An ANN-Based Model and Design of Single-Feed Cross-Slot Loaded Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna

IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm

Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5984
A Publisher for Research Motivation........
Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2016
An ANN-Based Model and Design of Single-Feed

Cross-Slot Loaded Compact Circularly Polarized
Microstrip Antenna
Rakesh K. Maurya1, Binod K. Kanaujia2, A.K. Gautam3 , S. Chatterji4 , Sachin Kumar5
1
Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, MJP Rohilkhand University,
Uttar Pradesh-243006, India
2,5
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Communication Technologies &
Research, Delhi-110031, India
3
Department of EC Engineering, G.B. Pant Engineering College, Uttrakhand-246194, India

4
Department of Electrical Engineering, NITTTR, Chandigarh-160019, India
ABSTRACT
An artificial neural network (ANN) based model and design is proposed for single-feed compact sized circularly polarized
microstrip antenna (CPMA). The training data sets for ANN-based model are collected from Ansoft HFSS v.14 for varying the
dimensions of slots and slits with the size of antenna at different relative permittivity and loss tangent with best axial ratio. To
achieve an accurate ANN model, Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm and three hidden layered MLP network is trained. The
design antenna consists of eight slits introduced at the boundary and corners of the radiating square patch with a cross-slot in
the centre. The proposed antenna shows a compactness of 42% from conventional circularly polarised antenna with 3-dB axial
ratio bandwidth of 1.9%. At last, the ANN model is validated by comparing its result with the electromagnetic simulation and
measurement, which shows good agreement among them. The design model may be a good choice for small antenna
requirement with circular polarization for indoor WLAN application and ANN model is enormously useful to design engineers
for CAD models.
Keywords: Artificial neural network, circularly polarized, compact microstrip antenna, synthesis model
1. INTRODUCTION
Microstrip antenna are used for several communication applications due to their numerous advantages like simplicity,
low manufacturing cost, light weight, low profile, reliable and ease in fabrication [1-2]. Currently, circularly polarized
microstrip antennas are used in RFID systems, GPS, WLAN applications and mobile satellite communication due to
their mobility and freedom in the orientation angle between a transmitter and receiver in comparison with a linearly
polarized microstrip antenna. Normally, in CPMA dual-feed and single-feed structures are used. Dual-feed gives a wide
axial ratio, but suffers with complicated structure and increase in antenna size, however single-feed CPMA has
advantage of simple structure and compact size [3-6]. Nowadays, personal mobile communication and modern
transceiver systems need convenient compact antenna to satisfy the severe constraints on the physical dimensions of the
portable gadgets. A number of compact CPMA structures operating at fixed frequency have been reported in the
literatures [7-16]. These includes circular and square patch loaded with slits and fed along with 45 at one of the slits
[7-9], corner chopped square MSA with four slits [10-11], square ring MSA with truncated corners [13], truncated
square patch with group of four bent slots [14] and diagonally asymmetric slotted MSA [16]. In recent few years
artificial neural network based CAD models have been applied for analysis and synthesis of MSAs in various forms
such as circular, rectangular, triangular patch antennas [17-20]. ANN based CAD model are much popular due to their
accuracy in results, ability and adaptability to learn, least information requirement, quick real time response and simple
implementation feature. A neural network model can be developed by learning through training. Training process
minimize the training error between the target output and the output of ANN. This trained model can be used any time
during such types of antenna design.
In this paper, an ANN based model and design is proposed for single-feed compact sized circularly polarized microstrip
antenna. The compactness is achieved by loading a cross-slot in the centre of the single-feed CPMA [8]. Further,
compactness is achieved by introducing slits at the corners of the patch maintaining the circular polarization. The
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ISSN 2321-5984
proposed antenna with different design specification are synthesized, simulated and measured to validate the model.
The ANN model shows good agreement with the simulated and experimental results.
2. ANTENNA STRUCTURE AND DESIGN

