven Carpets:
Backings of woven carpets are the construction yarns comprising
chain warp, stuffer warp, and shot or fill, which are interwoven
with the face yarn during carpet fabric formation.
Fuzzing: Fuzzing occurs when fluffy particles appear on carpet
surfaces. It is caused by fibres that loosen because of weak twist or
snags. Professional carpet cleaners can shear the carpet to remove
fuzzing.
G
Gauge: The distance between two needle points in knitted or
tufted carpet. It is usually expressed in fractions of an inch.
Gauge/pitch: The number of ends of surface yarn counting across
the width of carpet. In tufted carpet, gauge is the number of ends
of surface yarn per inch counting across the carpet; e.g., 1/8
gauge = 8 ends per inch. In woven carpet, pitch is the number
of ends of yarn in 27 inches of width; e.g., 216 pitch divided by
27 = 8 ends per inch. To convert gauge to pitch, multiply ends
per inch by 27; e.g., 1/10 gauge is equivalent to 270 pitch, or
10 ends per inch.
Glossery 12
Graphics machine: A form of tufting machine capable of pro

ducing patterns, usually by the use of shifting needle bars that may
be individually controlled, or by individually controlled needles
or a combination of the two. Major refinements using computer
technology have been engineered into graphics machines. Each
new machine improvement brings tufting patterns nearer to those
of woven capability.
Greige goods: Pronounced gray goods. Term designating carpet in an undyed or unfinished state.
H
Hand: How the carpet feels to the touch. Factors determining how
the carpet feels include weight, stiffness, fibre type, dpf, density
and backing.
Heatsetting: Heatsetting is the process of heating or steaming
yarns to hold their twist. Most nylon, olefin, and polyester cut pile
carpets are heatset.
Heavy traffic: 1,000 to 10,000 traffics per day. Could also include some directional, nondirectional and rolling traffic, as well as
tracked-in dirt. See Foot traffic units.
Heddle: A frame of parallel wires (like needles) through which
warp yarns are threaded. The heddle is raised and lowered to
interlace face yarns.
Hexamethylene diamine: A chemical compound with a chain of
six carbon atoms which is reacted with adipic acid to make Type
6.6 nylon. It is a petrochemical.
Hexapod drum test: An instrument to test pile floor coverings to
produce changes in appearance and colour due to changes in
surface structure by mechanical action. This accelerated test, primarily used in Canada, provides a specific rating of the ability of
the carpet to withstand crushing and matting.
Hollow filament fibres: Refers to filaments with one or more interior
voids. Hollow core fibres improve the soil-hiding ability of nylon by
diffusing light passing through the fibre.
Hybrid carpet: A carpet in which two or more different yarn types
are combined in the carpet construction.
Glossery 13
I
International Grey Scale for Colour Change: A standard comparison to rate degrees of colour change from 5 (no change) to 1
(severe change).
International Grey Scale for Staining: A standard comparison to
rate degrees of staining from 5 (no stain) to 1 (severe stain).
ISO (The International Organization for Standardization): A
non-governmental, worldwide organization whose work results
in international agreements that are published as International
Standards.
J
Jute: A fibrous plant, native to India and Asia, which can be shredded and spun into yarn, used for backing in woven carpets, or
itself woven into sheets and used as secondary backing on tufted
carpet. In many applications, jute is being replaced by fibreglass,
polypropylene or other synthetic fibres.
Level loop: The fibre in the carpet is stitched in uncut loops of the
same size. It creates a smooth, level surface.
Light traffic: Less than 100 traffics per day. Could also include
some directional traffic, but no tracked-in dirt. See Foot traffic
units.
Light fastness: The degree of resistance of dyed textile materials to
the colour-destroying influence of sunlight. Two methods of testing
are in use:
1. Exposure to sunlight, either direct or under glass
2. A
ccelerated laboratory testing in which several types of artificial
light sources are used.
Loop pile: A tufted or woven carpet pile surface where the face
yarns are comprised of uncut loops. Loop pile can be level, textured or multilevel.
Luster: Brightness or reflectivity of fibres, yarns, carpets or fabrics. Synthetic fibres are produced in various luster classifications
including bright, semi-bright, semi-dull and mid-dull. The luster of finished carpet could also be influenced by yarn heatsetting methods,
dyeing and finishing. In high-traffic commercial areas, duller carpet
yarns are often preferred for soil-hiding ability.
Knit-de-Knit: See Space dyed.
Knitting: A fabrication process comprised of interlacing yarns in a

series of connected loops with needles. Some carpet is produced
by knitting, but it is generally categorized as woven carpet. In
carpet knitting, as in weaving, pile and backing are produced
simultaneously. Multiple sets of needles interlace pile, backing and
stitching yarns in one operation.
Matting: Matting is the usually irreversible adhesion of carpet yarn

