1.

0 INTRODUCTION

COMPUTER NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATION

The purpose of a computer communications network is to allow moving information
from one point to another inside the network. The information could be stored on a device,
such as a personal computer in the network, it could be generated live outside the network,
such as speech, or could be generated by a process on another piece of information, such as
automatic sales transactions at the end of a business day. The device does not necessarily
have to be a computer; it could be a hard disk, a camera or even a printer on the network. Due
to a large variety of information to be moved, and due to the fact that each type of
information has its own conditions for intelligibility, the computer network has evolved into a
highly complex system. Specialized knowledge from many areas of science and engineering
goes into the design of networks. It is practically impossible for a single area of science or
engineering to be entirely responsible for the design of all the components. Therefore, a study
of computer networks branches into many areas as we go up from fundamentals to the
advanced levels.

2.0 MOBILE COMPUTING

2.1 DEFINITION OF MOBILE COMPUTING

Mobile computing is a generic term describing ones ability to use technology while
moving, as opposed to portable computers, which are only practical for use while deployed in
a stationary configuration. Mobile computing. Fixed wireless transmission, but wireless
transmission does not necessarily imply mobile computing. Fixed wireless applications use
satelites, radio systems and lasers to transmit between permanent objects suchas buildings
and towers. Many types of mobile computers have been introduced since the 1990s, including
the:
Wearable computer

Personal digital assistant / Enterprise digital assistant

Smartphone

Carputer

 Ultra-mobile PC

2.2 Specifications,services and frequincies of mobile computing

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SMARTPHONES

Samsung Galaxy Note 4

ANNOUNCED ON

2014, September

SPECIFICATIONS
BODY

Dimension 153.5 x 78.6 x 8.5 mm (6.04 x 3.09 x 0.33 in)

s
Weight
176 g (6.21 oz)
- Fingerprint sensor (PayPal certified)
- S Pen stylus
DISPLAY Type
Super AMOLED capacitive touchscreen, 16M
colors
Size
1440 x 2560 pixels, 5.7 inches (~515 ppi pixel
density)
Multitouc Yes
h
Protection Corning Gorilla Glass 3
MEMORY Card slot microSD, up to 128 GB
Internal
32 GB, 3 GB RAM
CAMERA Primary
16 MP, 5312 x 2988 pixels, optical image
stabilization, autofocus, LED flash, check quality
Features
Dual Shot, Simultaneous HD video and image
recording, geo-tagging, touch focus, face/smile
detection, panorama, HDR
Video
2160p@30fps, 1080p@60fps, optical
stabilization, dual-video rec., check quality
Secondary 3.7 MP, 1440p
BATTERY

Li-Ion 3220 mAh battery

Stand-by
Talk time
Music play
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(2G) / Up to 20 h (3G)
Up to 82 h

SERVICES
DATA

GPRS
EDGE
Speed

WLAN
Bluetooth
NFC
Infrared
port
USB

FREQUINCIES

2G
Network
3G
Network
4G
Network

SIM

Yes
Yes
HSPA 42.2/5.76 Mbps, LTE Cat4 150/50 Mbps
(N910C)
HSPA 42.2/5.76 Mbps, LTE Cat6 300/50 Mbps
(N910S)
Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band, Wi-Fi
Direct, Wi-Fi hotspot
v4.1, A2DP, EDR, LE
Yes
Yes

microUSB v2.0 (MHL 3), USB Host, USB Onthe-go

GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1900 / 2100
HSDPA 850 / 1700 / 1900 / 2100 - N910W8
LTE 700/800/850/900/1700/1800/1900/2100/2600
(Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 17, 20) - N910F
LTE 700 / 850 / 900 / 1700 / 1800 / 1900 / 2100 / 2600 TDLTE 2300 / 2600 (Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 28, 38, 40) N910G
LTE 700 / 850 / 900 / 1700 / 1800 / 1900 / 2100 / 2600
(Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 17) - N910W8
Micro-SIM

3.0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES

3.1 Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission
technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or
other packet-switched networks. Other terms frequently encountered and synonymous with
VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, voice over broadband (VoBB), broadband
telephony and broadband phone. Internet telephony refers communications services voice,
facsimile and/or voice messages applications that are transpoted via the internet, rather than
the public switched telephone network (PSTN). The basic steps involved in originating an
Internet telephone call areconversion of the analog voice signal to digital format
compression/translation of the signal into Internet Protocol (IP) packets for transmission over
the internet , the process is reversed at the receiveing end.