Figure 1 shows the basic structure of single-feed circularly polarized square microstrip patch antenna and is named as
antenna 1 [8]. Figure 2 shows the proposed structure of the cross-slot loaded circularly polarized microstrip antenna
and is named antenna 2. Finally, proposed antenna structure with four slits inserted at the corners of the square patch is
shown in Figure 3 and is known antenna 3.
Figure 1 Geometry of single-feed circularly polarized square microstrip antenna (Antenna 1)
Figure 2 Geometry of proposed cross slot loaded square microstrip antenna (Antenna 2)
The antenna is fed at the diagonal of the patch using 50 coaxial probe. Finally proposed antenna 2 and antenna 3 are
fabricated and printed on a 1.6 mm thick FR-4 epoxy substrate of relative permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent 0.0012. The
size of the ground plane for both the antenna is 46 X 46 mm2. The detailed optimized dimensions are listed in Table 1
and Figure 4 shows the photograph of the fabricated patch.
Figure 3 Geometry of proposed compact circularly polarized antenna with slits at the corner (Antenna 3)
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ISSN 2321-5984
Table 1. Optimized dimensions of the proposed structure

Antenna Parameters
mm
Size of square patch, L*L
30*30
Length of slit, u
10
Length of slit, v
9.2
Width of slit, w
1
Length of cross slot
10
Width of cross slot
1
Length of corner slit along diagonal PR
12.5
Length of corner slit along diagonal QS
10.5
Width of corner slits
1
3. DEVELOPMENT OF ANN BASED MODEL

Artificial neural network is one of the most popular and intelligent tool for synthesis of these types of problem. ANNs
have gained attention as fast and flexible tool for antenna modeling having non-linear response, simulation and
optimization [21-22]. In the course of developing an ANN model, the architecture of neural network and the learning
algorithm are two most important factors. Earlier a number of structure and architectures have been used by many
researchers [17-21]. The selection of structure and architecture for a particular model implementation depends on the
problem to be solved by head and trial basis. After several experiments using different architecture coupled with
different training algorithms, the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural network architecture and Levenberg-Marquardt
(LM) algorithm is found suitable to train the MLPs for obtaining high precision synthesis models [23-24]. An MLP
consist of three layers: an input layer, one or more hidden layers and an output layer. The accuracy of ANN-based
model depends on data sets used in training and testing. The data sets are collected from simulated structure on Ansoft
HFSS simulator, for different cross-slot length/width and corner-slit length/width, relative permittivity and loss
tangents. The data collection of proposed antenna 2 and antenna 3 for optimized dimensions shows the variation of S11
with frequency for different cross-slot length and cross-slot width [25]. It is observed that the resonance frequency of
antenna 2 decreases with increase in length and width of cross-slot. Hence, the resonance frequency of antenna 2
depends upon the dimensions of cross-slot. The variation of S11 with frequency for antenna 3 at different length and
width of corner-slits is shown [25]. Again it is found that the resonance frequency of antenna 3 is decreases with
increase in length and width of corner-slits for entire band of operation in circular polarization region. Finally by these
observations the optimized dimension for proposed antenna is found and is listed in Table 1 and collected data sets are
used for training and testing of ANN model. Thus out of 4000 data sets collected, 3500 were used for training and rest
were used to test the model. After several trials, by changing the epoch and neurons, it was found that the 5 layers MLP
network (input layer, output layer and three hidden layer) achieved the task with high accuracy. The best network
configuration for model is shown in Table 2 and Figure 5 represents an ANN-based synthesis model.
(a)
(b)
Figure 4 Prototype of the fabricated proposed antennas (a) Antenna 2 (b) Antenna 3
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ISSN 2321-5984
Table 2. Optimized Network Parameters of ANN Model for proposed structures