caused by traffic or dirt.
Kuster: A trade name of a manufacturer of continuous dyeing machines which apply dye to tufted carpet.
Melting point: The temperature at which a carpet fibre changes

from a solid to a liquid.
Memory: Carpet memory refers to texture retention.
Metameric colour match: A colour match between two materials
in which the colours are identical under some lighting conditions
but not under others. Metameric colour matches are common when
different pigments or dyestuffs are used to colour the two materials.
Latex: A water emulsion of synthetic rubber, natural rubber, or

other polymer. In carpet, latex is used for laminating secondary
backings to tufted carpet, backcoating carpet and rugs, and for
backcoating woven carpets and rugs. Almost all carpet latex consists of styrene-butadiene synthetic rubber (SBR) compounded with
large quantities of powdered filler.
Methenamine Pill Test: A carpet ammability test described in fe

deral regulations CPSC1-70 and CPSC 2-70. It measures the size
of the burn hole produced by an ignited methenamine tablet under
controlled conditions. Also used on the back of the carpet.
Glossery 14
Glossery 15
Mill-extruded fibre: Synthetic fibre that is extruded by a carpet

manufacturer using polymer purchased from a fibre producer or
chemical manufacturer. Type 6 nylon and polypropylene (olefin

fibre) are commonly mill extruded.
2. A
ny primary backing material manufactured by a method other
than weaving.
Moderate traffic: 100 to 1,000 traffics per day. Could also include some directional and nondirectional traffic, some pivoting
and little tracked-in dirt. See Foot traffic units.
Nylon: A petrochemical-based fibre invented in 1938. There are

two basic types of nylon used in the production of carpet: Type
6.6 nylon and Type 6 nylon. Nylon is produced in bulked continuous filament for use in loop carpets and cut pile carpets, and
staple nylon that is spun into yarn for use in cut pile carpets. Nylon
is the dominant fibre choice for commercial use due to its wear
characteristics.
Modified delta cross section: An advanced fibre cross section

engineered by INVISTA. The smooth delta shape hides soil and
minimizes soil buildup more than trilobal cross sections. (The trilobal
has deep crevices that trap soil particles).
Modular carpet or tile: Also called carpet tile. Generally 48 x
48, 50 x 50, 60 x 60 or 96 x 96 cm squares cut from broadloom
carpet.
Monofilament: A single filament of a man-made fibre usually of a
denier higher than 14. Monofilaments are usually spun individually
instead of through a spinnerette.
Moresque: A multi-colour carpet made of (moresque) yarns which
are produced by ply-twisting two or more singles yarns of different
colours or shades. The moresque aesthetic can be achieved by
using long space dyed yarns in a patterned carpet where tonal
colours have been used in the space dyed yarns.
Multifilament: Multiple continuous filaments or strands of manmade fibre that are extruded together, usually from multiple holes of
a single spinnerette. Multifilament yarns are texturized to increase
bulk and cover, and are called bulked continuous filament (BCF)
yarns.
Multilevel loop pile: A woven or tufted carpet style having tufts of
varying pile heights, resulting in a sculptured appearance, pattern
or subtle shading. Today most multilevel loop styles are made on
tufting machines equipped with servo motor controls. The servos
allow for precise patterning and more exact yarn control/usage.
N
Needle punched: Needle punched carpet is stitched into backing
material.
Nonwoven:
1. Any carpet manufactured by a method other than weaving, but
particularly those composed of fibres held together by chemical,
mechanical, adhesive or fusion means.
Glossery 16
Nylon Type 6.6: Made with two base chemical ingredients:

adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine. Type 6.6 nylon has a
tighter molecular structure, making it more resilient and more resistant to stains than Type 6 nylon. In the U.S., where the highest
commercial carpet standards are set, more than 60 % of all nylon
carpets specified are Type 6.6 nylon.
Nylon Type 6: Made from one base ingredient: caprolactam.
Compared to Type 6.6 nylon, Type 6 nylon accepts dye at a
faster rate. The more open molecular structure of Type 6 nylon
allows dye stuffs (and stains) in more readily. Common spills and
stains such as coffee, soda, foodstuffs and medicine will stain Type
6 nylon more readily than Type 6.6, whether solution dyed or
conventionally dyed.
Nylon flake (or chip): Polymer that has been cut into small pieces
for storage or for immediate melting in the fibre extrusion process.
O
Olefin fibre: Also known as polypropylene. It is used for molded
items, sheets, films and fibres. Made from a by-product of gasoline
refining, olefin has one ingredient: propylene. Since propylene is
widely available at a comparatively lower cost than nylon base
ingredients, olefin is less expensive than nylon. Olefin does not accept aqueous-based dyes or stains. Colour is added in the manufacturing process in the form of pigment. Printable modifications
are available but not extensively used. Olefin is a lightweight fibre
and can have good bulk and cover. However, the polymer base
creates a soft fibre which has poor resiliency, a lower melting point
and poor texture retention as compared to nylon. The carpet fibre
is available as bulked continuous filament yarn. Only when budget
is the main consideration, lower life expectancy is anticipated, and
long-term appearance retention is not a priority, olefin can be considered.
Glossery 17
Optimum twist: The term used to describe the amount of twist that
gives the best texture retention and/or necessary carpet aesthetic.
Ozone fading: The fading of colour from a dyed or pigmented
fibre caused by atmospheric contaminants of ozone.
P
Package dyed: This is similar to skein dyeing in as much as undyed yarn is wound on perforated tubes and the packages are
dyed by passing dye liquor through the packages under pressure.
Pad dyed: A process of dyeing carpet, yarn or fibre stock con
tinuously. The material to be dyed passes through a trough containing the dye liquor and then between heavy rollers that squeeze the
dye liquor evenly into the material.
Parallel spinning: Spinning method most commonly used in spinning nylon staple fibre into yarn. Staple fibres measuring 4 to
8 are paralleled by combing and drafting until the fibres are in
regular even slivers, or strands of combed yarn. Multiple slivers are
combined to make up one finely drafted sliver. This sliver can be
further blended for extreme consistency. The final sliver is put on
a spinning frame and further drawn (or pulled) as twist is applied,
turning the fibre into a cohesive singles yarn ready to be plied and
heatset. See Sliver.
Pattern match: Lining up patterned carpet in such a way that the
design element is continued across seams, making the finished
installation appear cohesive. Patterns must be matched in the same
way as they appear on the carpet itself either in a set match or
drop match.
Pattern streaks: Visually apparent streaking in patterned carpet
resulting from linear juxtaposition of pattern elements in one direction. It is usually most visible in the length direction. It is not a carpet
defect, but is inherent in certain designs. Contract specifiers should
view rolls of carpet laid out on a floor to evaluate geometric or
other busy patterns for this characteristic which may be objectionable in long corridors and other large areas, but not visible in small
rooms.
Patterned loop: A woven or tufted carpet style having all tufts in a
loop form in either a defined or random pattern or design.
Picks per inch: In woven carpet and fabric, the number of fill yarns
per inch of length. Comparable to stitches per inch in tufting.
Glossery 18
Piece dyed: A method in which tufted carpet is dyed, as opposed

to yarn dye methods in which colour is added to yarn before tufting.
Pigment: Highly coloured, insoluble substance used to impart
colour to other materials. White pigments (e.g., titanium dioxide)
are dispersed in fibre polymers to produce delustered (semi-dull
and dull) fibres. Coloured pigments are added to polymer to create producer coloured or solution dyed yarns.
Pile: The visible surface of a carpet, consisting of yarn or fibre tufts
in loops that can be either cut or uncut. Also known as the face
or nap of a carpet.
Pile crush: Loss of pile thickness by compression and bending
of tufts caused by foot traffic and heavy pressure from stationary
furniture. The tufts collapse into the space between them. It may
be irreversible if the yarn has inadequate resilience and/or the pile
has insufficient density for the traffic load.
Pile height: The length of the tufts measured from the primary backing top surface to their tips. Pile tufts should be gently extended but
not stretched during accurate measurement.
Pile Reversal: Pile reversal or shading is a feature of cut pile carpet. Traffic bends the carpet fibre in different directions creating an
impression of light and dark areas. Regular vacuuming can create
uniform shades.
Pile thickness: The resulting thickness when the thickness of the
backing is subtracted from the total thickness of the finished carpet.
Pile weight: The weight in ounces of the fibre in a square yard of
carpet.
Pile yarn: The yarn making up the tufts of the carpet.
Pill test: See Flame resistance tests.
Pilling: A condition, often caused by heavy use, in which fibres
from different tufts of carpet become entangled in one another
forming hard fibre masses or pills. These pills can be cut off with
scissors.
Pin drafter: A mechanism used in parallel spinning to orient the
fibres by using combing pins and rollers.
Glossery 19
Pitch: See Gauge/pitch.

