PAST

SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT
SIMPLE PRESENT

FUTURE
SIMPLE FUTURE
Auxiliary1: WILL

Be+ GOING TO+ V2

I ate some fruit yesterday.

1. I wore nappies when I was a child.
Auxiliary1: DID
What did you do yesterday?
Did you do something special?

PAST CONTINUOUS

Auxiliary1: DO / DOES
What time does the sun set?
Does she go

* Simple present tense in future time.

1. My birthday falls on Monday next
year.
*present continuous tense, future time
2. I going tonight.
(there are more)

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Auxiliary1:

Auxiliary1:

Was/ were + ---ing

1. When you gave me a call, I was
having a bath at that exact
moment.

tomorrow? At that time I will be

flying to Crdoba, so we should
meet later.

Auxiliary1: be + V ing
Is / Are / am + ---ing
1. while I am reading Othello you can be
reading hamlet so wee will be reading
both books are the same time

will be Ving

PAST PERFECT

Auxiliary1:
Had + past participle (3rd column)
2. Before the Second World War
broke out, all the countries had
rearmed themselves and they had
expected peace not to last.

PAST PERFECT continuous

1

PRESENT PRERFECT

Auxiliary : have/ has + past participle

(3rd column)
1. I have just eaten an apple.
2. The taxi has arrived (now I see it
and I can take it)
1

PRESENT PRERFECT continuous

FUTURE PERFECT

Auxiliary1: Will + Have + past participle

(3rd column)
1. By ten tomorrow night, I will have
finished with all this work, so dont
worry

FUTURE PERFECT continuous

: Auxiliary: element mainly used to form negatives (they can take the negative particle not) and questions . E.g.: DO you study every day? No, I
DOnt.
2
V: stand for Verb

** It is used to refer to events and

actions that have happened in the past
but they continue to the present, or they
have just finished and you can see their
consequences in the present.
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN PAST AND
PRESENT.
** It is used to refer to events and
actions that had happened in the past
before other actions that happened in
the past.
A PAST INTO THE PAST.

** It is used for events or actions that

will have finished by the time speaker are
referring to.

*It is used for events that have been

planned or arranged in advance.
1. I am going to wash my car
2. Ill help you
3. I think itll rain

It is used to refer to events and actions

that happened in the past and have no
connection to the present. We usually
tend to MARK THE TIME.

* It is used for predictions and

spontaneous actions.
* Its used for events that are happening
at the time of speaking or near it.
* For events that last a period of time.

It is used to refer to events and actions that happen because they are Eternal
truths: they cannot be changed and they will not change.
1. the sun rises
2. Ice melts in the hot sunlight.
* The actions may be habitual and they belong to what we do every day/ year/
month even if they happen every year only one time.
1. we celebrate Christmas at home