3.2 BLOG

Blog define as a frequent, chronological publication of personal thoughts and Web

links. A blog is often a mixture of what is happening in a persons life and what is happening
on the Web, a kind of hybrid diary/guide site, although there are as many unique types of
blogs as there are people.

People maintained blogs long before the term was coined, but the trend gained momentum
with the introduction of automated published systems, most notably Blogger at blogger.com.
Thousands of people use services such as Blogger to simplify and accelerate the publishing
process. Blogs are alternatively called web logs or weblogs. However, "blog" seems less
likely to cause confusion, as "web log" can also mean a servers log files.

4.0 TYPES OF NETWORK

4.1 Personal Area Network (PAN)

A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for data transmission
among devices such as computers, telephones and personal digital assistants. PANs can be
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used for communication among the personal devices themselves (intrapersonal

communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and the Internet (an uplink). A
wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a PAN carried over wireless network technologies
such as IrDA, Wireless USB, Bluetooth, Z-Wave, ZigBee, Body Area Network. The reach of
a WPAN varies from a few centimeters to a few meters. A PAN may also be carried over
wired computer buses such as USB and FireWire.The Reach of a PANis typically at least
about 20-30 feet (approximately 6-9 meters), but this is expected ti increase with technology
improvements.

4.2 Virtual Private Network (VPN)

A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network,
such as the Internet. It enables a computer or Wi-Fi-enabled device to send and receive data
across shared or public networks as if it were directly connected to the private network, while
benefiting from the functionality, security and management policies of the private network. A
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VPN is created by establishing a virtual point-to-point connection through the use of

dedicated connections, virtual tunneling protocols, or traffic encryptions.
A VPN connection across the Internet is similar to a wide area network (WAN) link
between websites. From a user perspective, the extended network resources are accessed in
the same way as resources available within the private network.
VPNs allow employees to securely access their company's intranet while traveling outside the
office. Similarly, VPNs securely connect geographically separated offices of an organization,
creating one cohesive network. VPN technology is also used by individual Internet users to
secure their wireless transactions, to circumvent geo restrictions and censorship, and to
connect to proxy servers for the purpose of protecting personal identity and location.

4.3 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

WLANs provide wireless network communication over short distances using radio or
infrared signals instead pf tradisional network cabling. A WLAN typically extends an existing
wired local area. WLANs are built by attaching device called the access point (AP) to the
edge of the wired network. Clients communicate with the AP using a wireless network
adapter network similar in function to a tradisional Ethernet adapter. Network security
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remains an important issue for WLANs. Random wireless clients must usually be prohoboted
from joining the WLAN. Technologies likeWEP raise the level of security on wireless
networks to rival that of atradisional wired networks.

4.4 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)

WiMAX refers to interoperable implementations of the IEEE 802.16 family of

wireless-networks standards ratified by the WiMAX Forum. (Similarly, Wi-Fi refers to
interoperable implementations of the IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN standards certified by the
Wi-Fi Alliance.) WiMAX Forum certification allows vendors to sell fixed or mobile products

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as WiMAX certified, thus ensuring a level of interoperability with other certified products, as
long as they fit the same profile.
Mobile WiMAX (originally based on 802.16e-2005) is the revision that was deployed
in many countries, and is the basis for future revisions such as 802.16m-2011. WiMAX is
sometimes referred to as "Wi-Fi on steroids" and can be used for a number of applications
including broadband connections, cellular backhaul, hotspots, etc. It is similar to Wi-Fi, but it
can enable usage at much greater distances.

5.0 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, computer networks are groups of interconnected computers. The internet is a

system of interconnected computer networks that are used to standardixed the internet
protocol suite (PC/IP). Its a network of networks that has millions of private, public,
academic, business and government networks of global scopes that are liked fiber optic
cables (light). Copper wires, wireless connections and other kinds of technologies. Metworks

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can also be classified by wide varieties of characteristics. Like flexibility, reliability, wave
length scalability, initial deployment and future capacity.

Advantages

Sharing devices such as printers saves money.

Data is easy to backup as all the data is stored on the file server

Disvantages

Purchasing the network cabling and file servers can be expensive

Viruses can spread to other computers through out a computer network

References
1. http://www.slideshare.net/muhdairil1610/the-latest-development-in-networkand-communication-23493661
2. http://www.slideshare.net/CikSyaqirahAJ/the-latest-development-in-networksand-communications
3. http://compnetworking.about.com/cs/voicefaxoverip/g/bldef_voip.htm
4. http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_note_4-6434.php
5. http://www.marketingterms.com/dictionary/blog/
6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX

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