Plush: A cut pile carpet in which the individual carpet fibres appear
to be cut the same length. The carpet offers a smooth, luxurious
surface.
Ply: A measure of the number of individual yarns twisted together
to produce the finished carpet yarn. For example, a two-ply yarn
means that each tuft consists of two yarns twisted together. For
cut-pile carpets, plied yarns must be heatset to prevent untwisting
under traffic.
Polyester fibre: A synthetic fibre, usually produced with staple fibre
and spun yarns, that is used in some carpet fibre.
Polymer: Polymers are large chemical molecules from which synthetic fibres are made. Polymers are complex, chain-like molecules
made by uniting simpler molecules called monomers. Synthetic
polymers used for commercial carpet fibre include Type 6.6 nylon
and Type 6 nylon (polyamides) and polypropylene.
Polymerization (first stage of nylon production): A chemical reaction where small molecules combine to form much larger molecules.
Polypropylene: See Olefin fibre.
Post-dyed: Carpet that has been dyed in its tufted form. Post-dyed
means the carpet rather than the yarn has been dyed.
Power Stretcher: A tool used to install residential carpet that prevents wrinkles and ripples.
Pre-dyed: Carpet that has been constructed with coloured yarns
either by solution dyeing or yarn dyeing.
Primary backing: See Backing.
Printed carpet: Carpet having printed coloured patterns. Printing
methods include flatbed screen printing, rotary screen printing, and
modern computer-programmed jet injection printing.
Private label: A carpet manufacturer brand name given to a fibre
that is mill extruded or produced by a fibre manufacturer. At any
given time the carpet manufacturer may choose to change the
source of fibre which results in varying performance characteristics
of the carpet.
Glossery 20
Producer-coloured pigment: Colour introduced into nylon fibre at

the nylon manufacturing stage.
PVC hard-backed or closed-cell PVC (polyvinyl chloride): Used
mostly in carpet tile or 6" wide goods due to its weight and stiffness. PVC gives a stiff, stable backing with little cushioning but
excellent tuft bind and stability.
R
Radiant panel test: A test for the flammability of carpets or rugs
in which the specimen is mounted on the floor of the test chamber
and exposed to intense radiant heat from above. The rate of flame
spread is assessed. (ASTM-E-648 Class I .45 watts/cm; Class II
.22 watts/cm.)
Random sheared: A carpet texture created by lightly shearing
(shaving off) either level loop or high-low loop so only some of the
tufts are sheared. Shearing gives a cut and loop texture.
Red 40 Stain Scale: A standard comparison to rate degrees of
Red Dye 40 staining from 10 (no staining) to 1 (severe staining).
Repeat: The distance from a point in a design in a patterned carpet
to a point where the identical pattern appears again, measured
lengthwise and widthwise in the carpet. In matching the pattern,
there will inevitably be some waste of carpet in order to obtain the
best possible side matchwhether it is a drop or set match pattern.
Resilience: The ability of carpet to spring back to its original texture
and thickness after being walked on or compressed by the weight
of furniture. Also known as resiliency.
Rippling: Heat and humidity can cause ruffles or waves in wall-towall carpet. A professional carpet retailer or installer can re-stretch
the carpet with a power stretcher.
Rows or wires: In woven carpet, this is the number of pile yarn tufts
per running inch lengthwise. Called rows in Axminster and wires
in Wilton and Velvet carpet. Analogous to stitches per inch in
tufted carpet.
S
Sawtooth crimp: Also called zigzag crimp, this is a two-dimensional crimp that gives yarn cohesion, texture and bulk.
Glossery 21
Saxony: The carpet fibre loops are cut and twisted to create a
relatively dense, consistent look. Saxony carpet presents a smooth,
luxurious surface and is generally for formal settings.
Seams: The line formed by joining two pieces of carpet. The
pieces can be sewn together, or fastened with various seaming
tapes or other adhesives.
Secondary backing: See Backing.
Selvage: The edge of the carpet. Most commercial carpets are
shipped with the selvage on. Residential carpet is usually trimmed
to the face yarn.
Set match: Refers to a pattern in a carpet which continues straight
across the installed carpet at right angles to the seams.
Shading: Apparent colour shade difference between areas of the
same carpet caused by normal wear and/or random difference in
pile lay direction. It is a characteristic of cut pile carpet. It is not a
manufacturing defect.
Shearing: Finishing process in cut pile carpet manufacturing to create a smooth carpet face. The shearing process can also be used
to create texture, as in random shearing.
Shedding: New carpet tends to shed for a few weeks after installation. Regular vacuuming can resolve this problem. Shedding is
more common in cut pile carpet and in wool carpet. Synthetic fibre
carpet (such as nylon) does not shed as much.
Singles yarn: One yarn end of either continuous filament yarn or
spun yarn. Singles yarn is most often plied, twisted, or air-entangled
with additional singles yarns to create a two-ply, three-ply or
four-ply yarn bundle.
Sisal: A type of woven floor covering originally made of vegetable fibres such as grass and jute. Now synthetic alternatives are
available that offer a more comfortable feel as well as interesting
textures, patterns and prints.
Skein dyed: A method of dyeing yarn. Undyed spun or filament
yarns are plied and heatset, then reeled into skein form and dyed
in skein dye kettles.
Glossery 22
Sliver: An intermediate stage in the production of spun yarns from