ANN Parameters
Value
Network architecture
MLP Model
Network algorithm
Levenberg-Marquardt
Hidden layers
3
Neurons of hidden layers
5, 26 and 7
Activation function of hidden layers
Tangent Sigmoid
Activation function of input and output layer
Linear
Momentum coefficient
0.9
Learning rate
0.01
Training time and epoch with 2.5 GHz Intel(R) Core i5421 second, 3935 epoch
3210M CPU
Dimensions of
Slots and Slits
Frequency
Patch length
Axial ratio
Loss tangent
Relative Permittivity
Input layer Hidden Layers
Output layer
Figure 5 ANN based model for single-feed compact circularly polarized microstrip antenna
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In this paper ANN based model has been successfully introduced and designed the proposed antenna. The electrical
measurement of design antenna is done on Agilent Network Analyzer of PNA L-Series. The compactness in proposed
antenna 2 achieved is ~27% at resonance frequency 1.75 GHz and ~42% in antenna 3 at resonance frequency 1.70 GHz
in comparison to conventional square patch antenna [26]. The comparison among the results of ANN-based model,
simulation and measured for variation in S11 with frequency is shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7. In the figures it can be
observed that the resonance frequency is shifted towards its lower value because the path of excited patch surface
current is increased due to the integration of slots and slits. It can also be seen that the ANN model shows good
agreement with the HFSS simulation and experimental results.
0
-5
S11(dB)
-10
Antenna1
Antenna1
Antenna2
Antenna2
Antenna2
-15
(Simulated)
(ANN)
(Simulated)
(Measured)
(ANN)
-20
-25
-30
1.65
1.7
1.75
1.8
Frequency (GHz)
1.85
1.9
Figure 6 ANN, simulated and measured reflection coefficient (S11, dB) versus frequency (GHz) of antenna 2 and
antenna 1
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ISSN 2321-5984
Antenna3
Antenna3
Antenna3
Antenna1
Antenna1
0
-5
(Measured)
(Simulated)
(ANN)
(Simulated)
(ANN)
S11 (dB)
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
Frequency (GHz)
Figure 7 ANN, simulated and measured reflection coefficient (S11, dB) versus frequency (GHz) of antenna 3 and
antenna 1
The axial ratio vs. frequency results for the same is shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, and is been observed that both the
proposed antennas (antenna 2 and antenna 3) have axial ratio below 3-dB, hence, circularly polarized. It can also be
seen that a better axial ratio bandwidth is observed in antenna 3 as compared to antenna 1 and antenna 2. Here, also
ANN model shows a good agreement with simulation and measured results.
5
Antenna1
Antenna1
Antenna2
Antenna2
Antenna2
Axial Ratio (dB)
(ANN)
(Simulated)
(Simulated)
(Measured)
(ANN)
0
1.7
1.75
1.8
Frequency (GHz)
1.85
1.9
Figure 8 ANN, simulated and measured axial ratio (dB) versus frequency (GHz) of antenna 2 and antenna 1
Axial Ratio (dB)
Antenna1 (ANN)
Antenna1 (Simulated)
Antenna3 (Simulated)
Antenna3 (Measured)
Antenna3 (ANN)
4
3
2
1
0
1.65
1.75
1.8
1.85
1.9
Frequency (GHz)
Figure 9 ANN, simulated and measured axial ratio (dB) versus frequency (GHz) of antenna 3 and antenna 1
1.7
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ISSN 2321-5984
Figure 10 shows the total radiated power of the designed antenna 3 in both H-plane and E-plane. The sense of rotation
can be changed by simply changing the position of feed along another diagonal of the square patch. It is observed that
total radiated power remains same with change in frequency. The antennas show stable radiation characteristics in both
plane, and more than -3 dB power is achieved within angle of 170 in E-Plane and 130 in H-Plane. Both the antennas
have almost same radiation characteristics.
(a)
(b)
Figure 10 Simulated radiation pattern at 1.7 GHz (a) E-Plane (b) H-Plane
5. CONCLUSION
The ANN-based modelling, design and fabrication have been done successfully for compact circularly polarized
microstrip antennas. The proposed antenna is ~42% compact in size in comparison with conventional circularly
polarized microstrip antennas. So the proposed compact antenna may be a best choice for indoor WLAN applications
for circular polarization, mitigable to multipath fading in the field of wireless communication in addition to ANNbased model which would be a useful tool for the design engineers.
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IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 4, Issue 8, August 2016