staple fibre. It is a large, soft, untwisted strand or rope of fibres
produced by carding or pin drafting.
Smoke chamber test: Method that assesses smoke generating
characteristics of a carpet sample due to pyrolysis and combustion
by measuring the attenuation of a light beam by smoke accumu
lating in a closed chamber under controlled conditions.
Snags: Snags can occur when an object tangles in carpet. Usually, you can simply cut the snag with sharp scissors. If the snag
is large, however, call in a professional carpet cleaner, retailer, or
installer to resolve the problem.
Soiling: Soiling occurs when dirt particles build up in carpet fibres.
Regular vacuuming and cleaning will prevent this problem.
Soil hiding: The ability of a fibre to mask the presence of soil.
Soil resistance: The ability of a carpet fibre to resist dry soil and
maintain its original appearance after intermittent or restorative
cleanings. The amount of soil resistance can be determined by
fluorine analysis.
Soil retardant: A chemical finish applied to carpet fibres or surfaces that inhibits the attachment of soil.
Solution dyed: Pigment is added to the molten polymer from which
the filaments are made. The fibre is extruded in coloured form.
Space dyed: A method of dyeing yarn. Space dye refers to yarn
with multiple colours printed on each strand. There are three basic
processes used to create this effect: the warp system, the knit-deknit process and the continuous dye process.
1. In the warp system, multiple strands of yarn are continuously
printed at spaced intervals with different colours. These yarns
usually have long spaces of each colour.
2. In the knit-de-knit process, the yarn is first knitted into a tubular
fabric (sock), then dyed to a solid colour and then overprinted
with up to seven different colours. These yarns usually have
short spaces of colour.
3.In the continuous dye process, yarn is dyed as singles or plied
yarn and colour is applied either by air jet or dye rolls. This process allows for yarns to have either long or short spaces of colour.
Spinnerette: The device (similar to a showerhead) which forms
strands of filament as molten polymer is pumped through. It is at
Glossery 23
this stage that the fibre cross section, fibre size and the number of
filaments in a yarn bundle (for continuous filament) are determined.
Spinning: The conversion of staple fibre into spun yarn.
Sprouting: The raising up of an individual tuft or fibre above the
level of the pile. These may be cut with scissors. If the sprouts are
large, however, call in a professional carpet cleaner, retailer or
installer to resolve the problem.
Spun yarn: Yarn that is made up of short lengths of fibre, either
synthetic staple or natural fibre.
Stain resistance: The ability of a carpet fibre to resist the absorption of stain and maintain its original appearance. For carpets to
resist stains, some manufacturers use a topical stain resist treatment
that may be removed after hot water extraction.
Staple fibre: Also called staple. Short lengths of fibre which have
been chopped from continuous filament in lengths of 4 to 7,5.
Staple fibre must be further processed (spun) into yarn before it can
be tufted/woven into carpet. Nylon and polyester are examples of
synthetic fibres available in staple form.
Static control test: A measurement of the amount of static discharge that occurs under specified conditions.
Static control: See Antistatic properties .
Static electricity: Cold and low humidity often create isolated
motionless charges of electricity. Some carpets provide static resi
stance. Humidifiers also limit static electricity buildup.
Static shock: Buildup of electrostatic energy on a carpet and the
subsequent discharge to a conductive ground such as a file cabinet. Various static control conductive systems are used in commercial carpet to dissipate static charge before it builds to the human
sensitivity threshold, which is 3.5kV.
Stitches: The number of yarn tufts per running inch of a single row
in a tufted carpet.
Stitches per inch (SPI): Number of yarn tufts per running inch
along the length of the carpet (as opposed to the gauge which is
the number of stitches across the width of the carpet).
Glossery 24
Stock dyed: Used for staple fibre only. Undyed, loose staple fibres
are dyed in a vat. They are then blended, carded and spun into
yarn.
Stretch-in: The procedure for installing residential carpet over a
separate cushion using a tackless strip with a power-stretcher.
Suessen: A trade name of a German manufacturing company and
its continuous heatsetting process. In Suessen setting, dry heat is
applied to twisted yarn. The heat builds bulk and locks twist into
the thermoplastic fibres memory.
Superba: A trade name of a French manufacturing company and
its continuous heatsetting process. In Superba setting, steam and
pressure are applied to twisted yarn. Heat and pressure are applied to build the bulk and lock twist into the thermoplastic fibres
memory.
Surface area: The perimeter of an individual fibre filament or multiple filaments.
Surface energy: Technical measure of the tendency of a surface
in this case, the carpet yarn to repel molecules of another substance. Low surface energy refers to a repelling action.
Synthetic fibre: Produced by man-made means, not available in
nature in the same form.
T
Tackless trip: Wood or metal strips fastened to the floor near the
walls. The strips have two or three rows of pins angled up toward
the walls on which carpet backing is fastened during a stretch-in
installation.
Tensile strength: The strength along the length of a fibre.
Texture: Visual and tactile surface characteristics of carpet pile,
including such aesthetic and structural elements as high-low and
cut and loop patterning, yarn twist, pile erectness or layover, harshness or softness to the touch, luster, and yarn dimensions.
Texture Retention: Texture retention or carpet memory is the ability
of tufts to retain their shape under traffic. Caring for care will help
texture retention.
Glossery 25
Textured loop: A woven or tufted carpet style having all tufts in a

loop form, usually with two or three pile heights. There is generally
less difference between the lowest and highest pile heights than
would be found in a multilevel loop carpet.
Twist: Winding the fibre around itself to strengthen a fibres resi

stance to crushing.
Texturizing: In synthetic fibre production, crimp or texture can be

put into the fibre by different methods. The most common for carpet
yarns are:
1. Air jet methods for BCF. In this texturizing process, yarn is fed
through the turbulent region of an air jet. In the jet, the yarn structure is modified by heat and air.
2. Stuffer box method for staple. Yarn is fed into a chamber and
compressed. The individual filaments are forced to fold or bend
at sharp angles.
Two-ply: Most common yarn ply. Two single yarns are twisted
together, then heatset to maintain their twisted configuration. Can
be used in either cut or loop pile carpet.
Thermoplastic: A molten resin process that permanently adheres

the primary and secondary backing. This backing system is branded as Unibond by Lees Carpets.
Tip definition: Visible individual twisted cut yarn ends in a carpet
surface. If, under heavy wear and pivoting, the tufts have been
splayed open, the carpet is said to have lost its tip definition.
Tip shearing: Shaving off tufted high loops in the finishing process
to create a cut and loop texture or pattern.
Titanium dioxide (TiO2): A compound that is used primarily as a
delusterant in fibre.
Total weight: Weight (ounces) per square yard of the total carpet
pile yarn, primary and secondary backings and coatings.
Tow: Continuous synthetic fibre filaments (without twist) collected in
a loose rope-like form and held together by crimp. Tow is the form
before fibre is cut into staple.
Tuft bind: The force required to pull a tuft from a carpet.
Tufted: A method of manufacturing carpet. Tufts of fibre are inserted through a carpet backing to create a pile of cut and/or
loop ends.
Twist level: Twist level is the number of turns per inch of yarn.
U
Underlay: The cushion or padding that lays underneath rugs.
Unitary: A single lamination of fabric backing with high rubber
content latex or hot-melt resin compound for increased tuft bind.
Used primarily with loop pile carpet.
Urethane (polyurethane): A polymeric resin applied by the carpet mill in the finishing process. In the heat and curing chamber it
reacts and creates a foam-like texture. This backing encapsulates
the yarn for extra tuft bind with a cushion attached.
V
Velvet carpet: Woven carpet made on a loom similar to a Wilton
loom but lacking the jacquard mechanism. Velvet carpets are gene
rally level loop, level cut/loop or plush, in solid or tweed colors.
Vettermann drum test: An instrument to test pile floor coverings
to produce changes in appearance and colour due to changes
in surface structure by mechanical action. This accelerated test,
primarily used in the US, provides a specific rating of the ability of
the carpet to withstand crushing and matting.
Vinyl: Colloquial term for the synthetic polymer, polyvinyl chloride.
Also called PVC. PVC is used as a carpet back-coating for carpet
tiles and 6" goods. Vinyl foams have been used as attached cushions. Many walk-off mats have solid sheet vinyl backing.
Turns per tuft (TPT): The number of twists in the pile yarn above the
primary backing. A more accurate way of measuring relative twist
level in cut pile carpets. Generally, the greater the turns per tuft, the
better the performance.
Glossery 26
Glossery 27
Warp: A weaving term for yarns in woven fabrics and carpets

that run in the machine direction (or lengthwise). Warp yarns are
usually delivered to a weaving loom from a beam mounted behind
the loom. Woven carpets usually have three sets of warp yarns,
which may be wound on three loom beams. These include stuffer

warp for lengthwise strength and stiffness, pile warp which forms
the carpet surface tufts, and chain warp which interlaces with fill
yarn to lock the structure together.
Waterfall Installation: Stairs are composed of a tread (the upper horizontal part of a step) and a riser (the upright member
between two stair treads). Waterfall installation attaches carpet to
two points on each step (one at the back of the tread and one at
the bottom of each riser). This type of installation extends the life
of carpet on stairs. When the carpet on the treads become worn,
they can be taken up, reversed, and reinstalled with the worn areas
placed over the risers.
Watermarking: Irregular random shading or pile reversal in cut
pile carpet. Although much research has been done in an effort
to determine the cause for watermarking, there has never been a
single or consistent reason determined.
Weaving: The original method for manufacturing carpet. In the
weaving process, backing yarns are woven into a durable fabric
while, simultaneously, face yarns are looped over wires and interlocked in the woven back.
Weft: Yarns which run widthwise in woven carpet interlacing with
various warp yarns.
White dyeable fibre: Man-made fibre that is extruded as a white
fibre. The fibre can be dyed any colour using a variety of dye
methods either before or after the tufting/weaving process.
Wilton: A type of woven carpet and the loom used to manufacture it. Wilton looms have jacquard pattern mechanisms which use
punched cards/computer programmes to select yarn colour. The
carpets are often patterned or have multilevel surfaces.
Wires: Parts of carpet weaving looms composed of thin metal rods
or blades on which the pile tufts are formed. Round wires and cut
wires are identical in shape. The cut wire has a small knife blade
at the end and, as it is withdrawn, it cuts the yarn looped over it
to form cut pile.
Wool: The original carpet fibre. Wool is noted for its excellent
dyeability, luxurious feel and relatively high cost.
fibre webbing. This webbing is blended with other webbing, then

spun into yarn.
Woven backing: A tufted carpet term for primary or secondary
backing manufactured by the weaving process. Secondary backings are usually woven jute or woven polypropylene.
Woven carpet: Carpet produced on a loom. Warp pile yarns
intertwine with wires and backing yarns called warp yarns. These
yarns are locked in with the weft yarns. Warp stuffer yarns are
included to provide extra stability. Weaving is a slower, more expensive, labour-intensive fabrication method than tufting. Woven
carpet is distinguished by intricate patterns and tailored, controlled
textures.
Woven: Carpet that is manufactured on a weaving loom in which
the lengthwise yarns and widthwise yarns are interlocked to form
a fabric.
Y
Yarn: A continuous strand of fibres used in tufting, weaving and
bonding to form carpet and other fabrics. Carpet yarn is often
plied and may be either spun staple or continuous filament.
Yarn construction: An indication of the number of singles yarns
combined to form a plied or heathered yarn.
Yarn count: A number used to describe the size of the yarn. Denier
is used for BCF yarns, and cotton count for spun yarns.
Yarn denier (bundle): The total weight in grams of 9,000 meters
of a filament yarn bundle. Common commercial carpet yarn deniers range from ~1,200d to 5,000d.
Yarn dyeing: Applying colour to yarns which are later used in
making carpet. It can be in continuous yarn dyeing methods such
as space dyeing or can be in batch methods such as skein dyeing.
Yarn ply: The number of single fibres twisted together to form a
plied yarn.
Woolen spinning: Spinning method which produces bulky, hairy

yarn, usually used for wool yarns. A series of cards, or large cy
linders with comb-like teeth, straighten the fibres into a paralleled
Yarn size: The weight measure of the total bundle of filaments

making up a yarn that indicates whether the yarn is fine or coarse.
Continuous filament yarns are sized by the denier or decitex sy
stem. Spun yarns are sized by the cotton count system.
Glossery 28
Glossery 29
Yarn weight: Total amount of yarn used in the manufacturing of

carpet. It is measured in ounces per square yard.
Z
Zippering: A loop pile carpet in which tufts are pulled from the
backing resulting in long, lengthwise pulls out of the carpet. Zippering occurs when the tuft base is not securely encapsulated by the
backing compound.
Glossary sources:
Stainmaster Carpet:
http://www.stainmaster.com/global/glossary.jsp
Antron Carpet Fibre:
http://antron.net/content/resources/carpet_glossary/ant06_03.
shtml
Carpet.org:
http://www.carpet.org/glossary.htm
Bibliography
Antron Carpet Fibre: http://antron.net/content/resources/carpet_
glossary/ant06_03.shtml
Carpet.org: http://www.carpet.org/glossary.htm
Cayless, SM, Slip, trip and fall accidents: relationship to building
features and coroners report, Applied Ergonomics, 155-62;2001
UN, The World Commission on Environment and Development,
Our Common Future, 1987
Hayley, France, Does flooring type affect risk of injury in order
in-patients?, Nursing Times (July), Vol. 90.
Jan Hansen, Hverdagens sm std kan skyldes kunstige
stolesder, Ingeniren
Mitchell W. Sauerhoff, Ph.D. DABT, Carpet, Asthma and Allergies
Myth or Reality, May 19, 2008
NFA (previously Arbejdsmiljinstituttet), Stj fra menneskelig akti
vitet et udredningsarbejde, 2006
Penetron International Newsletter, June 07: http://www.penetron.
com/newsletter/english/june07/pdf-June07.pdf
P. Trappl, Teppishbden auf Fussbodenheizungen, Textil-PraxisInternational, June 1981
Stainmaster
glossary.jsp
Carpet:
http://www.stainmaster.com/global/
T. Behrens,W. Maziak, S.K. Weiland, P. Rzehak, E. Siebert, U.

Keil, Symptoms of Asthma and the Home Environment. The ISAAC
I and III Cross-Sectional Surveys in Mnster, Germany, Int. Arch
Allergy Immunol Vol. 137, 2005
The Carpet and Rug Institute, The Carpet Primer, 2003
Teknologisk Institut, Tr og Textil, Tekstil Brugsegenskaber og
vedligeholdelse, 2008
Glossery 30
Bibliography 1
we create more than carpets
egetpper a/s
Industrivej Nord 25
DK-7400 Herning
Head Office
Tel. +45 97 11 88 11
Fax: +45 97 11 95 80
E-mail: ege@ege.dk
www.egecarpet.com

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Carpet

10.5 F itting carpets with latex

11. Maintenance instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

Class 22+ 6-3

Bitumen 4-14, 4-17, 4-18, 5-19

Black carpet cutter 10-8, 10-12, 10-19, 10-22

Bleach resistance 5-14

Bonding compound 4-6, 4-11, 4-12, 4-13

BRE 8-11, 8-12

CL backing 4-15, 10-8, 10-10, 10-17

Carr modular 5-19, 5-24

Casa 5-3, 5-18

Conductive fibres 3-4, 6-10

Conran & Partners 5-8, 5-10

CEN/TS 14159 9-2

Construction data 9-1

CF300 backing 4-17, 10-27

Contract classes 6-3

Contract collections 5-3

CITYSCAPES 5-19, 5-23

Contract qualities 5-4, 5-19, 8-14

Contra modular 5-19, 5-22

Contra stripe modular 5-19, 5-22

Easy release system 4-14, 4-16, 10-2, 10-3, 10-14, 10-15,

Creating well-being 2-3

ege certificate 7-2

Cutting 3-1, 10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, 10-9, 10-10, 10-11,

ege design bank 5-4

EMAS 2-2, 8-7, 8-8, 8-9

Daily maintenance 4-18, 11-3

Emissions 3-2, 3-4, 8-4, 8-5

Danish Indoor Climate Labelling 4-18, 5-22, 8-13, 8-14

Designer collections 5-3, 5-8

EN 1307 3-2, 4-18, 5-4, 5-19, 6-2, 6-3, 6-11, 9-1

Design process 5-2

DESIGN SPOT 5-4, 5-7

Design team 2-2, 5-1, 5-12

Diagonal slanting 9-2

Energy 3-1, 3-4, 8-7, 8-11, 8-12

EN fire classification 6-4

Dispatch 5-2, 5-14, 5-18

DL backing 4-15, 10-8, 10-10, 10-16

ege laboratory 6-2

Environmental management systems 2-2, 8-3, 8-8

epoca chess 5-15, 8-14, 10-9, 10-22, 10-23

Full fixation 10-2, 10-3, 10-14, 10-17, 10-20, 10-24, 10-26,

epoca compact 5-15

epoca globe 5-15

Gauge 4-4, 4-12

epoca nordic modular 5-19, 5-21

Green carpet cutter 10-12, 10-16, 10-19

epoca pro 5-15, 8-14, 10-22

Green design 5-21

epoca profile modular 5-19, 5-21

Green house gas 3-4

epoca ribs 5-15, 10-22

Highline Express 5-3, 5-4, 5-7, 5-23

Face yarn 4-6, 4-7

Highline modular definitions 5-19, 5-23

Felt 3-3, 4-14, 4-17, 10-10, 10-20, 10-26

Highline Specials 5-3, 5-12

Felt backing 4-17, 10-10, 10-26

Highline twist modular 5-19, 5-22

High traffic 4-14, 4-15, 11-3

10.5 F itting carpets with latex

1. What to know when

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